资源描述
外研新标准外研新标准初三下初三下Unit 3 Language in useModule 2Objectives：1. To summarise and consolidate the use of pronouns2. To grasp more expressions about school life, including subjects and different parts of the school语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语法规律。中总结出语法规律。1. Did you do anything interesting?2. Did you visit her school?3. She took me there herself.4. It isnt as big as ours.5. There are a few science laboratories.Are you familiar with these sentences? They are all from Module 2.6. And they have a hall for concerts.7. Which school is better?8. Both schools are very nice.9. And neither school has anything the other hasnt got.10. Sally, the girl who visited us last year and played in the orchestra.11. How is she?12. It was great to see her again.13. Did you visit her school?14. She took me there herself.15. It isnt as big as ours.Have you noticed the pronouns underlined?1. to test your sense of observation2. to test your ability of short-term memory 3. to test your ability of inductive methodGuess1. Did _ do anything interesting?2. Did _ visit _ school?3. _ took _ there _.4. _ isnt as big as _.5. There are _ _ science laboratories.6. And _ have a hall for concerts.7. _ school is better?8. _ schools are very nice.9. And _ school has anything the _ hasnt got. you you her She me herself It ours a few they WhichBoth neither other10. Sally, the girl _ visited _ last year and played in the orchestra.11. How is _?12. _ was great to see _ again.13. Did you visit _ school?14. She took me there _.15. It isnt as big as _.whoussheItherherherselfours以上我们已经通过归纳总结对本课的以上我们已经通过归纳总结对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解语法内容有了一定的了解, 下面就让下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。选择讲解该语法项的重难点。 代词用来代替名词的词。它是英语代词用来代替名词的词。它是英语语法结构中的重要组成部分，也是中考语法结构中的重要组成部分，也是中考 测试的重点内容之一。测试的重点内容之一。代词在考试命题中主要考查代词在考试命题中主要考查不定代词不定代词, 其其次是次是it用法用法、疑问代词疑问代词、反身代词反身代词以及以及人人称代词称代词等。等。它在句中充当主语、宾语和表语它在句中充当主语、宾语和表语, 有时还有时还可以充当定语。可以充当定语。代词的用法代词的用法一、人称代词一、人称代词1. 人称代词的人称、数和格人称代词的人称、数和格, 如下表所示。如下表所示。复数复数单数单数youyouyouyou第二人称第二人称 them theyhim her ithe she it第三人称第三人称uswemeI 第一人称第一人称宾格宾格主格主格宾格宾格主格主格数数格格人称人称2. 人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格主格作作主语主语，宾格宾格作作及物动词和介词的宾语及物动词和介词的宾语。I like table tennis. （作主语）（作主语）The bicycle belongs to Tom and me. (作宾语作宾语)Do you know him?（作宾语）（作宾语）3. 人称代词还可作人称代词还可作表语表语。作表语时用。作表语时用宾格宾格。Who is knocking at the door? Its me. (作表语作表语)4. 人称代词在人称代词在than之后之后与其他人或事物进与其他人或事物进行比较行比较时，用时，用主格主格和和宾格宾格都可以。都可以。He is older than me.He is older than I am.5. it的用法的用法指指物物: Its a robot. 指指天气天气: Its raining now, but it will be fine soon. 指指时间时间: Its 9 oclock. 指指距离距离: Its 20 miles from here. 作作形式主语形式主语： Its important for us to fight pollution. It took me half an hour to finish the work. Its kind of you to say so. 作作形式宾语形式宾语: We think it necessary to relax from time to time.二、二、 物主代词物主代词1. 物主代词的人称、数和类别物主代词的人称、数和类别, 如下表所示。如下表所示。 his his hers her mine my第一人称第一人称单数单数 theirs their第三人称第三人称 ours our第一人称第一人称复数复数 yours your第二人称第二人称 its its第三人称第三人称 yours your第二人称第二人称 名词性物名词性物主代词主代词形容词性物形容词性物主代词主代词 类别类别 人称人称数数人称人称形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词的作用的作用相当于形容词相当于形容词。This is his dictionary.Our teacher is coming to see us.Did you visit her school?形容词性物主代词作定语形容词性物主代词作定语, 后加名词后加名词; 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词。This is my (形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词) book. = This book is mine. (名词性物主代词名词性物主代词)2. 物主代词在句中的作用物主代词在句中的作用名词性物主代词名词性物主代词可做可做主语、宾语和表语主语、宾语和表语。