GeneralLaboratorySafetyTraining：一般实验室安全培训

VA New Jersey Health Care SystemSeptember 2009 This training presentation has been created for those who work in a laboratory environment. Due to the fact that each laboratory is different the material contained will be supplemented by the policies and procedures in your specific laboratory. New Jersey HealthCare SystemIntroductionLaboratory safety is the key to reducing injury and illness. Due to its nature there are many types of exposures in the laboratory that can pose a hazard to your health and safety. Proper training is essential so you, as the employee, will be aware of the potential dangers that may threaten your health or lifeIntroductionAs you proceed with this training module, you should develop a better understanding regarding the concept of safety and how the basic concept of safety should be a part of every aspect of your life. NJHCS has an obligation to protect every individual working at the facility. In addition, there are various regulations and regulatory agencies that impact on the NJHCS. Compliance is not only mandatory but essential to protect the health and safety of all individuals and also protect our environment. Agency InformationLets take a look at several of the different agencies that are involved with our work at the NJHCS. National Institute of Health (NIH)Regulates laboratories that use or contain recombinant DNA. They specify the practices for constructing and handling the rDNA.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Regulates laboratories that use or contain infectious agents. They are focused on protecting personnel and the laboratory environmental from exposure to infectious agents. They also focus on preventative measures by adhering to strict containment guidelines. Agency InformationAgency InformationOSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration )OSHA primarily monitors Hazardous Materials, Hazard Communication, Bloodborne Pathogens, and Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories . OSHA guidelines require monitoring work conditions and eliminating physical and health hazards at the work place. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Agency InformationThe EPA regulates the chemicals and wastes that we generate and store. Many hazardous chemicals are used in laboratories that can pose a threat to humans, animals, plants, and the environment if not disposed of properly. There are also biohazard wastes that are regulated and must be properly disposed of. This responsibility may be delegated to or shared with the NJ State DEP.Agency InformationNJHCS Safety Section and GEMS ProgramThe Safety Office and the GEMS Program plays a large role in overseeing the various activities that take place at each facility. They both serve as a resource and can assist in the interpretation of laws and regulations, and maintain up-to-date records of current health and safety standards. The duties range from fire safety , general and laboratory safety, environmental compliance and emergency response. Why Training?Training is by far the most important aspect of safety. Training not only reduces illness/injury but also increases worker efficiency and awareness. Training is required by regulation and NJHCS is committed to fulfilling this requirement. Eliminating hazards and increasing awareness is our goalWho is in Charge of Training?Everyone has a role to play in training. Each individual is responsible for participation in the training, comprehending the information, and utilizing the information for their specific duties. Your supervisor is in charge of providing proper and effective training. The Safety Office and GEMS Program can provides assistance to departments in achieving regulatory compliance and developing proactive strategies. Introduction to the LaboratoryLets Get Started! Working in a laboratory can be an exciting experience. It can also pose many threats and hazards. That is why it is important to know your surroundings. Know where the exits to your work area are located. There may be more than one exit which could be critical in the case of an emergency. Your supervisor will review the emergency action plan including the escape route procedures for your room. Know Your Surroundings Know the location of the fire extinguishers and any other equipment such as fire blankets in your laboratory. In order to fight a fire one must undergo the proper training. NJHCS personnel are encouraged to not fight fires. In the event of a fire, follow the procedures outlined in the hospital policy and procedures. Essentially the first response is to activate the fire alarm and evacuate the area. Use any phone to dial X3000 to notify the VA Police. It is their job to dispatch the fire department. Know Your Surroundings Know where the fire alarm is in proximity to your laboratory. Is it right down the hall? If there is a fire, a quick response is the best response. Have your supervisor show you the closest alarm. Your fire safety training will detail the safety procedures for your lab. Many laboratories contain hazardous substances. A hazardous substance is defined as a material/substance that poses a physical or health hazard. This includes both chemicals and biological agents. A Biohazard is defined as any organism that is capable of replication and is capable of causing disease in human, animal or plant. There are differences between a physical hazard and a health hazard. Lets take a look. Know Your Surroundings A health hazard has the following characteristics:Know Your SurroundingsCarcinogen Toxic or highly toxicReproductive ToxinsIrritantsCorrosivesSensitizersHepatotoxinsNephrotoxinsNeurotoxins A physical hazard has the following characteristics:Know Your SurroundingsExplosiveFlammableOxidizerPyrophoricOrganic peroxideCompressed gasCombustible liquidUnstable (Reactive)Water-reactiveWhen physical hazards and health hazards exist, it is very important to know where the eye wash/safety shower is located. Unexpected accidents do occur and knowing where to go at the time of an emergency can reduce injury/illness.Know Your Surroundings First aid kits have a variety of quick relief items. If your lab has a first aid kit, find out where it is. If more than first aid is needed, it is recommended to go to Employee Health Clinic or the Emergency Room for further treatment. Know Your SurroundingsWhen there are chemical, biological, or radioactive agents being used, an emergency spill kit should be available. If there is a spill kit in your lab, find its location. Further Spill information will be addressed later in this presentation.Know Your SurroundingsEach laboratory has a telephone in a designated area for use. . The emergency contact numbers are posted on the “Basic Staff Response to Disaster/Emergency Events, or System Failure Sheets” that are posted throughout each facility and the information is also available on our web page. Know Your SurroundingsKnow What Hazards are PresentEach lab is faced with different hazards. There could be exposure to biological, chemical, or radioactive material, which may pose a variety of physical and/or health hazards. This training will be primarily focusing on biological hazards and some chemical hazards. Lets look at these hazards a little closer.Hazards in your LabAn infectious agent is an organism capable of producing infection or disease in human, animal or plant.Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is defined as molecules that are constructed outside living cells by joining natural or synthetic DNA segments to DNA molecules that can replicate in a living cell or molecules that result from the replication of those described above.Hazards in your LabA biological hazard includes an organism or material of biological origin that could potentially cause harm to humans, animals, or plants.Infectious agents pose a threat because these agents can cause illness or death to both people and animals. Special precautions must be taken to reduce the potential release of these agents. Each laboratory that is using an infectious agent must conduct additional lab specific training which will inform you about the hazards of the specific agents used in your laboratory. Hazards in your LabInfectious agents fall under CDC guidelines. The proper safety precautions to take will depend on the organism you are working with or exposed to. These are designated at different Biosafety Levels (BSL). The more pathogenic the agent, the more stringent the safety precautions are. Hazards in your LabIn labs that work with infectious agents the safety precautions will vary depending on the Biosafety Level (BSL). Different Biosafety Levels may require different safety equipment, the facility (lab) design, and different procedures and protocols. Hazards in your LabBiosafety levels will be discussed in detail by your supervisor during your Lab Specific Training.Hazards in your LabrDNA can also poses a threat to human and animal health. Depending on the molecules that are being manipulated, the hazards will vary. rDNA can be manipulated using cultures, animals, plants, and also humans. The risk will depend on several factors including the organism and the media being used. The containment levels will depend on the organisms that carry the recombinant DNA. Hazards in your LabThe term containment in the laboratory setting is defined as the confinement of a biohazardous agent that is being cultured, stored, manipulated, transported, or destroyed in order to prevent or limit its contact with people and/or the environment. Methods used for containment include physical and biological barriers and inactivation using physical or chemical means.The requirements for containment methods are integrated into the biosafety levels. Hazards in your LabChemicals can pose a significant hazard. They should be limited to the use under a properly working fume hood. Chemicals can release hazardous fumes which not only harm the environment, but they can be a major health threat. They must be handled carefully and disposed of properly. Hazards in your LabWhen a chemical is in the laboratory, the hazards of that chemical must be communicated to you. According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), a Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is required to relay information regarding procedures, equipment, PPE, and work practices that are capable of protecting employees from health hazards. Your supervisor is responsible for providing the information contained in the CHP to you.Hazards in your LabLab SafetyThe following guidelines have been established to minimize the hazards in a laboratory setting. It is important to take responsibility for your actions and to keep in mind that irresponsible acts could have lasting future effects. The next portion of the training is a review of laboratory protocols and is meant to remind you of responsible conduct in a laboratory setting. As the hazards increase, the risks increase, and your responsibility must increase. Lab AttireNo open-toed shoesNo shorts unless a lab coat is usedRestrain hair when working with hazardous materialsRemove protective clothing in when you leave the labUse the proper Personal Protective Equipment for the jobYou should remember the following:Personal HabitsDo not eat, drink, smoke, chew gum or apply cosmetics, or remove/insert contact lenses while in the laboratoryDo not store food or beverages in the lab or in chemical refrigeratorDo not mouth pipetteWash hands before leaving laboratory and after handling contaminated materialPersonal habits play a large role in minimizing hazards. The following measures must be taken:Safe PracticesThese safe practices should be followed to ensure safe working conditions:Do not use chipped or cracked glasswareWhen working with hazardous materials, have a second person nearbyKnow emergency proceduresKeep the laboratory neat and cleanUse hazardous chemicals under a fume hood and biohazardous materials in a biosafety cabinet (BSC)Decontaminate as neededAll procedures should be performed to minimize aerosol Know details/location of your vital Laboratory Information! Each lab contains an Emergency Action Plan which is required for emergency situations. This is used to inform staff of the procedures to follow in the event of an emergency. Laboratory Information The labs that are using infectious agents and/or rDNA are also required to have the Biosafety Manual available. Specific guidelines for research are outlined in this manual. If any questions arise regarding regulations, this manual should be used as a resource.Laboratory Information The Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is similar to the Hazard Communication Program, but this is specifically for laboratories with chemicals. The plan is meant to provide information regarding procedures, equipment, PPE, and work practices that are capable of protecting employees from health hazards. For example, if you are working with acids, it would be nice to know what personal protective equipment is necessary and what health hazards are associated with it. Laboratory InformationChemical HygieneMethods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemicals.Physical and health hazards Measures employees can take to protect themselves from hazardsDetails of the CHPAccording to the laboratory