大学英语六级写作讲义与PPT内容一致

大学英语六级写作讲义与PPT内容一致目 录第一章 知彼知己2第一节 大纲要求2第二节 评分标准2第三节 薄弱环节3第四节 解题步骤3第二章 真题类型4第一节 现象类4第二节 观点类4第三节 应用文5第三章 万能句型6第一节 现象类6第二节 观点类13第三节 信函类14第四章 典例演练17第一节 现象类17第二节 观点类21第三节 应用文24第一章 知彼知己第一节 大纲要求根据全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2006年11月出版的大学英语六级考试大纲（2006修订版）：写作部分所占分值15%。要求考生在30分钟内根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于150词的短文。写作选用考生所熟悉的题材，要求思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。第二节 评分标准五眼定乾坤第1眼：整体：第2眼：段首句：第3眼：逻辑词：第4眼：词汇：第5眼：句型：六级写作采用总体评分方法，阅卷人员先就总体印象给出奖励分，然后根据具体情况对分数进行适当调整。评分时按照满分15分计算，最后，再换算成标准分。评分标准共分五个等级：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分，各有标准样卷一份。阅卷人员若认为与某一分数等级相似，即定为该分数，若阅卷过程中发现该作文稍优或劣于该分数，则可加1分或减1分。各分数档的评判标准如下：2分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。在总体评分原则的指导下，六级作文的评分强调5项标准，即书写清晰、内容切题、文字连贯、语言规范和词句多变。注：白卷、作文与题目毫不相关、或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达任何思想，则给0分。字数不足，酌情扣分：只写一段总分不超过4分，只写两段总分不超过9分（指规定的三段式作文）。第三节 薄弱环节1. 看不懂题目要求？2. 无思路？中文都不知怎么写？3. 中文知，但英文表达不出或错误？4. 英文表达出但得分低？第四节 解题步骤第1步：审题要求第2步：构思提纲第3步：英文表达第4步：检查修改第二章 真题类型第一节 现象类【例1】2010年6月份真题Due Attention Should Be Given To the Study of Chinese1. 近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象2. 出现这种现象的原因和后果3. 我认为.【例2】2006年6月份真题Travelling Abroad1. 近十年来某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游2. 出现这种现象的原因3. 这种现象可能产生的影响现象类构思提纲第1段：描写现象。第2段：利弊分析 / 探究原因。第3段：建议措施。第二节 观点类【例】2007年6月份真题Should One Expect a Reward when Doing a Good Deed1. 有人做好事期望得到回报2. 有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报3. 我的观点观点类构思提纲第1段：提出观点第2段：论证观点（一种观点或两种相反观点）第3段：举例说明 / 进行选择第三节 应用文【例】2004年6月份真题For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the poor service of a bookstore. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信。信中必须包括以下内容：1. 事情的起因2. 与书店交涉的经过3. 呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量信函类注意事项1）信函格式2）信函内容3）语言特点第三章 万能句型第一节 现象类第1段：描写现象1. 现在，某某现象在中国非常普遍。例如，越来越多的人流行做某事。基本句型Nowadays, the phenomenon of _ has become very popular in China. For example, it is fashionable for more and more people to do sth.亮点替换2. 在中国存在一个普遍的现象，即_。这体现在以下事实中:_。基本句型There exists a popular phenomenon in China that _, which can be demonstrated in the fact that _.亮点替换3. 现在，越来越多的人倾向于做某事。基本句型Nowadays, more and more people tend to do sth.亮点替换第2段：分析利弊1. 毫无疑问，_具有很多优点。基本句型There is no doubt that _ has many advantages.亮点替换2. 但是，尽管有以上好处，我们也不能忽视_所带来的弊处。基本句型However, despite the above benefits, we cannot ignore the defects it has brought.亮点替换第3段：提出建议（利弊分析）1. 我认为，利还是大于弊，我们应该理性对待。基本句型In my view, the benefits far outweigh the defects, and we should treat _ reasonably.亮点替换2. 好的方面应该被保持和发扬光大。基本句型The good aspects should be kept and carried forward.亮点替换3. 不好的方面应该被防止并进一步消除。基本句型The bad aspects should be avoided and further eliminated.亮点替换4. 只有通过这样，我们才能在利弊之间保持平衡。基本句型Only by these can we keep a balance between the advantages and disadvantages.亮点替换第2段：探究原因1. 有很多原因来解释这种现象。基本句型There are many reasons to explain this phenomenon.亮点替换2. 最主要的原因如下：其一；其二；其三基本句型The main reasons are below:First, Second, Third,亮点替换第3段：提出建议（不好现象）1. 我认为，我们应该采取措施以避免这种坏的现象。基本句型In my view, we should take steps to avoid the above bad phenomenon.亮点替换2. 国家应该颁布法律法规以严重惩罚这些产生不好现象的人。基本句型It is imperative for our government to issue some relevant laws to severely punish those who _.亮点替换2. 教育专家和家长应该培养人们相关意识或提供帮助。基本句型Educational experts and parents should cultivate the relevant awareness of sb. that _.亮点替换3. 我们自己也需要有意识地做到某事。基本句型We ourselves also need to do sth.亮点替换4. 只有通过这样，我们才能够保证拥有一个健康/全面/可持续发展的社会。基本句型Only by these can we assure a _ society in the future.亮点替换补充：描述图表1. 从上图我们可以看出，人数/比例从某年至某年增加/减少/保持持平。基本句型From the above picture, we can see that _.亮点替换2. 