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专题08 动词和动词短语丢分题详解【2019 广西贵港中考】Joe, dont eat too much ice-cream. OK, mom. But it really good. A. feelsB. looksC. tastesD. sounds【参考答案】C【试题解析】feel 感觉起来;look 看起来;taste 尝起来;sound 听起来;四个词都是感官动词,根据句子里dont eat too much ice-cream,不要吃太多冰淇淋可知冰淇淋是好吃的,用感官动词taste。故选C。丢分探因此题考查系动词的用法,准确把握语境并掌握住这几个词的含义和用法,是做这道题的关键。feel感觉;taste尝起来;sound听起来;look看起来。这几个词后面都跟形容词作表语。学生平时应注意积累常见系动词的用法。查漏补缺连系动词分类常用词例句表示主语的状态、特征和身份等be(是),look(看起来),seem(似乎),feel(感觉),appear(出现),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态,但侧重于转变后的结果turn(转变),become(成为),get(得到),grow(增长),go(去),fall(跌落),come(来),prove(证明)Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后,情况变得越来越糟糕。表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变keep(保持),remain(仍旧),stay(保持),continue(继续)The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while youre going around. 参观时要保持安静。丢分题详解【2019 江苏省淮安】Those young firemen were brave enough to _ the fire in the forest. A. work outB. put out C. hand outD. look out【参考答案】B【试题解析】句意:那些年轻的消防队员足够勇敢地扑灭了森林中的大火。A. work out解出,算出;B. put out熄灭;C. hand out上交;D. look out小心。根据Those young firemen were brave enough及the fire in the forest.可知是扑灭大火。根据题意,故选B。【2018湖北黄冈中考】 IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Iwanttodropit.Englishisveryimportantinourdailylife.Never _.A.giveupit B. give it up C.giveawayit D.giveitaway【参考答案】 B【试题解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:我发现英语很难学,我想放弃。英语在我们的日常生活中很重要,由此推知后句意为“不要放弃。”give up放弃;give away赠送;背叛。据此推知give up符合句意,give up是动词加副词构成的短语,代词作其宾语必须位于give up之间。故选B。丢分探因此题考查动词短语,掌握住这几个短语的含义是做这道题的关键。另外需要掌握住,动词短语中间有代词时,代词需放中间。一般说来,在英语中,动词加上on,in,off, over, back, up, down, away, out等所构成的短语都是动词+ 副词结构的动词词组。此时须注意其宾语的位置:名词宾语既可放在短语中间,也可放在短语后面;但是人称代词宾语(宾格)只能放在短语中间。查漏补缺动副短语中的动词有的是及物动词,因此,后接宾语时不需要加介词,加上副词后,该副词可以进一步说明动作的结果,从而,使得句意表达得更加准确。这些动副短语必须接宾语,但对其位置有一定的限制,如果宾语是名词,既可以放在短语的中间,又可以放在短语的后面;如果宾语是代词,就只能放在两词的中间了。Youd better pick the students up before 7:00. 你最好在7点前把这些学生接上车。Can you pick me up at 7:00? 你能在7点时接我吗?人称代词me做宾语要放在pick和up的中间。如果动副短语中的动词是不及物动词时,则该短语不可以加宾语。例如,May I come in? 我可以进来吗?come是不及物动词,所以,come in后无宾语。初中生应掌握的动副短语主要有:bring out 取出 cut down 砍倒 clean up清扫,收拾干净climb down/up 爬下/上 come back/go back 回来/回去 come round(走)过来 come out (花)开,出来 come over顺便来访 eat up 吃光fall asleep 睡着 fall behind 落后 fall down 跌倒 give back退还 get back 取回 go out 外出grow up 长大 hurry up赶紧 knock down 击倒look out 小心 look around 环顾,到处看 look up 查找 open up 开设,开放,开业 pass on 往前传递 put sth. down把放下来put away 收拾好 put on穿上 put up 举起run away 逃跑,逃走 slow down 减缓,减速 set off出发,动身turn on/off 打开/关上 turn up/down 调大/调小take out取出 think over 考虑 take off 脱下,把拿掉 take away 拿走work out算出 write down 记下 wash away 冲走 wake up唤醒 丢分题详解 【2019 大庆中考】How long will it _ you to fly to Beijing from your hometown? A. spendB. takeC. payD. use【参考答案】B【试题解析】句意:从家乡坐飞机到北京要花费你多长时间?A. spend花费钱或时间,主语是人;B. take常指花费时间,用在“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”这一句型中;C. pay花费金钱,主语是人;D. use使用。