standard, for those labs that have chemicals the following training topics must be addressed:Methods and observations used to detect the presence or release of chemicals will be specific to your lab. A good indication of the presence of a chemical is to rely on your senses. Can you see it or smell it? Is a monitoring device needed to detect it? This can be important information if the chemical is an asphyxiant and pushes oxygen out of the room you are in. Chemical Hygiene Plan Chemical HygieneProtection against chemicals is a combination of work procedures or practices, emergency procedures, and PPE. Some chemicals can only be handled under certain conditions. It is important to use proper handling procedures and practices as advised. The emergency procedures for chemical accidents is to first evacuate the area and then notify your supervisor, VA Police and the Safety Section if necessary.Chemical HygieneEach lab that has chemicals will have a lab specific Chemical Hygiene Plan. This plan will detail the procedures and practices for your specific location. It is your responsibility to make sure that you review the CHP.It is important to know as much about a chemical as possible. Therefore, proper labeling is the most important source of information. The most dangerous substance is the one that has no label. Communicating information is essential in the field of science. LabelingLabeling is also required for chemicals that are in a secondary container unless it is to be used only by you during your shift. When labeling the secondary container the following information must be included:LabelingIdentity of the hazardous chemicalAppropriate hazard warningsName and address of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party. Besides labeling, the Laboratory Standard also requires the use of a document called an MSDS. Lets look more closely at the MSDS and see what it contains. MSDSMSDSMSDSThe second most important type of communication regarding hazards is the MSDS. MSDS is the acronym for Material Safety Data Sheet. This will communicate the information necessary regarding hazards associated with chemicals and also biological agents. So what is an MSDS? An MSDS is a document that relays vital information about certain chemicals and biological agents. Lets look at the content of the MSDS! MSDSReading the MSDSEach component of the MSDS is broken down into sections. Each section goes into detail about what precautions to take and the characteristics of the substance. This is for both chemicals and biological agents. Why is an MSDS important? When you know the characteristics about a substance it can aid in precautionary measure to take when using it. Also, if there is a spill either on a surface or on your skin, the MSDS can supply you with the information needed for first aid. Laboratory InformationMSDSThe MSDS to every chemical in your lab must be available to you. It may be in a binder in your lab or a computer database . Make sure you know the location of the MSDSs in your work area. MSDSs are also available by fax from MSDS-On-Demand.MSDSMDSDS-ON-DEMANDThe Exposure Control Plan is required for the labs that have exposure to human blood or Other Potentially Infectious Material (OPIM). This includes human blood or human blood products and items such as semen or vaginal secretions. Included in the list are fluids such as: cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal and amniotic. Saliva and body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood also is considered OPIM. Exposure Control PlanExposure Control PlanThe Exposure Control Plan is established so that a determination can be made and compliance methods can be implemented to protect workers. Requirements for HBV vaccination, post-exposure evaluation and follow-up are included. Proper documentation and recordkeeping are also essential. If you are working with human blood or OPIM, you must talk with your supervisor and locate the Exposure Control Plan.Personal Protective EquipmentWhat is PPE?PPE is short for personal protective equipment. This is the equipment that is necessary will protect you from hazardous and biohazardous materials. PPE would include gloves, safety glasses, lab coat, shoe covers, respirator or any other item that could protect you from dangerous materials that you may encounter in the lab. Knowing what to use and when to use it is the key to properly protecting yourself. There could be situations that would be more of a risk and require more PPE than others. The next few slides will help you in determining what you should be using!When to use PPEChemical usage poses a variety of hazards. They can be flammable, corrosive, even toxic just to name a few. Taking all precautions to avoid physical and/or health problems is the number one goal. You can never be too cautious!When to use PPEChemicals & PPEWhen chemicals are being used there is always the possibility of splashing. The proper PPE to use when chemicals are involved would include:Safety glassesGlovesRespirator (depending on the chemical and the exposure duration)The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for an 8 hr. shift can be obtained from the PEL/BEL reference guide. Contact the Safety Section if questions arise. Biological agents as well as rDNA can pose serious health problems. Pathogens can cause disease and possible death in animals and humans. Containment of the agent/material and proper handling techniques are the best methods for minimizing risks that are associated with biological hazards. rDNA can also be a threat depending on the host and the vector that is being used. PPE is only one way that you can protect yourself. It is your responsibility to ensure that the proper PPE is used. When to use PPEWhen biological agents and/or rDNA are being used the following PPE must be used:Biological Agents & rDNA PPESafety glassesGlovesLab coatRespirator (Depending on the agent and whether or not an aerosol is created)Animals have the ability to bite and scratch unlike many of the other hazards. This can be of concern when the animal is infected and can transmit disease to a human. This is called zoonotic. To avoid infection, proper handling procedures must be utilized. The appropriate handling in combination with the PPE can help to reduce risk.When to use PPEAnimals & PPEWhen animals are being used the following PPE must be used: Gloves-Should be worn at all times handling animals.Lab coat-Needed to protect clothing and used as a barrier. To prevent the pathogen from leaving the lab, the lab coat must be worn and must not leave the lab or animal facility.Safety glasses-May worn to prevent possible injury to the ey