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外研新标准外研新标准初三下初三下Module 3Unit 3 Language in useObjectives：1. To summarise and consolidate the use of adjectives and adverbs2. To summarise and consolidate comparative degree and superlative degree语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语法规律。语言现象中总结出语法规律。1. Thats true.2. Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago?3. Im healthier than Ive ever been.4. Youll be more relaxed and less nervous before your exams.Are you familiar with these sentences? They are all from Module 3.5. And that makes life more dangerous and less healthy.6. Faster transport also makes more pollution.7. I think its better.8. Public transport is much better today.9. They were much bigger in those days.10. I helped my younger brother with his homework in the evenings.11. But people dont take as much exercise as they did.12. The most important difference is that people are healthier today.13. People walk or use their bikes less, and theyre lazier.Have you noticed the words underlined?1. to test your sense of observation2. to test your ability of short-term memory 3. to test your ability of inductive methodGuess 1. Thats _ (true).2. Is life today _ _ _ _ (good or bad) it was 50 years ago?3. Im _ (healthy) than Ive ever been.4. Youll be _ _ (much relaxed) and less _(nervous) before your exams.5. And that makes life _ _ (dangerous) and less _(healthy).truebetter or worse thanhealthier more relaxednervousmore dangeroushealthy6. _ (fast) transport also makes _ (much) pollution.7. I think its _ (good).8. Public transport is much _(good) today.9. They were much _(big) in those days.10. I helped my _(young) brother with his homework in the evenings.betterbiggeryoungerFasterbettermore11. But people dont take _ much exercise _ they did.12. _ _ _ (important) difference is that people are healthier today.13. People walk or use their bikes _(little), and theyre _ (lazy).asasThe most importantlesslazierPeople live longer (long) and stay (1)_ (healthy) today than they did 50 years ago. People are (2) _ (tall) and (3) _ (strong) because they have a (4) _ (good) diet. Athletes can run (5) _ (fast), jump (6) _ (high) and throw (7)_ (far) than ever before. Complete the passage with the correct form of the words.healthiertallerstrongerbetter fasterhigherfurtherPlaying sports is one of the (8) _ _ (popular) leisure activities. People also work (9) _ (hard) and lead (10) _ (busy) lives. Big cities are (11) _ (pleasant) places to live than before because they are (12) _ (dirty) and (13) _ (crowded). They are also (14) _ (dangerous). harderbusierless pleasantdirtiermore crowdedmore dangerousmostpopularTraveling is (15)_ (easy) than before, and air travel is the (16) _ (comfortable) way to travel long distances.easiermost comfortable 以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解本课的语法内容有了一定的了解, 下下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。形容词的用法形容词的用法形容词形容词是指那些是指那些用来描述或修饰名词用来描述或修饰名词(或代或代词词)的一类词的一类词。一般放在其所修饰的名词之。一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。如：前。如：tidy, rich, cheap, early 等。等。在句中用作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成在句中用作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。多数形容词具有比较等级。它也是中分。多数形容词具有比较等级。它也是中考的重要考查内容。考查重点是：形容词考的重要考查内容。考查重点是：形容词与副词的区别与副词的区别, “级级”的范围的范围, 比较级的重要比较级的重要句型句型,比较级的程度修饰语比较级的程度修饰语: much, a lot, even, still, a bit, a little等。等。 1. 形容词作形容词作表语表语, 表明表明主语的性质和特征主语的性质和特征, 放在连系动词之后。如：放在连系动词之后。如： Computers are very useful in our everyday life. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. The trees turn green in spring. We are alone on the island.只能作表语的形容词：只能作表语的形容词：asleep, afraid, ill, alone, able, awake, alive, frightened, sorry, glad, worth(后后+doing), interested excited, surprised2. 形容词作形容词作定语定语，修饰名词或由，修饰名词或由 some-, any-, no-, every- 构成的构成的不定代词不定代词, 通常放通常放在在名词之前，不定代词之后名词之前，不定代词之后。如：。如：This is an unhealthy diet.He is a good student.I have something important to tell you.There is nothing important in todays newspaper.Is there anything interesting in this book?只能作定语的形容词：只能作定语的形容词：little 小的小的, only唯唯一的一的, wooden 木质的木质的, woolen 羊毛的羊毛的, elder 年长的年长的3. 