Our classroom is here, and theirs is there. (主语主语)Your pen is blue. Mine is blue, too. (主语主语) May I use your pen? Ive lost mine. (宾语宾语)Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (宾语宾语) This is our laboratory, where is yours? The bike is hers. (表语表语) 人称人称 数数第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称单数单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself复数复数 ourselves yourselves themselves三、反身代词三、反身代词英语中用来表示英语中用来表示“你自己你自己”、“我自己我自己”、“他自己他自己”、“我们自己我们自己”，“你们自己你们自己”等意义的代词称反身代词。形式如下表：等意义的代词称反身代词。形式如下表：1. 作宾语作宾语Help yourself to some cakes. I can look at myself in the mirror. She is too weak to take care of herself.May I introduce myself?2. 作同位语（加强语气）作同位语（加强语气）I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.You must do it yourself. You should ask the teacher himself.反身代词可在句中作反身代词可在句中作宾语宾语和和同位语同位语( (起起加加强语气强语气的作用的作用) )。四、指示代词四、指示代词指示代词包括指示代词包括this, that, these, those。1. this和和these一般用来指在时间或空间上一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的较近的事物或人事物或人, that和和those则指时间和则指时间和空间上空间上较远的较远的事物或人。例如：事物或人。例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are busy these days.In those days the workers had a hard time.Whats this (that)? Its a book.What are these (those)? They are books.2. 有时有时that和和those指指前面讲到过的前面讲到过的事物事物, this 和和these则是指则是指下面将要讲到的下面将要讲到的事物。如事物。如:I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English.3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词有时为了避免重复提到的名词, 常可用常可用that或或those代替。如代替。如: Television sets made in China are just as good as those made in Japan.4. this在电话用语中代表自己在电话用语中代表自己, that则代表对则代表对方。如：方。如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking？疑问代词有疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what和和which等疑问代词用于等疑问代词用于特殊疑问句特殊疑问句中，一般放在句中，一般放在句首，可以作主语、表语、定语和宾语等。首，可以作主语、表语、定语和宾语等。Who called you right now? (作主语作主语)What is this? (作表语作表语)Whose umbrella is this? (作定语作定语)Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语作宾语)Which is yours? (作主语作主语)Which do you want? (作宾语作宾语)五、疑问代词五、疑问代词六、不定代词六、不定代词不定代词是指不是指明代替任何特定名词不定代词是指不是指明代替任何特定名词的词。常见的有：的词。常见的有：one, some, any, none, neither, (a) little, (a) few, all, both, each, either等。等。1. one的用法的用法 表示表示“一个一个”，可以指，可以指人人，也可以指，也可以指物物。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。 One should be strict with oneself. If one want to visit the city, one must find ones own guide. one 代替上文中出现的代替上文中出现的单数可数名词单数可数名词, 所有格形式为所有格形式为ones, 复数可数名词用复数可数名词用 ones代替。代替。one还泛指人。还泛指人。 ones 前面一般都有定语修饰，前面一般都有定语修饰，one前前面有定语修饰时，常用面有定语修饰时，常用 a (an)。I have a new coat and several old ones.Ive lost my pen. I want to buy a new one. This apple is bigger than that one. I dont like the green apples. Give me the red ones.one和和it的用法比较：的用法比较：同：同：one和和it都是为了避免同前面名词重复都是为了避免同前面名词重复, 用他们来代替前面提到的名词的。用他们来代替前面提到的名词的。异：异：a. The box is in the middle of the room. Move it away, please. (代替的就是前面提代替的就是前面提到的到的那件特指的事物那件特指的事物。) b. Do you want this big apple? No, I want the small one. (代替的是前代替的是前面提到的面提到的同类事物同类事物，但不是同一件。，但不是同一件。)2. some和和any some和和any 是单数还是复数是单数还是复数, 要看其要看其所代替的是什么。所代替的是什么。Some和和any 都既可都既可以以指人指人, 也可以也可以指物指物, 可以可以表示可数的表示可数的事物和人事物和人, 也可以也可以表示不可数的表示不可数的 概念。如概念。如: some (any) books, some (any) money, some people, some water 作为代词作为代词, 它们在句中可以它们在句中可以做主语做主语和和宾语宾语。如。如: There are many people in the park. Some are dancing, others are playing Taijiquan. some 用于用于肯定句肯定句中中, 而而 any 用于用于疑问句、否定句和条件句疑问句、否定句和条件句。 -I am thirsty. Can you give me some water? -Sorry, I dont have any. If I have any, I will give you some.3. none和和neither none, neither 都表示否定的意思都表示否定的意思, 两两者的区别在于者的区别在于, neither 用于用于两者两者, 而而none 用于用于两者以上两者以上。如：。如： Yes, I saw two boys at the door, but neither (of them) is my brother. None (of the students) in my class want to take part in this trip. none 除指除指可数可数的人和物外的人和物外, 还可以还可以表示表示不可数不可数的东西的东西, 可以指与可以指与one, two, three一样的数字概念。一样的数字概念。 