本图反映了以下事实/现象：基本句型The chart has reflected the following fact / phenomenon that _ / of _.亮点替换第二节 观点类第1、2段：提出观点1. 现在针对某事产生了一场激烈的争论。 一些人认为. 然而，还有一些人认为基本句型Currently, there is going on a hot debate about sth.Some people think that _.However, the other people think that _.亮点替换第1、2段：论证观点正反论证重要性正是有了.我们才能.如果没有了.我们便.基本句型It is _ that enables us to do sth.Without _, we would _.亮点替换第3段：进行选择我认为，我更倾向于支持前者或后者。因为.基本句型In my view, I prefer the former / the latter for the following reasons.亮点替换第三节 信函类写作格式：1. 称呼2. 正文3. 客套语4. 署名写作提纲：第1段：自我介绍，提出目的。第2段：列举具体原因、条件、建议、事项等。第3段：再表谢意或歉意，表达希望或期待。第1段：自我介绍+写作目的基本句型作为/代表_，我写此信的目的是为了_.As / On behalf of _, I am writing this letter to / I would like to _.1）感谢为了_表达我最诚挚的感谢express / extend / convey my sincerest gratitude for sth.2）投诉为了_表达我的不满或失望express my dissatisfaction or disappointment about sth.3）道歉为了_表达我最诚挚的歉意express my heartfelt regret / apology for sth.4）祝贺因为_向您表达我衷心的祝贺express my sincere / heartfelt congratulations to you for your doing sth.5）欢迎因为_向您表达我最热烈的欢迎express my warmest welcome to you for your doing sth.6）询问询问有关_的一些信息inquire some information about sth.7）寻物要求您帮助我寻找_，这是我在某时某地丢失的。request your assistance in finding my _, which has been lost during my stay at your hotel.8）求职申请您在某报上刊登的职位apply for the position which has been listed / advertised in China Daily.9）辞职告知您我决定从当前职位辞职inform you of my decision to resign from the current position.10）推荐推荐某人作为某职位的理想候选人recommend sb. as the ideal candidate for the qualified manager.11）请求请求获得您的允许，让我去做某事request for your permission so as to allow me to do sth.12）邀请询问您能否参加某项活动inquire whether it is possible for you to participate in _, which will be held 时间地点.13）建议针对某事给出一些有建设性的建议offer you some constructive suggestions / proposals concerning _.第2段：具体原因、条件、建议1）具体原因具体/主要原因如下：The main/major/detailed reasons/factors/driving forces are as follows:2）具体条件我想知道，您是否方便考虑以下条件。I wonder whether it is convenient for you to take the following requirements into consideration.3）具体建议为了_，在此给您提出一些有建设性的建议或意见供您参考。In order to / that _, here are some constructive suggestions / tips / proposals for you to follow.第3段：表达感激、道歉、希望、期待等1）表示感激您能抽出时间考虑此事我将不胜感激。Your time and consideration in this matter would be highly appreciated.2）道歉不便我为给您带来的不便深感歉意。I feel terribly/extremely/extraordinarily sorry/regrettable for the inconvenience which Ive caused to you.3）要求解决我强烈要求您能尽快解决此问题。I strongly request that you can deal with this matter as soon as possible / at your earliest convenience.4）要求探讨我真诚地希望能与您详细探讨此事。I sincerely hope that / It is my sincere hope that we can discuss this matter in further details.5）表达希望我真诚地希望您能同意我的辞职/以上建议能够对您有所帮助。I sincerely hope that / It is my sincere hope that you can approve of my resignation / the above proposals are of any help to you.6）表示期待我期待您能尽早给予回复/尽早到来。I look forward to your favorable reply at your earliest convenience / your early arrival.第四章 典例演练注：1. 考生须在牢记万能模板基础之上再进行以下练习；2. 由于真题最具代表性，因此此部分选择真题进行演练，考生在熟练掌握真题基础之上另行总结不同类主题词汇即可。3. 为避免句型结构单一，例文中使用了与万能模板有所差异的表达，以供考生灵活掌握。第一节 现象类【典例1】2011.06真题Certificate Craze要求1. 现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试近年来，考取证书已成为人们，尤其是年轻人，所讨论的热点话题，与此同时对此也展开了激烈的争辩。In recent years, to get a certificate has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.要求2. 其目的各不相同许多因素可以解释这个问题，但下面是最为关键的一些。越来越多的大学生开始相信，获得证书能直接有助于他们在未来获得工作机会或提升机会。就业的压力使大学生更倾向于获得各种证书。更重要的是，许多家长和老师相信额外的教育活动具有明显的优势。他们认为，通过准备考试，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，这些将使他们在未来的工作市场中位于有利的地位。A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones. College students in growing numbers are beginning to believe that get a certificate contributes directly to enhancing their future job opportunities or promotion opportunities. The pressure of employment makes college students be more inclined to get various certificates. Whats more, many parents and teachers believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By preparing certificate test, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge，which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets.要求3. 在我看来对我而言，经过深思熟虑之后，我赞成更为理性地对待证书这个话题，因为证书不一定就能证明自己的能力。疯狂、盲目地获得证书肯定会使我们浪费时间。学生应加强对能力的重要性的认识。最后，我们应着重于提高我们的能力，而不是仅仅获取不具备实用价值的证书。After a thorough consideration，for my part，I am in favor of being more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily prove ones ability. Being crazy in getting certificates blindly will definitely leads to wasting of time. The students should enhance their awareness of the importance of ability. To conclude, we should focus on improving our ability but not getting a certificate with no practical value.【典例2】2010.06真题Due Attention Should Be Given To the Study of Chinese要求1. 近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象随着全球化的脚步，大多数学生的注意力已经从中国文化转到了外国文化。这种转变给人们带来巨大的忧虑，因为它不利于中国文化的发展。Along with the step of globalization, most students attention has shifted from Chinese to foreign cultures. Such a shift has brought about great worries among people because it is not good for the development of Chinese culture.要求2. 出现这种现象的原因和后果有几个原因可以解释这种现象为什么会发生。首先，全球化极大地刺激了外来文化的传播，从而激起中国学生极大的兴趣；其次，大学生在某种程度上被迫学习一定的外语以通过考试或找到好工作，这使他们无法抽出时间学习中文；最后，学校没有严格要求学生的汉语水平。毫无疑问，忽略对中文的研究将最终阻碍中华文化的发展，在这样一个竞争的世界中，中国人可能会失去我们的文化。There may be several reasons accounting for why this phenomenon could happen. First and foremost, the globalization greatly stimulated the spread of foreign cultures, which in turn stirred great interest among Chinese students. Secondly, college students are, to some extent, forced to study certain foreign languages so as to pass exams or find good jobs so that they could not spare any time to study Chinese. Last but not least, schools have no strict demand on students Chinese standard. No doubt, neglecting the study of Chinese will ultimately hold back the development of Chinese culture, and we Chinese people may lose our cultural identity in such a competitive world.要求3. 我认为.为了改变这种局面、拯救我们的国家，我们应给予中文研究应有的重视。首先，政府应该努力促进对中国文化的发展，使越来越多的人为之感到自豪；此外，高校应使考试更加平衡，而不是简单地强调外语的重要性；最后，学校还应注重对中文的研究，将其设为必修课程。我认为，通过这些努力，是非常有希望改变这一现象的。In order to change this situation and save our country, due attention should be given to the study of Chinese. To begin with, government should put great efforts on the development of Chinese culture to make more people proud of it. Besides, colleges and universities should make exams more balanced, not simply emphasizing the importance of foreign languages. Finally, schools should also attach great importance to the study of Chinese, making it a compulsory curriculum. Through these efforts, I think, chances of changing this phenomenon are prosperous.【典例3】2006.06真题1995200020051万人近4万12万以上Travelling Abroad要求1. 近十年来某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游从表中我们可以看到，在过去10年中，某城市中出国旅游的人数已大大增加。特别是近5年来，这个数字已经超过三倍，从40000涨到了120000。From the table, we can see that in the past 10 years, the number of people in a given city who have gone traveling abroad has increased considerably. Especially in the recent 5 years, the figure has been more than tripled, surging from 40,000 to 120,000.要求2. 出现这种现象的原因产生这一变化有几个原因。首先，随着经济的发展，越来越多的人变得更加富有。进行出国旅游的经济能力越来越大了。其次，在过去这10年中，旅游业也有了极大的发展。旅行社不仅提供国内服务也提供境外旅游服务。此外，现在人们会受到其他人的鼓动去国外扩大视野以与面对全球化的现实世界。他们希望以这种方式来了解世界各地所发生的变化。