形容词作形容词作宾语补足语宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，放在宾语之后，与其与其构成复合宾语构成复合宾语。如：。如：You should keep your classroom clean and tidy.I found it difficult to get on well with the manager. He made us happy.I found the cat dead. Exercise makes you healthy and strong. 1. 表示表示长、宽、高、深及年龄长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。如：应放在相应的名词之后。如：How long is the river?Its about two hundred metres long.2. 形容词名词化形容词名词化：the old老人老人 the rich 富人富人The old are taken good care of by the nurses. 形容词的其他用法形容词的其他用法3. 复合形容词：复合形容词： snow-white 雪白的雪白的 ten-year-old 十岁的十岁的English-speaking说英语的说英语的 glass-topped 玻璃罩的玻璃罩的 full-time 全日制的全日制的 well-known 众所周知的众所周知的 kind-hearted 善良的善良的man-made 人造的人造的 take-away 可以带走的可以带走的4. 当多个形容词修饰名词时，其当多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序顺序是是:限定词限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词代词、数词)描绘词描绘词(大小、长短、形状、大小、长短、形状、新旧、长幼、颜色新旧、长幼、颜色)出处出处材料材料性质性质类别类别名词名词a small round table 一张小圆桌一张小圆桌a tall white building 一幢白色的高大建筑一幢白色的高大建筑 a dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣a famous American medical school一所非常著名的美国医学院一所非常著名的美国医学院形容词的比较级和最高级构成形容词的比较级和最高级构成规则变化规则变化&不规则变化不规则变化 Lets fill in the blanks.词词 尾尾 变变 化化原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级单音节词在词尾加单音节词在词尾加-er(比比较级较级)或或-est(最高级最高级)以字以字母母e接尾的词加接尾的词加-r或或-sttall hard large wide以重读闭音节结尾的词以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加应双写辅音字母再加er或或estbig hot thin fat wet 规则变化规则变化tallest hardest largest widesttaller harder larger widerbiggest hottest fattest wettest bigger hotter fatter wetter词词 尾尾 变变 化化原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的结尾的词变为词变为i再加再加-er,或或-esthappy dry early少数以少数以-er,-ow结尾的结尾的双音节词可加双音节词可加-er或或-estnarrow clever 多音节词和多数双音多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加节词在其前面加more 和和most difficult popular slowlyhappiest driest earliesthappier drier earliermost difficult most popularmost slowlymore difficult more popularmore slowlynarrowest cleverestnarrower cleverer原级原级goodwell比较级比较级最高级最高级badillmanymuchlittlefaroldbetter bestworseworstless more mostfarther/furtherolder/elderleast farthest/furthestoldest/eldest巧记：巧记：特殊形式比较级，特殊形式比较级，共有三对二合一；共有三对二合一；坏病两多并两好，坏病两多并两好，little意思不是小，意思不是小，一分为二有两个，一分为二有两个，一是老来二是远。一是老来二是远。 不规则变化不规则变化Tom is as tall as Mike. 1. as+形容词原形形容词原形+asThere are as many students in our school as yours. Tom is three times as old as Mike.形容词形容词原级原级的常用句型的常用句型This girl is as beautiful as that one.Tom is not as tall as Mike.Tom is not so tall as Mike. “not as+形容词原形形容词原形+as” 和和不一样不一样“not so+形容词原形形容词原形+as” 不及不不及不如如 You dont eat so much as I.This book isnt as interesting as that one.This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons. 2. so+形容词原级形容词原级+that从句从句 such+名词名词+that从句从句He is so big that he cant enter the room by the door.3. too+原级原级+ to do sth.He is too young to join the army. 4. 形容词原级形容词原级 + enough to do sth. 1. 比较级比较级+than This bridge is longer than that one. Our school is larger than theirs. 形容词形容词比较级比较级的常用句型的常用句型2. 表示两者之间的选择表示两者之间的选择, 可使用可使用 “Which is + 比较级比较级, or?” Which is longer, this one or that?3. 表示不及另一方时，使用表示不及另一方时，使用“less+原级原级+than”This park is less beautiful than that one. 4.The+比较级比较级,the + 比较级比较级 “越越越越” The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us the heat. 5. 比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级 “越来越越来越” In spring, the days are getting longer and longer. 修饰形容词和副词的比较级的修饰形容词和副词的比较级的副词要用副词要用much, a lot, a little, a bit, far等。等。very不不能和比较级连用。如：能和比较级连用。如：The blouse I bought yesterday is a little less expensive. 昨天我买的衬衣比较便宜。昨天我买的衬衣比较便宜。To play basketball is far more enjoyable to the boy. 打篮球对于男孩子来说要有趣得多。打篮球对于男孩子来说要有趣得多。1. one of the+最高级最高级+名词复数名词复数Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. 2. 最高级最高级+of Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best (in)形容词形容词最高级最高级的常用句型的常用句型三者三者 (或三者以上或三者以上) 进行比较进行比较 (常与表示常与表示范围的范围的in, of 短语连用短语连用)。3. This is/ was the+最高级最高级+名词名词+that 定语从句定语从句 This is the worst film that I have seen these years. 