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单项选择题解题技巧 单项选择题是考查学生对句子的层次,对语法规则、词汇等掌握的情况,通过设定语境,词语或某些成分的位置变化等将考查知识与能力结合起来,突出语言的交际性、灵活性,实现知识与能力相结合的目标。有些题看起来似乎很难,很复杂,但只要学会掌握正确的分析问题的方法,那么,一切难题都是可以解答的。 要做好单项选择题,首先必须熟练掌握句型、固定搭配、习惯用法、语法等方面的基础知识。还应该了解一些解题技巧,提高解题的综合能力。下面从单项选择题的特点和解题技巧两大方面来分析:一、单项选择题的特点 单项选择题(multiple choice)是各种语言测试中最为流行的一种命题形式,中考英语试题也不例外。它是由题干(stem)、正确答案(key)、干扰项(distracters)组成。单项选择题是中考英语试题的必考题型,它融会了词法、句法、习惯用法、交际用语、常识于一体。涉及知识面广泛,考查内容多样全面。 近几年来中考英语单项选择题的命题内容出现一些新的趋势和热点。 (一)关注当时社会时事热点、体现了时代特色,增添了鲜明的时代气息。 ( ) 1.Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody _bad thing. (2004 上海) A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watches ( )2. _ chickens were killed because of bird flu (禽流感). (2004 昆明) A. A large number of B. The number of C. Much D. Thousand of (二)适应英语新课程标准理念,体现学科之间的渗透和综合意识。 ( ) 1. China lies _ the east of Asia and _ the north of Australia. (天津市) A. to, to B. in, to C. to, in D. in, on ( )2. Paper is mostly made of _. (2004 济南) A. metal B. glass C. wood D. silk (三)图表试题的出现有利于培养学生观察理解能力。 e.g. From the chart we know the average temperature (平均气温) of _ is the same as that of _. (2004 哈尔滨) A. July, August B. June, July C. February, March D. June, September 二、单项选择题的解题方法和技巧 (一)直接选择法:适合于考查固定搭配或习惯用法的题目。 在平时的学习中要求学生注意积累一些常见的固定句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词与形容词的搭配等等,对做题十分有利。 ( )1. We are now short _ fresh water. Something must be done to stop people _ polluting it. (2004 南通) A. for, to B. for, from C. of, to D. of. From 解析:根据be short of和stop. from doing something这两个固定结构,就可以选出正确答案D. ( )2. The children enjoyed _ very much last night. (2004 镇江) A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs 解析:由enjoy oneself 这一用法可知,正确答案选C。 ( )3. Mrs. Gao asked these boys _ so much noise. (2004 无锡) A. do not make B. not to make C. not making D. not to make 解析:由ask sb. not to do sth. 这一 固定形式可知,正确答案选D。 (二)排除法当我们是遇到十分熟悉的所谓固定搭配时,要从句子结构上或者句子意义上仔细分析,然后看清楚几个选项的细微差别,以免步入命题人设计的陷阱。对于貌合神离的4个选项,如不能快速选择答案,就采取各个击破,逐一排除原则,缩小选择范围。 ( )1. Could you tell me _ the bike without any help this morning? (南京) A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend 解析:根据宾语从句用陈述语序先将A,D排除,再根据句中时间状语this morning 判断,应使用一般过去时态排除B,正确答案为C。 ( )2. The Spring Festival is the most important holiday for Chinese people. It is like _ in the west. (2004 常州) A. May Day B. Thanksgiving Day C. Fathers Day D. Christmas Day 解析: 这4个选项从语法上都可以选择,但根据常识( Christmas is as important as the Spring Festival), 应当排除A,B,C,正确答案是D。 (三)分析比较法 适用于语法、句法较为复杂的题目,从时态、语态、语义、非谓语形式及同义词组等角度进行综合分析比较。 ( )1. The boy _ in the teachers office was found _ yesterday. A. standing, smoke B. standing, smoking C. stood, smoke D. stood, smoking 解析: 根据句意(站在教师办公室里的那个男孩昨天发现在抽烟)standing in the teachers office 是现在分词短语,在句中做定语用来修饰前面的the boy,有主动关系。The boy 与find 之间有被动关系,根据词组find sb. do / doing sth.的区别,通过分析比较,正确答案为B。 ( )2. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer _ for half an hour. (2004 陕西) A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. went 解析:因 for half an hour是表示延续的状语,谓语时态要用现在完成时,选D 不正确。has left 和has gone虽然是现在完成时,但leave, go 是短暂性动词,后面不能跟表示一段时间的状语,正确答案是C。 (四)关键词法 有些题目中的某个词对于快捷、准确选择起非常关键的作用,善于抓住关键词(key word)才能找到做题突破口。 ( )1. Janes mother was ill yesterday, so she had to look _ her. (2004 南通) A. at B. for C. after D. out of 解析:该题中ill 是关键词,问题迎刃而解,正确答案是C。 ( )2. -Whats wrong with my sons _? - He cant see things clearly. (北京市) A. eyes B. ears C. mouth D. nose 解析:依据题中关键词see, 就可以直接选出正确答案A。 (五)前后呼应法 此法适用于情景对话题中,对于对话所展示的情景,认真理解,联系上下文,前后呼应,选出符合英语习惯的答案,同时避免受汉语思维的影响和干扰。 ( )1. - Im taking my computer test tomorrow. - _. (2004 扬州) A. Come on B. Congratulations. C. Well done D. good luck. 解析:根据上文明天进行计算机测试 A. 加油 B.祝贺你 C.干得不错 D.祝你好运 显然正确答案是D。 ( )2. -By the way, have you got _ e- mail address? - Oh, yes. His is Hongsion . A. Jims B. an C. a D. / 解析:根据下文his 这个物主代词,不难发现正确答案是A。(六)利用对称法就是在做题过程中要善于利用and, but等并列连词。若前面是个句子,后面也必定是个句子,反之亦然;若连接的是几个动词,这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。例如:English has large vocabulary, hasnt it?Yes._ more words and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. know B. knowing C. to know D. known(七)适当转换句式法 有时将题干的句式转换成自己更熟悉的句式,就很容易选出正确答案。比如将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句,将被动句改为主动句,无序句调整为正常句。例如:Mr. Wang, whom would you rather_ the important meeting? A. have attend B. have attended C. having attend D. have to attend (八)补全省略成分法口语中常常会使用一些省略句,做题时若将被省略的成分补充完整,答案就会一目了然。例如:What do you think made Mary so upset?_her new bike. A. as she lost B. lost C. losing D. because of losing(九)注意标点符号 标点有时对我们做题有提示作用,不同的标点可能导致不同的答案,要求学生在做题时,一定要小心。例如:Her house ,_ was built a hundred years ago ,stood still in the earthquake. A. which B. that C. this D. it做单项选择题,利用以上所提供的九大解题技巧之外,还要要求学生平时多注意积累,有些比较不明显的短语搭配,在有限的时间里,要能够快速找出来;读多了,积累多了,才能培养做题的题感:当没有熟悉的单词及用法时,在已经排除之后,剩下的几项里,代入法,多读几遍。 2014年10月13日
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