本句考查的是“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”这一句型。故答案为B。丢分探因本题考查易混动词辨析,考生掌握住cost, pay, take和spend的区别,就能做对这道题。四个单词均可表示“花费”,但所用主语不同:cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;pay 的主语只能是人,常与for连用;spend 的主语也只能是人,构成spend on sth.或spend in doing sth.;take的主语常常是形式主语it。查漏补缺cost /pay/ take /spend的区别:cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;pay 的主语只能是人,常与for连用;spend 的主语也只能是人,构成spend on sth.或spend in doing sth.;take的主语常常是形式主语it。如:The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元。I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天来找你。It took him an hour to write the letter. 他写这封信花了一个小时。She paid 10 yuan for this book. 她买这本书花了10元钱。丢分题详解【2019 四川省达州市】Can I _ Robinson Crusoe? Mrs. Zhao. Sure,its very interesting,but you can only _it for two weeks. A. borrow;lendB. lend;borrow C. borrow;keepD. lend;keep【参考答案】C【试题解析】borrow借,强调借入,短暂性动词;lend借,强调借出,短暂性动词;keep也有借的意思,强调保管,延续性动词;Can I borrow Robinson Crusoe?强调借入,所以用borrow;由句子中的for two weeks第二个空应该用延续性动词keep,故选:C。丢分探因做这道题的关键是掌握住borrow,lend和keep的用法区别:【易混辨析】 lend借出非延续性动词,表示主语把东西借给别人,常用结构:lend sb sth或lend sth to sb borrow借入非延续性动词,表示主语向别人借东西,常用结构:borrow sth from sb keep借(多久)延续性动词,表示借某物多长时间,与表示一段时间的时间状语连用【图解助记】查漏补缺一、keep作及物动词,意为使保持(某种状态)、使得时,常用于以下几种结构: 1. keep+宾语(由人或物充当)形容词。Keep your hands clean. 手要保持干净。 2. keep宾语副词。What have kept you awa for so long? 什么事使你离开这么久? 3. keep宾语v-ing。Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。 4. keep宾语v-ed。Keep the door clsed. 让门关着。 5. keep宾语介词短语。Dont keep your hands in your pockets. 不要把手插在口袋里。 二、keep作及物动词,后接名词作宾语,构成动宾结构,意为保存、保留、记(日记等)、经营(商店等)、遵守(诺言等)之意。I keep a diary in English.我用英文记日记。 She keeps a bllkstore.她经营一家书店。 Keep your word,please.请遵守你的诺言。 三、keep作系动词,其后直接跟形容词、副词或介词短语作表语,构成系表结构,意为保持某一状态Please keep quiet.请保持安静。 四、keep后接动名词和宾语,表示连续不断地做某事。The baby keeps crying all night. 那个婴儿哭了一夜。丢分点归纳1. 常见系动词的用法;2. 修饰代词的动副短语的用法;3. lie, lay, lie的用法辨析;4. borrow, lend, keep的用法辨析。中考题演练1.【2019 辽宁省本溪中考】Look at the dark clouds, and the wind is blowing strongly. It _that a big storm is coming. A. Sounds B. seemsC. feelsD. smells【答案】B【解析】本题考查的动词词义的辨析。从上下句的语境和句意可知,回答的是好像/似乎一场大暴雨即将来临。所给的四个答案分析:sound 听起来;seem 似乎,好像;feel 感觉;smell 闻起来,因此只有答案B符合本题意思要求,故选:B。2.【2019 湖北省宜昌中考】Did you the International Marathon in Lan Zhou on June 2, 2019?Of course. How exciting!A. watchB. reviewC. supposeD. discover【答案】A【解析】句意:你看2019年6月2日在兰州举行的国际马拉松比赛了吗?