如：如： I have a lot of money in my bag, but none is mine. -How many postcards have you sent? -None.4. (a) little和和(a) few (a) little 和和 (a) few的具体用法如下表：的具体用法如下表：含义用法含义用法表示表示肯定肯定表示表示否定否定用于用于可数名词可数名词a few 虽少虽少, 但有但有几个几个few 不多不多, 几乎几乎没有没有用于用于不可数名词不可数名词 a little 虽少，但虽少，但又一点又一点little不多不多, 没有没有多少多少Do you have any water?Yes, but only a little.Sorry, I have little myself. I cant give you any.He has many friends, but few are true friends/ but only a few are true friends. a little 和和 a few 表示表示肯定肯定的概念的概念, 而而little 和和 few 却表示否定的概念。却表示否定的概念。 (a) little 用于用于不可数名词不可数名词, 而而 (a) few 用于用于可数名词可数名词。如。如:5. all和和both all 表示表示“所有的所有的, 全体全体, 一切一切”的的 概念概念, both 表示表示“两个都两个都”, 而而all指指两者以上两者以上, 同同时还可以指不可数的东西。如时还可以指不可数的东西。如: All of the boys went to the cinema yesterday evening. All of the money is mine.-Which of the two shirts do you like?-I like both. all 和和 both 可用于主语之后可用于主语之后, 如：如： We all/both passed the exam. We all/both students.6. each和和either each 和和 either 都可以表示都可以表示“每一每一个个”, each 可以表示可以表示两者两者、也可以表、也可以表示示两两 者以上者以上的的“每一个每一个” either只能表示只能表示两者两者中的中的“每一个每一个”。如如: Each of us/We each got a nice card on that special day. -Which of the two shirts do you want?-Either will do.注意注意: either 表示一种选择表示一种选择, 如上面一例如上面一例, 表示表示“哪个都可以哪个都可以”, 说明购物者要买一说明购物者要买一件衬衣而不是两件都要。如表示两件都件衬衣而不是两件都要。如表示两件都要要, 则用则用both。each也可用于句末。如也可用于句末。如: The old man gave the boys two apples each.另外，我们要注意区别另外，我们要注意区别each和和every的用法的用法:eachevery可单独使用可单独使用不可单独使用不可单独使用可做主语可做主语(的一部分的一部分)、宾语宾语(的一部分的一部分)状语状语仅用作定语仅用作定语着重个别着重个别着重全体，无一例着重全体，无一例外外用于两者或两者以上用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物中的每一个人或物用于三者或三者以用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物上每一个人或物Each of us has seen the film.(作主语的一部分作主语的一部分) Each man hunts lone. (作主语的一部分作主语的一部分)They each do their share of the work. (作主语的一部分作主语的一部分)I gave them each a copy of the writing paper. (作宾语一部分作宾语一部分)They wrote a letter to their parents each. (作状语作状语)含含every的一些常用词组的一些常用词组: every week 每周每周 every two weeks 每隔两周每隔两周 every other day 每隔一天每隔一天 every other ten days 每隔每隔10天天请大家注意下面句子宾语的变化：请大家注意下面句子宾语的变化：Each student has his or her own place in the library. (常用于正式写作中常用于正式写作中)Each student has their own place in the library. (口语中口语中)注注: word : word 文档文档点击此处链接点击此处链接单项选择。单项选择。1. What do you think of the movie by Zhao Wei? Terrific. I like _ very much.（2013丽水）丽水）A. it B. him C. her D. you2.They are able to talk openly to one another whenever _ of them feels hurt. (2013杭州杭州)A. either B. both C. some D. all3. Ill have a tennis game tomorrow. Im a little bit nervous. Believe in . Youre the best in our club. (2013温州温州) A.herself B. myself C. yourself D. himself4. I cant find my pen. Could you help_ find it?（2013北京）北京） A. me B. her C. him D. them5. -Tom, supper is ready. -I dont want to eat _, Mum. Im not feeling well. (2013北京北京) A.everything B. nothing C. something D. anything6. My parents showed_ some old pictures that brought back sweet memories （2013上海）上海） A. I B.me C.my D.mine7. _ is waiting for you at the gate. He wants to say thanks to you. （2013上海）上海）A.Somebody B. Anybody C.Everybody D.Nobody8. Mike , is that new bike _ ? Yes. My mother bought it for me yesterday. （2013重庆）重庆）A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself9. You dont have a drink. Can I get you _? （2013河北）河北） A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything10. My pen doesnt work. May I borrow _, Kate? Sorry, Im using it now. （2013丹东）丹东） A. hers B. his C. yours D. mine11. Ann, would you like to drink tea or coffee? _. Im not thirsty at all. （2013丹东）丹东） A.Either B. Any C. Neither D. Both12. - _is the boy with a pair of glasses? -My brother,John. （2013大连）大连）A.How B.Who C.Where D.What13. Would you please lend me _ English book? _ isnt here. (2012) A. your; I B. you; My C. yours; Mine D. your; Mine14. The lovely girl is from Class 6. _ name is Alice. (2012) A. Her B. His C. Your D. Its15. May I use your calculator? Sorry. I left _ at home. (2012) A. it B. one C. this D. that16. Do you need a new dictionary, Susan? No, Mum. My uncle bought me _ yesterday. (2012) A. one B. it C. the one D. another17. Is your brother running in the park? No, _ is swimming in the river. (2012) A. she B. his C. her D. he18. They were all very tired, but _ of them took a rest. (2012) A. none B. all C. both D. either19. Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan? (2012) _ of them. Lin Shuhao is my favorite. A. All B. None C. Either D. Neither20. There must be _ wrong with the clock. It doesnt work. (2012) A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything21. Will you go to the London Olympic Games with your sister? Dad can only afford one ticket, so _ of us has to stay at home. (2012)A. either B. all C. both D. neither22. I think _ can make Andy change his mind. He is such a person who never gives up easily. (2012) A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything23. The students are helping the old man clean _ house now. (2012) A. her B. him C. his24. Here is a schoolbag. Whose is it? Oh, its _. Thank you. (2012) A. my B. mine C. me25. The volunteers love _ students in that small village in the west of China. (2010) A. they B. them C. their D. themselves26. Emma, can you introduce _ to Alice? I want to meet her. (2010) A. him B. his C. me D. my27. I need something for cutting the paper. Oh, you want a knife? OK, Ill get _ for you. (2010) A. it B. that C. this D. one28. This is _ classroom, but where is ours? (2010) A. they B. them C. their D. theirs29. Dont wear jeans, or _ wont be allowed to go to the concert. (2010) A. I B. you C. they30. Is this _ dictionary? No, its not mine. (2010) A. you B. your C. yours31. Excuse me, is this _ new camera? Yes, its _. (2010) A. your; my B. your; mine C. yours; my D. yours; mine 32. Do you know Alice? Yes. I know _ very well. (2009)A. she B. herself C. her D. hers Try to complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.he her him himself his our ourselves she their themselvesthey(2) us we1. Mr. Lees class put all _ things away at the end of the lesson. _ know that _ have to tidy up the classroom _. They dont wait for others to do it.2. John has a lot of homework tonight. _ isnt able to do it _ so Im going to help _ with it. I dont think _ teacher knows how difficult it is.theirTheytheythemselvesHehimselfhimhis3. Grandfather: Jane is doing a project about family history. _ has asked us to give _ some photos of _ when we were young. Have _ got any? Grandmother: Yes, there is a photo of _ with all the other children, in _ school.SheherourselvesweusourComplete the conversation with the correct words and expressions.Anna: Hi, how did your exams go?Bob: Im really pleased! I didnt expect to do well in (1) neither / either maths or geography, but in the end, I got good grades in (2) both / each subjects. What about you?Anna: I did really well in English. Thats (3) anything / something Ive always enjoyed. My grades in history and art werent so good, because (4) none / neither of those is my favourite subject. What will you study next year?Bob: Ive still got (5) a few / few weeks before I have to decide. Im going to speak to (6)every/all my teachers and ask for their advice.Anna: The teachers say that we must decide for (7)themselves/ourselves, that (8)none/neither of them can tell us what to do.Bob: But I have to get (9) some / any information because there are so (10) much / many subjects and its very hard to choose.Rewrite the sentencesReplace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. each