There are several reasons accounting for this change. Firstly, with the development of economy, more and more people become better off. And their ability to finance their trip abroad is growing. Secondly, tourism has greatly developed over the last decade. Travel agencies offer not only domestic packages but also travel specials abroad. In addition, individuals today are expected and encouraged to go outside to widen their horizon and to face the real world of globalization. In this way they hope to keep themselves informed of what is going on around the world.要求3. 这种现象可能产生的影响从图表中所反映的变化，我们可以预测出国旅游的人数还会增加。这会令人鼓舞地和不可避免地促进我们和世界其他地区之间的文化交流，而且这种趋势是不可逆转的。From the changes reflected in the table, we can predict that the number of individuals going out of the country will boost. This encouragingly and inevitably facilitates the cultural exchange between ours and the rest of the world and this trend will be irreversible.【典例4】2008.12真题How to Improve Students Mental Health要求1. 大学生的心理健康十分重要现在越来越多的大学生患有心理问题，如抑郁症和焦虑症，这给他们带来了极大的伤害。首先，这些问题影响了他们的正常学习和生活。一些学生无法安心学习，对未来持有相当悲观的态度。更糟糕的是，有些学生可能会情绪失控，做出一些伤害自己或他人的行为。毫无疑问，心理健康对于大学生的全面发展来说是非常重要的。此外，只有拥有健康的心态，大学生才能承受较大的压力并且克服越来越激烈的竞争。Nowadays more and more college students are suffering from mental problems, like depression and anxiety, which are bringing great harm to them. First of all, these problems influence their normal studies and lives. Some students cannot concentrate on their study and hold quite pessimistic attitude towards their future. Even worse, some students might lose control of their emotions and do some behaviors of hurting others or themselves. Undoubtedly, mental health is very important to the all-around development of a college student. Moreover, only with a healthy mentality, can college students withstand great pressure and go through the increasingly fierce competition.要求2. 因此，学校可以.考虑到这一问题的严重性，采取有效措施以帮助大学生保持心理健康是一件非常紧急的事情。首先，学校官方应加强对学生进行心理教育和指导。此外，学校应组织更多的活动，为学生提供更多的机会以缓解压力。Considering seriousness of the problem, it is an urgent thing to take effective measures to help college students keep healthy psychologically. First of all, school authorities should strengthen psychological instruction and guidance on students. Moreover, schools should organize more activities and provide more chances for students to ease their pressure.要求3. 我们自己应当.此外，我们大学生自己也可以采取一些措施以防止心理问题，例如多参加集体活动、多与他人进行交流。一旦出现问题，我们必须学会面对它们，并且必要时求助于专业指导。只有这样大学生才能健康成长和发展。Besides, we college students can take some precautions to prevent mental problems, such as attending more collective activities and making more communication with others. And, once a problem appears, we must learn to confront them and turn to professional guidance when necessary. Only in this way can college students grow and develop healthily.【典例5】2006.12真题The Importance of Reading Classics要求1. 阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要众所周知，书籍，尤其是经典书籍，能够超越时间和空间的限制，为我们提供宝贵的智慧和知识积累。我们可以从中享受到许多轶事、了解异国文化和传统、经历偶像们传奇、神奇的生活，使自己每天都在进步。As we all know, books, especially the classical, present the precious accumulation of wisdom and knowledge beyond the limitation of time or space, from which we can enjoy numerous anecdotes, get to know exotic culture and tradition, experience the legendary and miraculous life of our idols and make ourselves better men day by day.要求2. 现在愿意阅读经典的人却越来越少，原因是.然而，人们，尤其是年轻人，似乎只会长时间将那些经典书籍存放于书架上，这可以归因于各种因素。一方面，现代人要应付工作或生活的快节奏以与不可避免产生的压力；因此，他们很难抽出时间来读书。另一方面，人们往往更多地以物质为中心，包括社会地位、财富的数量或得到提升的前景，这就掩盖了阅读经典书籍的重要益处。Nevertheless, people, especially the young, seem to have stored those classical books merely on the shelf for an unbelievably long time, which can be attributed to various factors. On the one hand, modern people have to cope with the quick pace and unavoidable stress of their work or life; therefore, they can hardly devote time to reading books. On the other hand, people tend to be more material-oriented involving their social status, amount of wealth or prospects of getting promotion, which eclipse the important benefits from reading classical books.