注注: word : word 文档文档点击此处链接点击此处链接1. Debbie is growing fast. She is even_ than her mother. (2013北京北京) A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest2. Everyone was _ when they heard the _ news. （2013遂宁）遂宁） Aexciting, exciting Bexcited, exciting Cexciting, excited 3. Peter is _ than you, right? Yes, but he runs_ in our class. （2013达州）达州） A. heavier, fastest B. heavy, the fastest C. heavier, faster D. heavy, faster4. How are you today ,Mike? Im now. I dont think this medicine is good for me.（2013泰安）泰安） A. badly B. better C. well D. worse5. Why does Tina look so_ today? Shes won the first prize in the English contest.（2013淄博）淄博） A. happier B. happy C. happiest D. happily6. He often drinks two cups of water when he comes back.（2013安顺）安顺） A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. boils7. The Internet is reallyto usWe can easily find information on it（2013莆莆田）田） Aboring Buseful Cinteresting8. Many boy students think math is _ English. I agree. Im weak in English.（2013十十堰）堰） A. much difficult than B. so difficult as C. less difficult than D. more difficult than 9. Mary is so _ she comes to you whenever youre in trouble. （2013日照）日照） A. usefulB. careful C. thankfulD. helpful10. Lindas father hates waiting in long lines. I think hes just not very _. (2013南京南京) A. patient B. talented C. popular D. powerful11. Why did you vote for Maggie? Because she is very . She always shares things with others. (2012) A. practical B. active C. generous D. energetic12. You should practice more to improve your English, then youll be _ at it. (2012) A. good B. better C. best D. the best13. We lost the match because they had _ players. They had eleven and we had only nine. (2012)A. stronger B. younger C. fewer D. more 14. Peter is _ than you, right?Yes, but he is _ runner in our class. (2012)A. heavier; best B. heavy; the best C. heavier; the best D. heavy; better 15. I had to call a taxi because the box was _ than Id expected. (2012)A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest16. Why is the traffic today moving so slowly? We are running late! Calm down. Lets take route. Turn left over there. (2012)A. a same B. the same C. a different D. the different17. Today its normal for married women to go out to work, but it was _ in the past. (2012)A. common B. more commonC. less common D. the most common18. Mrs Brown is nice. Every day she tried to cook _for me during my stay in Canada. (2012)A. something different B. anything different C. nothing different19. Whats the low-carbon lifestyle like? Save _ energy and produce _ carbon. (2010) A. more; more B. less; more C. less; less D. more; less20. Are you scared of the flight? No, just a little _. (2010) A. angry B. serious C. anxious D. calm21. Im going to a job interview. I feel a little _. Take it easy. Listening to music can help you relax. (2010) A. comfortable B. nervous C. excited22. Listening is just as _ as speaking in language learning. (2010) A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important23. Its going to rain. Let me fetch an umbrella for you. Thank you. You are so _. (2010)A. lucky B. kind C. relaxing D. interesting 24. How do you like the game show? _. I cant stand it. (2010)A. Funny B. Important C. Perfect D. Awful 25. Lee come to Beijing in 2005. He has been here _ than you. (2009) A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest26. Tiananmen square is one of _ squares in the world. (2009) A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largestAre you familiar with these sentences? They are all from Module 3.1. We werent rich but we ate enough.2. Its getting late, Betty.3. I really want to do my best.4. I also think schoolchildren today work harder than we ever did.5. And I walk less these days and takethe bus more.Have you noticed the words underlined?1. to test your sense of observation2. to test your ability of short-term memory 3. to test your ability of inductive methodGuess1. We werent rich but we ate _.2. Its getting _, Betty.3. I _ want to do my _.4. I also think schoolchildren today work _ _ we ever did.5. And I walk _ these days and take the bus _.enoughlatereallybestharder thanlessmore副词副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、 全句或名词词组及句子的词。常用的有：全句或名词词组及句子的词。