当然。太令人兴奋了!考查动词辨析。A. 观看(电视/比赛);B. 回顾;C. 设想;D. 发现。根据the International Marathon可知选A。3.【2019 襄阳中考】 What does Huaweis newest smartphone look like? Its wonderful! You can it in half just like closing a book. A. handB. passC. foldD. cut【答案】C【解析】句意:华为最新的智能手机是什么样子的?它太棒了!你可像一本书一样把它折叠起来。考查动词辨析。A. hand传递;B. pass经过;C. fold折叠;D. cut切割。根据in half just like closing a book就像合上一本书一样,可推知应是可以把它折叠起来,故答案选C。4. 【2019 河南中考】You cant change who you are by reading a book or change the way you act by watching a video. What _ is what you do, not what you know. A. includesB. decidesC. meansD. matters【答案】D【解析】句意:你不能通过看书来改变你是谁,也不能通过看视频来改变你的行为方式。重要的是你做什么,而不是你知道什么。A. includes包括;B. decides对作出抉择;C. means方式;D. matters重要性。本题考查what matters = what is essential/important重要的是;因此本题应该选择matters重要性。符合语境。故选D。5.【2019 南通中考】Excuse me, can you teach me how to this new word? No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully. A. proveB. pronounceC. prepareD. produce【答案】B【解析】句意:打扰一下,你能教给我怎样发出这个新单词的音吗?没问题。看我的嘴认真地听。A. prove证明;B. pronounce发音;C. prepare准备;D. produce生产,制造。根据下文No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully.可知上文是说发音。根据题意,故选B。6.【2019 江苏省无锡中考】Im going to add some tomato sauce to the salad, if you dont _. Not at all. Go head. A. careB. agreeC. mindD. insist【答案】C【解析】句意:如果你不介意的话,我要在沙拉里加些番茄酱。一点也不。加吧。A. care照料;B. agree同意;C. mind介意;D. insist坚持。根据Im going to add some tomato sauce to the salad, if you dont _. 如果你不_ 的话,我要在沙拉里加些番茄酱。和答语Not at all. Go head. 一点也不。加吧。可以推知,应该选择mind介意;符合语境。故选C。7.【2019 海南中考】Would you please _ your e-mail address? I missed it just now. No problem. Its fox163. com. A. repeatB. reviewC. record【答案】A【解析】repeat 重复;review 复习;record 记录;从句子I missed it just now,刚才我错过了可知希望对方在说一遍,也就是重复一遍,因此选repeat最合适. 其它两个选项不正确,故选:A。8.【2019 内蒙古呼和浩特中考】Jack, lets have a picnic after school. Sorry. I have _Frank to work on the biology report with him. A. Advise B. expected C. suggested D. promised【答案】D【解析】句意:杰克,放学后我们去野餐吧。抱歉。我答应弗莱克和他一起做生物学报告。A表示建议;B表示期待、盼望;C表示建议;D表示承诺、允诺。根据题干中Sorry可知杰克不能放学后去野餐,因为他承诺弗莱克和他一起去做生物学报告,其中promise sb. to do sth. 表示承诺某人做某事,故选D。9.【2019 湖北省宜昌中考】Shall we_the things we dont use to the people in need? Good idea. A. put offB. set out C. get intoD. give away【答案】D【解析】句意:我们将把不用的东西送给需要帮助的人吗?好主意。考查动词短语辨析。A.推迟;B. 出发;C. 进入;D. 赠送。根据句意语境,可知前面三项意思都与句意不合,故选D。10.【2019 湖北省宜昌中考】About 20 million people in the world have no enough safe drinking water. So we should how to deal with the problems of water. A. put onB. look after C. think aboutD. get on with【答案】C【解析】句意:世界上大约有2000万人没有足够的安全饮用水。所以我们应该考虑如何处理水的问题。A. 穿上;B.照顾;C. 思考;D. 继续。考查动词短语辨析。根据how to deal with the problems of water可知think about符合句意,故选C。11.