要求3. 我们大学生应该怎么做我认为，对于大多数大学生而言，阅读一些经典书籍是必不可少的，尤其是那些充满生活动力和睿智思想的书籍，它可能无法保证短期之内就能得到回报，但却会给他们带来深远的回报。To me, it is essential for most undergraduates to read certain classical books, especially ones filled with life-long motivation and sagacious thoughts, which may not guarantee them short-term returns but will bring them far-reaching reward.第二节 观点类【典例6】2003.01真题It Pays to Be Honest要求1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象虽然诚实被认为是一种美德，但我们的社会中仍然有一些不诚实的人存在。例如：有些商人向消费者销售假冒产品；有些学生考试会作弊。不诚实的人是目光是短浅的。那些销售假冒产品的人第一次可以赚钱，但消费者不会再次购买他们的产品了。因此，他们将失去他们的财富，甚至被送进监狱。相比之下，诚实的人会得到很多东西。Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake products to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers wont buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot.要求2. 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实那些总是说实话或遵守承诺的人，不仅让别人信任他们，而且也得到他人的尊重。这些人肯定有很多的好朋友。因为他们是值得信赖和尊敬的，人人都渴望与他们交朋友。此外，一个有良好记录的人比较容易获得一份好的工作。一般来说，每个雇主都希望自己的员工是诚实的。所以我们可以说，任何诚实的人都会有好报的。总之，诚信赢得信任、尊重和荣誉。所以很重要的一点是，我们应该诚实。Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later. In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. So it is important that we should be honest.【典例7】2009.12真题Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?要求1. 对这种做法有人表示支持由于希望自己的孩子能够成为同龄人中的精英，现在越来越多的家长将孩子送去参加各种艺术课程，想让他们学习更多的知识。对此，有些人坚持认为，让孩子们参加艺术课程是一件有益的事情。这样，孩子们不仅可以学习到一些有用的艺术技能，而且可以有机会将自己的兴趣最大化，还可以拓宽他们的思维。此外，孩子们还可以结识很多朋友，因而也会锻炼他们的沟通技能。Hoping that their kids can become the cream of the crop among others, nowadays more and more parents send their kids to various art classes to let them learn more. Some people hold a firm position that it is a beneficial thing for kids to attend art classes. There, kids can not only learn some art skills that may be helpful for them someday, they can also get a chance to expand their interests to a great extent, and their minds can also be broadened. Besides, kids can also make a lot of friends there, thus their communication skills may also be sharpened.要求2. 有人并不赞成而对于其他人，他们则持相反的观点。他们认为父母不应该违背孩子意愿，而盲目地送他们去艺术班，因为这肯定会给孩子带来负面影响。在父母的眼里，孩子应该被给予更多的时间去放松和做他们感兴趣的事情。孩子也需要自由，因为孩子自己不接受的艺术课程肯定会消除孩子的本性。因此，送孩子去上这些课程无疑会伤害他们。While for the others, they hold an opposite opinion. They think parents should not send their kids to art classes blindly against kids will, because this will get a definitely negative impact on kids. Kids, in these parents eyes, should be given more flexible time to relax and do whatever they are interested in. And kids also need freedom because unacceptable art classes will absolutely eliminate the nature of kids. Thus, sending kids to these classes will undoubtedly hurt them.要求3. 我认为.任何事情都具有两面性。就我而言，我认为在送孩子去上艺术班之前应该认真考虑他们的兴趣。孩子们应该给予足够的自由去自行发展。父母到底是否应该送孩子去艺术班，这还要看情况。Every coin has two sides. As far as I am concerned, I think childrens interests should be taken into careful consideration before being sent to art classes. Children should be given enough freedom to develop by themselves. Whether parents should send their kids to art classes, it depends.【典例8】2007.06真题Should One Expect a Reward when Doing a Good Deed要求1. 有人做好事期望得到回报当被问与做了好事之后是否应该指望得到报酬时，不同的人持有不同的看法。有人认为做好事应该得到奖励。他们解释说，如果没有适当的报酬，那些做了好事的人有时会发现自己处于各种困境。例如，为了帮助那些有需要的人，他们往往要牺牲自己的很大一部分收入，甚至会陷入贫穷。When asked about whether or not one should expect a reward when doing a good deed, different people hold different views. Some argue that there should be a reward for a good deed. They explain that without proper and proportionate reward, those who have done good deeds may sometimes find themselves in various di