常用的有：ago，before，now，then，soon, already，yet, here, there, up, down, above, below, inside, outside, where, when, why, how, very, much, so, too, quite, enough, carefully, quickly, easily, quietly, also, too, only等。在等。在句中用作状语、表语、定语、宾补等成分。句中用作状语、表语、定语、宾补等成分。 副词的用法副词的用法1. 副词在句中主要用作副词在句中主要用作状语状语 Its snowing heavily outside. He runs fast. (状语状语, 修饰动词修饰动词) I have never heard such a beautiful voice. (状语状语, 修饰动词修饰动词) Unluckily, he failed in this physics exam again. (状语状语, 修饰整个句子修饰整个句子) He was too excited to say a word. (状语状语, 修饰形容词修饰形容词)2. 副词在句中也可充当副词在句中也可充当定语、表语定语、表语等等。如。如: Class is over. (表语表语) My mother is out. (表语表语) The weather here is different from that of Singapore. (定语定语) The girl there is my friend. (定语定语) I found him outside. (宾语补足语宾语补足语) It was much more freezing today than yesterday. He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him. We got up early enough to catch the first bus.常见的程度副词有：常见的程度副词有：very，much，so，too，quite，enough much，(a) little，a bit，rather，completely，terribly，deeply，nearly，almost，hardly3. 副词在句中的副词在句中的位置位置： 程度副词程度副词通常位于通常位于被修饰的形容词副词被修饰的形容词副词之前之前，但，但enough则要放在后面。则要放在后面。Tom often goes to library on Saturday.I have never been late for class. You must always work like that.I sometimes wonder if all this work is really worth it.常见的频度副词有：常见的频度副词有：always，often，never sometimes，usually，hardly，seldom。 频度副词频度副词通常位于通常位于行为动词之前，行为动词之前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后动词、助动词和情态动词之后，但一般，但一般不放在句末。不放在句末。几个副词同时出现时几个副词同时出现时, 其顺序一般为其顺序一般为: (也可位于句首也可位于句首)。注意注意: 副词的比较级和最高级的构成和副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本 相同相同。fast-faster-fastestslowly- more slowly most slowly 形容词的最高级前要形容词的最高级前要用定冠词用定冠词the, 副词的最高级前副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词可用可不用定冠词the。 Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world. Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.注注: word : word 文档文档点击此处链接点击此处链接1. The sun is shining . Youd better wear sunglasses while you are out.(2013漳漳州州) A. brightly B. lightly C. heavily2. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should go to an open area as as possible.（2013临沂）临沂） A. quickly B. quietly C. loudly D. slowly3. Look at the bird over there! Its so beautiful! Wow! Its a rare crane(丹顶鹤丹顶鹤). It _ appears in this area.（2013无锡）无锡） A. always B. usually C. seldom D. often4. Peter speaks Chinese well indeed, but of course not _ a local speaker in China.（2013苏州）苏州） A. so fluently as B. more fluent than C. as fluent as D. much fluently than5. The baby is sleeping. please speak _. (2013聊城聊城) A. loudly B. clearly. C. quietly D. politely6. David was so excited at the good news that he could say a word.(2013临沂临沂) A. nearly B. hard C. ever D. hardly 7. There has never been such a beautiful village _ in the world. (2013杭州杭州) A. anywhereB. everywhere C. somewhere D. nowhere8. How do you like the talk show? I think its _, but some people think its so_.（2013绥化）绥化） A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring9. How often do you chat with your friends online? _. Im busy with my study.（2013菏泽）菏泽） A. Only one month B. About twice a month C. Almost every day D. Maybe in two weeks10. I carried the bowl with both hands _, so that I wouldnt break it.(2013德州德州) A. carefully B. happily C. quickly D. carelessly 11. The _ you work at your lessons, the _ results you will get. (2012)A. hard; good B. harder; good C. hard; better D. harder; better12. How will the boss be back? In these days. (2012)A. far B. soon C. long D. often13. I work hard this term, but Peter works much _. (2012) A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest14. Mary heard somebody call her, so she turned _ to see who it was. (2011) A. off B. out C. up D. around15. After practicing for several months, I can swim much _ now. (2011) A. slower B. slowest C. faster D. fastest16. Are you satisfied with the result of the exam? Not at all. I cant have _. (2011)A. a worse one B. a better one C. the worst one D. the best one 17. The boy doesnt speak _ his sister, but his written work is very good. (2011) A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than 18. _ all the students in his class, Xiao Ming writes _. (2010) A. Of, most carefully B. In, the most carefully C. Of, very carefully D. In, much more