2022学年初三英语考点专项练习09 动词和动词短语

内装订线学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_外装订线2022学年初三英语考点专项练习09 动词和动词短语考点九 动词和动词短语命题趋势： 动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战2019年中考时，考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。中考考查重点：1. 动词辨析；2. 动词短语辨析。考向一：动词的分类分类特点例句实义动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。He works hard. 他工作努力。连系动词本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。They look the same. 他们看起来一样。助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。I dont speak English. 我不说英语。情态动词本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。May I come in? 我可以进来吗？考向二：实义动词分类用法例句及物 动词能直接跟宾语She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。【知识拓展】1. 单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。Im sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起，我忘了你的地址。2. 双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。3. 接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4. 接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。5. 接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。不及物动词不能直接跟宾语He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳考向三：连系动词分类常用词例句表示主语的状态、特征和身份等be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明)Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续)The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while youre going around. 参观时要保持安静。What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one?I hope it will _ like a book.A. tasteB. soundC. lookD. smell【答案】C考向四：助动词be人称数现在时态过去时态现在分词过去分词第一人称单数amwasbeingbeen复数arewere第二人称单数arewere复数arewere第三人称单数iswas复数arewere【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1. be+现在分词构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2. be+及物动词的过去分词构成被动语态。The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。助动词do形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形dodo notdont第三人称单数doesdoes notdoesnt过去式diddid notdidnt【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I dont like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。2. do+动词原形构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。助动词have形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形havehave nothavent第三人称单数hashas nothasnt过去式hadhad nothadnt【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We havent seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了考向五：动词的甚本形式形式规则变化例句一般现在时第三人称单数一般情况在动词后直接加-slooklooks；workworks以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-escatchcatches；gogoes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-esstudystudies；trytries现在分词一般情况在动词后直接加-ingreadreading；gogoing以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ingsee seeing；toetoeing以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ingloveloving；writewriting以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ingcutcutting；putputting少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y再加-ingdiedying；lielying过去式和过去分词一般情况在动词后直接加-ed askasked；helphelped以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-dlikeliked；livelived以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-edcrycried；studystudied以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stopstopped；planplanned考向六：动词短语构成方式常见短语动词+冠词+名词give a concert开音乐会，give a tea进行测试，have a rest休息，have a picnic野餐，have a try试一试，keep a record保持纪录，leave a message留言，make a face做鬼脸，make a living谋生，make a speech进行演讲，pay a bill付账，take a risk冒险动词+名词catch