other either his myself of mine who is whose is1. Meet John. Hes a friend I have.2. You dont need to help me, I can do it on my own.3. They will help Kate, and Kate helps them with the homework.4. Who owns that silver bike? Is it Mr. Scotts bike?of minemyself Whose iseach other5. Yes, it is Mr Scotts.6. I know someone with the job as a dentist.7. I dont mind which apple you give me. The red one or the green one will be fine.hiswho isEitherListen and number the subjects in the order you hear them.Art, Design and TechnologyITLanguages PEPersonal Health and Safety Education12345Read the passages and say where you think it comes from.A A dictionaryB A websiteC A newspaper advertisementRead the passage again and match the headings with the paragraphs. After-school activities School hours Sports Subjects1234Read the passage again and check () the correct answer.YesNoDo students have to come to lessons on Sundays?Is the lunch break longer than one hour?Does the school offer team and individual sports?Can students join more than one club?Do students take exams in all the subjects they study?Writing a leaflet about your schoolStep 1: Work in pairs. Describe your school and make notes. There are students and teachers. At our school students can study After school there are and On the ground floor, there are andStep 2: Say what you do at school, what you like best and make notes. At school I study and After school, I The things I like best about school are becauseStep 3: Use your notes to write a leaflet.Pronoun: instead of a noun, referring to a person or thing that has been mentioned earlier, for example “it, she, he, our”QUIZ注注: word : word 文档文档点击此处链接点击此处链接. 选择合适的代词完成句子。选择合适的代词完成句子。(A) some, any1. Has Peter got _ oranges? Yes, he has got _.2. We have got _ meat in the fridge but we havent got _ vegetables.(B) few, a few3. There are _ books on the desk. You can borrow any one of them.4. The test is too difficult. _ students can pass it.anysomesomeanya fewFew (C) all, both, none, neither5. I have three cousins and _ of them are sports fans.6. The old woman has two daughters but _ of them lives with her.7. The problem was so hard that _ of the students in her class could work it out.8. _ of the two American students are interested in Chinese culture and they have learned a lot about China.allneithernoneBoth (D) somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody9. _ wants to make friends with a lazy person.10. If _ knows her QQ number, please tell me. 11. Do you like Danny Boyle? Yes. _ in my family is a fan of his.12. Can you tell me the way to the post office? Sorry, I dont know. Please ask _ else.Nobody anybody/ somebodyEverybody someone. 单项选择单项选择1. Mrs Wang teaches _ Chinese. _ is a good teacher.A. we; She B. us; She C. we; Her D. us; Her2. Jim, you are old enough. Im sure that you can look after _. A.himself B. myself C. yourself D. ourselves3. There must be _ wrong with the computer. It doesnt work. A.something B. everything C. anythingD. nothing 4. This is _ English book. I left _ at home this morning. A. your; my B. your; mine C. yours; myD. yours; mine5. Whats on _ side of the hill, Dad? A big lake. A. other B. others C. another D. the other 6. I have two dictionaries, and I can lend _ to you. Thats very kind of you! A. it B. one C. this D. that7. Can I come on Saturday or Sunday? _ is OK. Im free these days.A. Either B. Both C. Each D. Any8. I find _ interesting to watch live football games online. A. this B. that C. itD. oneHomework1. Finish the leaflet about your school.2. Grasp the use of pronouns.1. Preview the vocabulary of next module.2. Preview the conversation between Betty and her mum.
展开阅读全文