【2019 贵州省安顺中考】I dont think teachers should give too much homework to_ the free time of students. Exactly! A. give upB. take up C. look upD. put up【答案】B【解析】句意:我认为教师不应该布置太多的家庭作业来占用学生的空闲时间。没错!考查动词短语。A. give up放弃;B. take up占用,占据;C. look up查阅,查字典,抬头看;D. put up建造,搭起,挂起。结合句意可知填take up;选B。12.【2019 四川省眉山中考】 Whats the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”? Let me the words in the new dictionary. A. look atB. look for C. look afterD. look up【答案】D【解析】句意:一带一路是什么意思?让我们在这个字典上查一下这个词。A.看;B.寻找;C.照顾;D.查阅。根据句意可知,表示“查阅这个单词”,故选D。13.【2019 江苏省南京中考】Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and _which university is the best for her to attend. A. put outB. stay out C. find outD. run out【答案】C【解析】put out扑灭;stay out留在户外;find out发现,找出;run out用光,根据句意蒂娜来中国是为了体验中国文化,找出哪所大学最适合她可知,要用找出,发现,其他选项语意不通,故选:C。14.【2019 广西北部湾经济区中考】John, please _your dictionary from the schoolbag and look up the new word. A. take awayB. take up C. take offD. take out【答案】D【解析】句意:约翰,请从书包里拿出你的字典来查这个新单词。考查动词短语。A. take away拿走、带走;B. take up占据、开始从事;C. take off起飞、脱下;D. take out取出、拿出。根据语境:请你的字典从你的书包里来查这个新单词,可知此处表达的是“取出、拿出”,结合选项可知D选项符合题意,故答案选D。模拟题检测1. (安徽省桐城市第二中学2019届九年级下学期第三次模拟).After a weeks discussion, they finally _ these agreements.A. agreed toB. agreed onC. depended onD. took down【答案】B【解析】句意:在一周的讨论后,他们最终同意这些协议。本题考查动词短语辨析。A. agreed to赞同某人的建议 B. agreed on: (两人以上) 就取得一致意见C. depended on取决于 D. took down取下; 拆卸; 记录,结合句意,故选B。2. (广东珠海市北大附属实验学校初中部2020届九年级上学期10月调研)I love this song by Liang Bo. Would you mind _ the TV a bit ? I cant hear it clearly.A. turning onB. to turn offC. turning upD. turn up【答案】C【解析】句意“我喜欢梁博唱的这首歌,你是否介意将电视声音调高一点?我不能听得很清楚”。turn on打开;turn off关闭;C.turn up调高(声音等)。第一空处,根据mind可知,用mind doing“介意做某事”,排除B和D;且根据I cant hear it clearly“我不能听得很清楚”可知,表示“调高声音”。故选C。3. (广东省江门市2019-2020学年度第一学期期中调研测试)Jim, long time no see! Where have you ?I Beijing with my parents.A. been; have gone to B. been, have been toC. gone; went D. gone; have gone to【答案】B【解析】 句意:吉姆,好久不见!你去哪里了?我和父母去北京了。考查be动词现在完成时的用法。注意与动词go 的现在完成时的用法的区别。have been (to)表示“去过”某地,人已回来。而have gone to表示“去”某地了,人还没有回来。因为谈论时当事人已从北京回来,故选B。4. (2019年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟) Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can _ any problem you face.A. put outB. hand outC. find outD. work out【答案】D【解析】句意:-生活是一段有困难的旅程,但有了细心和智慧,你就能解决你面临的任何问题。考查动词短语。A. put out熄灭,扑灭;B. hand out分发;C. find out发现,找出,查明;D. work out想出,解决,计算出。结合句意可知填work out;选D。 5. (河南省南阳市内乡县2019届九年级中招一模) The strongest people are not always those who win, but those who dont _ when they lose.A. set upB. cheer upC. give upD. show up【答案】C【解析】句意“最强壮的人不总是那些赢的人,而是那些当他们失败不放弃的人”。A.建立;B.使高兴,使振奋;C.放弃;D.出现。根据句意可知,表示“那些遇到失败而不放弃的人”,故选C。