fire着火，keep watch守望/值班，make repairs维修，play sports做运动，take action采取行，take measures采取措施，take place发生/举行动词+名词+介词catch hold of抓住，catch sight of看见，make contributions to对做贡献，make room for给腾地方，make use of利用，pay attention to注意，take advantage of利用，make contact with和接触/联系，take pride in以为豪动词+介词+名词come into use开始使用，get into trouble陷入麻烦，play with fire玩火/冒险，wait in line排队等候 动词+宾语+介词+名词bring. to mind使想起，put. into use应用，put. into practice实行/实施，take. for example以为例动词+副词+介词add up to合计达，break away from脱离，come up with想出/提出，catch up with赶上，追上，go ahead with开始，着手，go in for参加/追求，go along with一起去，hold on to坚持，keep away from远离，look down upon瞧不起/轻视，put up with忍受/容忍，run out of用完Spring has come. We cant _ the plan. The trees must be planted this week.A. put offB. make upC. come up withD. look up【答案】A1. I want to be a basketball player when I grow up, and my parents _ my dream very much. A. develop B. imagine C. remain D. support2. The colours of the dress _ her very well. Yes, red _ her characteristics. A. suit; matches B. match; suits C. suit; suits D. match; matches3. How can I pass the exams, Mr. Right? Well, you _ a lot of hard work first. A. offer B. spend C. waste D. require4. Do people in your community _ each other? Yes. People are ready to _ others problems. A. help; help B. help with; help C. help; help with D. help with; help with5. Why do Chinese people use red paper to make Spring Festival couplets(春联)? Because they think red can _ people good luck. A. make B. take C. bring D. get6. How was the chess competition last week, Jack? Bad luck! David beat(击败) me in the competition and _ first place. A. shared B. touched C. won D. broke7. How long can she _ the book? Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. return8. Eating lots of vegetables and enough meat can _ you healthy all the time. A. have B. get C. keep D. stay9. My grandfather is over seventy years old. He is very well because he always _. A. stays up B. sleeps late C. plays computer games D. takes exercise10. What should I do if my parents dont agree _ me? Youd better find a chance to communicate _ them. A. with；on B. to；with C. to；to D. with；with1.（2017安徽）It is necessary for schools to _ the need of all the students development. A. cutB. hideC. refuseD. satisfy2.（2017山东青岛）These oranges look nice, but _very sour. A. feelB. tasteC. soundD. look3.（2017山东德州）While travelling in a strange place, youd better _ the local people and follow their customs（习俗）. A. watch B. change C. control D. teach4.（2017山东泰安）If you always _ yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure. I agree, we should believe in ourselves. A. compare B. complain C. connect D. consider5.（2017苏州）Sorry, Ive forgotten your name. Can you _ me? Im Daniel. A. remind B. receive C. respect D. remember6. （2017四川南充）Many young people usually offer their seats to the old on the bus. Thats good. The old should be _. A. looked for B. listened to C. depended on D. cared for7. （2017安徽）Our geography teacher told us to _ more information about our city and share it next week. A. find outB. keep away C. turn offD. use up8.（2017山东青岛）You can _ the word in the dictionary if you dont know it. A. give awayB. cut off C. take afterD. look up9.（2017湖北随州）The teacher asked the students to _ a story about a trip to the moon. A. give up B. turn up C. cut up D. make up10.