carefully19. Did you find the small village yesterday? (2010)Yes, without any difficulty, for it has _ changed over years.A. hardly B. greatly C. clearly D. nearly20. The boy doesnt speak his sister, but his written work is very good. (2010) A. as well as B. so good asC. more better than D. more worse than21. The Internet is very useful for us. We can _ find information. (2010)A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly22. Would you like some coffee? No, thanks. I _ drink coffee. Coffee is bad for my stomach. (2010)A. almost B. already C. hardly D. still23. Who did English homework better, Leo or Nick?Leo was more careful. I think Leo did _ Nick. (2010)A. as good as B. as well as C. better than D. worse than24. I _ ride a bike to school. But this morning I took a taxi because I got up late. (2010) A. never B. sometimes C. seldom D. usually25. We havent decided _ well go to Shanghai next week. (2010) A. where B. when C. why D. how Look at the two pictures and talk about how the town has changed. Use the word to help you.big buildings busy houses modern more narrow shops streets tall traffic treesThe sample answers 1. There are more cars in the street today than it was 50 years ago.2. The buildings are much taller, much more beautiful and much newer. 3. The streets are much wider.4. The environment is much better. 5. I can see people are much busier than before.6. The life is much better than before.7. There are more shops than before.EnvironmentPersonal healthStudyWrite the words in the correct position diet education fitness homework illness medicine nature pollution revision traffic weathernature pollution traffic weather compositioneducationhomeworkrevisiondietfitnessillnessmedicineRead the passage on Page 23 and find three examples of things that made life harder in the past than it is today.1. People lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no space for children to play. Families in those days were quite big. A whole street had to share one outside toilet.2. The pollution from factories covered the streets. People put their rubbish outside in the streets. As a result, there were many diseases. 3. Children didnt always go to school, because they had to work. They did dangerous and unhealthy jobs for little money. Many were hurt in accidents from the machines. 1. _, so families were big in Victorian times.2._, so many houses were small.Read the passage again. How do we know thatThere were five children in one family They lived very close to each other, with no space for children to play and they had to sleep in houses of just two rooms3. _ _, so there was no indoor toilet for each house?4. _ _ _ so people werent healthy.A whole street had to share one outside toile Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy and there were many diseases,5. _ so they didnt go to school.6. _ _so factory work was dangerous.Children had to work hard,Many children were hurt in accidents from the machines, Some difficult points: be interested to do something thousands of people/ hundreds of/ millions of instead of something/instead of doing something close to: near The sound of gun was much closer to us. as a result/ as students/ as you know/ as everybody is here etc. very little/ only a little/ very few/ only a few be pleased/ glad to do something/ be pleased/ glad that clauseGrandmotherMotherStarted schoolLeft schoolUniversityStarted workGot marriedChildrenFinished/Finish workListen and complete the table.861418noyes1422182450551 child, at 25 4 children, first at 19 The grandmother had eight brothersand sisters so she had a bigger family.She started school when she was older,but she left school earlierWrite a passage comparing their lives.Organising a debate about life in the pastStep 1: Work in groups. Read the subject of the debate.Children should never work.Now decide who is for the subject of the debate and who is against it. You can use some of the following ideas:ForAgainst extra money for the family stop children from being bored teach children the value of work help children to become independ
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