6. (安徽省桐城市第二中学2019届九年级下学期第三次模拟) Jack _ his father, because they are both easygoing.A. looks afterB. looks likeC. takes afterD. looks up【答案】C【解析】句意:杰克长得像他的父亲。因为他们两都很随和。本题考查动词短语辨析。A. looks after 照顾B. looks like可以用于所有场合,既可指人也可指物,只指外表看上去像C. takes after 意为“长得像,行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈,可解释为be similar to D. looks up查找,根据后文指的是性格很像,故选C。7. (2019年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考模拟)Whats wrong with Simon? He isnt at school today. His legs hurt. He was _ by a motorcycle this morning.A. treatedB. operatedC. hitD. cured【答案】C【解析】句意:-西蒙怎么了?他今天没来学校。-他的腿疼。今天早上他被摩托车撞了。考查动词辨析。A. treated对待,治疗;B. operated操作,手术;C. hit碰,撞,击;D. cured治愈,治好。根据上文“他的腿疼。”可知“今天早上他被摩托车撞了。”结合句意可知填hit;选C。8. (2019年广西省北部湾经济区中考英语模拟) Theboyhasagoodhabitto_allthethingsinrightplaces.A. putawayB. putupC. takeawayD. takeup【答案】D【解析】句意:这个男孩有一个在合适的地方开始做所有事情的好习惯。Put away 整理,收拾;put up 张贴,悬挂;take away带走,拿走;take up着手,开始。根据句意选D。9. (2019年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟)Whats wrong with Simon? He isnt at school today. His legs hurt. He was _ by a motorcycle this morning.A. treatedB. operatedC. hitD. cured【答案】C【解析】句意:-西蒙怎么了?他今天没来学校。-他的腿疼。今天早上他被摩托车撞了。考查动词辨析。A. treated对待,治疗;B. operated操作,手术;C. hit碰,撞,击;D. cured治愈,治好。根据上文“他的腿疼。”可知“今天早上他被摩托车撞了。”结合句意可知填hit;选C。10. (安徽蚌埠局属20192020学年第一学期第二次联考) What do you think of the sofa?Not bad, but it may too much space of our living room.A. take up B .put up C .open up D .make up.【答案】A【解析】句意:你认为这个沙发怎么样?不错,但是它可能占据了我们客厅太多的空间。Rake up 占据;put up搭建,张贴;open up打开;make up编造。根据句意选A。11. (安徽省淮西西区20192020学年第一学期期中) Though Huang Wenxiu lost his life in the accident, her family the things she did.A. take part in B. take an interest in C. take after D. take pride in【答案】D【解析】句意:虽然黄文秀在事故中牺牲了,但是她的家人为她做的事而自豪。Take part in 参加;take an interest in对感兴趣;take after像;take pride in引以为自豪。根据句意选D。12. (安徽淮南20192020学年第一学期期中联考) When you dont know a word, you can in a dictionary.A.look it over B.look up it C.look it down D.look it up【答案】D【解析】句意:当你不认识一个单词的时候,你可以在字典中查阅。Look over检查;look up查阅;look down瞧不起。根据句意应用look up,又look up是“动词+副词”结构的短语,代词应防在两者之间。13.(湖北武汉新洲区20192020学年第一学期期中联考) He caught the thief by himself on the bus. All of us _ him for his courage. A. enjoyed B. imagined C. admired D. warned【答案】C【解析】句意:在公交车上他独自一个人捉贼。我们所有人都仰慕他的勇气。Enjoy喜欢,享受;imagine想象;admire欣赏,仰慕;warn警告,告诫。根据句意选C。14.(人大附中2019年初三年级下学期质检题)Are you going to _ our English debating (辩论) team?Yes,I am.A. take part inB. joinC. join inD. attend【答案】B【解析】句意:你打算加入我们的英语辩论队了吗?是的,我打算加入。take part in参加,join加入,join in加入某种活动,attend出席。根据宾语our English debating team可知此处表示加入某种团体,故用join。故选B。
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