（2017湖北宜昌）What do you think is important for the players on a team? Its to play together and _ the best in each other. A. bring out B. look up C. believe in D. blow out11. （2018年江苏省无锡市中考）I dont have much money, but Id like to buy my dad something really special, if you know what I _.A. want B. care C. mean D. prefer12. （内蒙古包头市2018年中考）I know what you are thinking about. I can _ your mind from the look on your face.A. stayB. spareC. readD. attend13. （2018年湖北省恩施州中考）Have you seen the movie Titanic, Wangwei?Yes. The music in it _.A. looks greatB. sounds greatC. feels great14. （2018年贵州省安顺市中考）I think young phubbers（低头族）are supposed to _ the time they spend _ their smart phones. A. cut off；in B. cut down；on C. cut up；on D. cut in；in15. （2018山东省滨州中考）People now in many big cities have to _ early to avoid the heavy traffic in the morning.A. set out B. put out C. take out D. give out 16. （河北省2018年中考）Can you help me _ the pen? Its under the chair.A. ask for B. look for C. pick up D. put up17. （天津市2018年中考）I am afraid we can not _ to take a taxi. Lets go by underground instead.A. refuse B. afford C. forget D. fall18. （江西2018年中考）The food is very delicious in that restaurant. We could go and _ it.A. sellB. helpC. produceD. try19. （湖北省宣昌市2018年中考）A research suggests that walking helps people live longer.I quite agree, but it _ on when and how they walk.A. remains B. separates C. returns D. depends20. （甘肃省白银市2018年中考）I cant find my English textbook.Is it possible that you _ it at home?A. lostB. sawC. leftD. gave1. （重庆市万盛经济技术开发区2017届九年级期末）We should _ the light when we leave the room. Yes. We must learn how to save electricity. A. turn up B. turn on C. turn off D. turn down2. （山东泰安2017年中考模拟）Many people in this area are used _ going to bed late, but I dont. I pay more attention _ my health. A. to; on B. for; on C. to; to D. for; to3. （山东省临沭县青云镇中心中学2016-2017学年期末）The old songs always _ me of my childhood. I have the same feelings. A. explain B. remember C. remind D. hurry4. （湖北省武汉市2017届中考模拟押题卷）Your clothes seem to get all wet. Yes. My umbrella was broken and it didnt _ away from the rain. A. protect B. provide C. keep D. produce5. （江苏省无锡市南菁高级中学实验学校2017届九年级期中）According to the rule, children should _ a nearby school to receive education in Nanjing. A. enter B. afford C. support D. present6. （云南省大理市2017年中考模拟）Lets do something for our parents. Good idea. We should _ our parents love for us. A. create B. promise C. value D. allow7. （湖北省武汉市第二中学广雅中学2017届九年级月考）Whats the matter? I cant stand the loud music here. Its nearly _ me mad. A. keeping B. driving C. turning D. giving8. （江苏省盐城市响水县2017届九年级中考二模）They all said that the man caused the accident, but he _ he had nothing to do with it. A. advised B. insisted C. supposed D. doubted跟踪训练1. D 【解析】句意：我长大后想当一名篮球运动员，我的父母非常支持我的梦想。A. develop 发展；B. imagine设想；C. remain保留；D. support支持。故选D。3. D 【解析】句意：Mr. Right，我怎样才能通过考试呢？好吧，你首先需要努力学习。根据句意，结合动词区别，offer提出，提供；spend花费；waste浪费；require需要，要求。故答案为D。4. C 【解析】句意：你们社区的人们彼此帮助吗？是的。人们乐于帮助其他人解决问题。help sb帮助某人，help with sth帮助某事，help后加帮助的对象，即人；help with后加帮助的事件。help sb with sth,帮助某人某事。结合句意及结构，故选C。5. C 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：为什么中国人用红纸做春联？因为他们认为红色能给人带来好运。A. make制作；B. take拿走；C. bring带来；D. get获取，得到。结合句意和语境可知选C。6. C 【解析】句意：杰克，上周的象棋比赛怎么样？真糟糕！大卫在比赛中击败了我，取得了第一名。A. shared分享；B. touched 触摸；C. won获胜；D. broke击败。由beat me(击败我)可知，大卫赢得了第一名，win the first place取得第一名，win的过去式为won，故答案为C。7. C 【解析】句意：这本书她可以保存多长时间？2周。How long提问的是一段时间，句子中应使用延续性动词。故选C。8. C 【解析】句意：吃很多蔬菜和足够的肉能让你一直保持健康。保持用keep。故选C。9. D 【解析】句意：我爷爷70多岁了。他身体很硬朗因为他总是锻炼。锻炼用take exercise。故选D。10. D 【解析】句意：如果我的父母不同意我的观点，我应该怎么办？你最好找一个机会和他们交流一下。agree with sb同意某人的看法；communicate with与某人交流。故选D。真题再现1. D 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：对于学校来说满足所有学生发展的需求是必要的。A. cut砍，切，割；B. hide隐藏；C. refuse拒绝；D. satisfy满足。结合句意，故选D。2. B 【解析】考查系动词的用法。句意：这些橘子看起来很好但是尝起来非常酸。A. feel感觉；B. taste尝起来；C. sound听起来；D. look看起来。这四个选项都是感官动词，后面加形容词。根据sour是一种味道，故选B。4. A 【解析】句意：如果你总是把自己和其他人进行比较，你可能就会有大量的压力。我赞同，我们应该相信我们自己。A. compare 比较级；B. complain 解释；C. connect 联系；D. consider考虑。comparewith 把和进行比较，结合句意，故选A。5. A 【解析】考查动词的词义辨析。句意：对不起，我忘了你的名字。你能提醒我吗？我是丹尼尔。A. remind 提醒，使记得；B. receive收到；C. respect尊重；D. remember记得，想起。故选A。6. D 【解析】考查动词短语的用法。句意：许多年轻人经常在公交上为老人让座。那是很好的。老人应该受到关心。A. looked for寻找；B. listened to 听；C. depended on依靠；D. cared for关爱，关心。结合句意，故选D。7. A【解析】考查动词短语的用法。句意：我们的地理老师告诉我们找出关于我们市的更多的信息，以便下周分享。A. find out找出，查出；B. keep away远离，离开；C. turn off关闭；D. use up用光。结合句意，故选A。8. D 【解析】考查动词短语的用法。句意：如果你不知道这个单词你可以在在字典中查阅它。A。give away捐献；B. cut off切除；C. take after相像；D. look up查阅（在资料等中）。结合句意，故选D。9. D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：老师要求学生编一个去月球旅行的故事。A. give up放弃； B. turn up出现；C. cut up切碎；D. make up组成， 编造；根据句意故选D。10. A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你认为对一个球队的球员来说什么是重要的？就是一起合作，而且彼此展示出最好的一面。A. bring out拿出来，引申为展示出来；B. look up寻找；C. believe in信任，相信；D. blow out吹熄。根据句意和语境，故选A。11. C【解析】句意：我没有很多钱，但是我想给我爸爸买点特别的东西，如果你明白我的意思。A. want想要；B. care关心；C. mean意思是，意味着；D. prefer更喜欢。前面的句子就是表达自己的观点与想法，故答案为C。13. B【解析】句意：你看过电影泰坦尼克号吗？是的，其中的音乐听起来很棒。A. 看起来很棒B. 听起来很棒C. 摸起来很好，音乐只能听起来很好，故选B。点睛：本题主要考察了感官系动词的用法，感官系动词主要有look, feel, smell, sound, taste,其后都加形容词来说明主语的状况、性质等，分别表示看起来，摸起来，闻起来，听起来，尝起来。14. B【解析】句意：我认为年轻的低头族应该减少他们在智能手机上的时间。cut off切除；cut down减少； cut up切碎；cut in插嘴，干预。结合句意可知，句子第一个设空处中缺少缩短一词， spend time on sth. 在某事上花费时间，故答案为B。15. A【解析】句意：在许多大城市的人们不得不早早出发，避免早晨拥挤的交通。A. set out 出发；B. put out 扑灭；C. take out取出；D. give out分发。结合句意可知，答案为A。16. C【解析】句意：你能帮助我捡起这个钢笔吗?它在你椅子下面。考查动词短语辨析题。A. ask for请求；B. look for寻找；C. pick up捡起；D. put up张贴。根据句意语境，可知pick up捡起符合语境，故选C。17. B【解析】句意：恐怕我付不起出租车钱。让我们改坐地铁吧。本题考查动词。A. refuse 拒绝； B. afford 付得起，承担得起 ；C. forget忘记； D. fall落下； 砍倒。根据句意选B。18. D【解析】句意：那家饭馆的饭菜很可口。我们可以去试一试。考查动词词义辨析题。A. sell销售；B. help帮助；C. produce生产；D. try尝试。根据句意语境，可知try合乎句意，故选D。19. D【解析】句意：一项研究表明散步有助于人们长寿。我很同意，但这取决于他们什么时候走，怎么走。考查动词短语辨析题。A. remains保持；B. separates区分；C. returns返回；D. depends依靠。it depends视情况而定；depend on依赖于/取决于；根据句意语境，可知选D。20. C【解析】句意：我找不到我的英语课本了。你可能把它忘在家里了吧？本题考查动词辨析。A. lost遗失；B. saw看见；C. left丢失、离开；D. gave给。根据题干Is it possible that you _ it at home?可以推知，课本可能是忘在家里了，leave sth. at/in/on a place：把某物留在某地，句中忘的动作发生在过去，所以用leave过去式left，故答案选C。模拟检测2. C 【解析】句意：这个地区的很多人都习惯晚睡，但我不喜欢。我更注重我的健康。be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；pay attention to关注，注重。结合句意可知，答案为C。3. C 【解析】句意：这些老歌总是使我想起我的童年。我也有相同的感觉。A解释；B记起；C使想起；D匆忙。故选C。4. C 【解析】句意：你的衣服好像都湿透了。是的，我的雨伞坏了，它没有遮挡雨。protect保护；provide提供；keep保持，保存；produce生产。这里keep away from是固定短语，远离，回避。根据句意可知选C。5. A 【解析】句意：根据规定，在南京的孩子们应该进入一个附近的学校来接受教育。A. enter进入；B. afford支付；C. support支持；D. present礼物。故选A。6. C 【解析】句意：让我们为父母做些什么吧。好主意。我们应该重视父母给我们的爱。A. create创造；B. promise承诺，许诺；C. value珍惜，重视；D. allow允许。孩子们应该珍惜父母的爱。故选C。7. B 【解析】句意：发生了什么事？我受不了这里吵闹的音乐。快把我逼疯了。A. keeping保持； B. driving 推动，发动（机器等），驾驶（马车，汽车等），驱赶；C. turning 变得；D. giving给。drive sb. + 形容词，意思是：逼迫/推某人，故选B。8. B 【解析】句意：他们都说那个人造成了交通事故。但是他坚持说此事与他无关。A. advised建议；B. insisted坚持；C. supposed猜测；D. doubted怀疑。故选B。