高考常考词语辨析

词语辨析31.annoy, bother, trouble, disturbannoy指外界的干扰令人讨厌或无法忍受，或指某人故意去妨碍别人。bother打扰，麻烦，指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。如：May I trouble you with a few questions?disturb打扰，扰乱，指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏，精力一时不能集中。如：I am sorry to disturb you.32.answer, reply, respond用作动词，都可表“回答”，“答复”。answer是常用词，后可接letter(回信)，question(回答问题)，doorbell(开门)，telephone(接电话)，advertisement(应征广告)等。reply较正式，一般只作不及物动词，可与to连用。如：He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的问题。)respond作“回答”解，用得较少，也同to 搭配。如：He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了问题。)另外，respond还可表“对反应”，“响应”。33. appreciate, enjoyappreciate指对事物有深刻的理解能力并能鉴赏。enjoy是一般用语，仅指感官或智力上的满足，“享受”的意味较强。34. approve, proveapprove(1)赞成，同意。如：I dont approve of wasting time.(我不赞成浪费时间。)(2)批准，通过。如：The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。prove和approve词形相似，prove是“证明”，“表明是”等。35. argue, debate, disputeargue着重“说理”，“论证”，“企图说明”，且后可接that引导的从句。debate着重双方各自陈述理由，尤其是“公开地”、“正式地”辩论。如：The subject was hotly debated.dispute着重就分歧进行热烈的“争论”，含有“相持不下”或“未得到解决”的意味。如：He disputed with his wife on household expenses.36. arise, rise, raisearise表无形的东西(如困难，问题等)“出现”，“发生”。rise指具体事物的“上升”，“升起”，也是不及物动词。如：The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东边升起。)raise为及物动词，“使上升”，“举起”等。如：He raised his hand.(他举了手。)37. assure, ensure, insureassure以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生，后需连用人称代词或指人的名词作宾语。ensure表普通的“保证”。insure表“保险”，有时同ensure可以换用。38. awake, wake, waken都可作动词。awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用于比喻。wake常指“睡醒”，多为不及物动词。waken多用作及物动词，常指“吵醒”，“惊醒”。39. await, waitawait是及物动词。如：I await your further instructions.wait“等”、“等候”，是不及物动词，后常接介词for。如：I will wait for you at the school gate.40. award, prize, rewardaward, reward作动词。award意为“授予(奖品，奖金等)”，后面可跟双宾语；reward意为“报酬”，“酬谢”，只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。award, prize, reward作名词时，award常指奖金，奖品；prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖；reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。41. base, basisbase表事物的下部的底部，多用于具体事物。basis多用于比喻，主要指命题的基础。如：His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意见缺乏现实基础。)42. beat, winbeat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手，后接对手作宾语。Win作及物动词时，其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如：He has won the race.(他赢得了赛跑的胜利。)43. beneath, below, underbeneath表示同表面接触，与on 相对。Below表示“在下面，低于”，与above相对。under表示“在正下方”与over相对。44. beside, besidesbeside在旁边。如：Come and sit beside me.besides除之外。如：I have two other umbrellas besides this one.45. big, great, largebig强调体积，质量，容量和重量大。如：a big box。Big也有抽象意义，指重大的事件或行为。如：a big mistakegreat带感情色彩，多指程度和质量，指具体事物或人时，表“突出”，“引人注目”。如：a great manlarge多指面积，数目或数量大。如：a large population, a large number等。46. bloom, blossombloom多指供观赏植物的开花。如：The roses are blooming.blossom多指果树等植物的开花。如：The apple trees are blossoming.47. borrow, lendborrow借入。如：Can I borrow your pen for a moment?lend把借给。如：Can you lend me your bike?48. bring, takebring带来。如：Bring me some water, please.take拿走。如：Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her?49. calculate, compute, estimatecalculate通常指用数学方法进行比较复杂，难度较大的精确计算。如：You cant expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in astronomy.compute常指比较简单的运算。如：It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination.estimate估计，常指对数量、成本等事先进行判断或估计。如：Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next years rainfall.50. cheat, deceive, trickcheat欺骗，常用词，主要指为了自己的利益欺骗人。deceive表示隐瞒真相或以假相骗人。如：The boy deceived the teacher by lying.trick哄骗，表示耍手段进行欺骗，强调在行骗时使用计策，有时也指并非出于恶意的欺骗。如：Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval.51. childish, childlikechildish幼稚的。如：It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.childlike孩子般天真的。如：When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face.52. choose, pick, select, electchoose是一常用词，表一般的“选择”。pick通常用于不需要认真权衡，对比就能做出决定。select侧重“在同类的许多东西中，进行有斟酌的精选”。elect指选举或用其他方法推选人。53. cloth, clothingcloth布。如：I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.clothing衣服(总称)。如：Youd better give all the old clothing away.54. complex, complicated均可表“复杂”。complex为常用词。complicated为正式用词，表由于组成部分太多，相互关系太复杂而不能理解，语气很强。55. compose, consist, constitutecompose为常用词，常用被动语态，如用主动语态，主语应用复数形式。如：Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人组成陪审团。)consist表一个整体由几个部分组成(只能用主动语态)。如：The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(联合王国是由大不列颠及北爱尔兰组成。)constitute为正式用词，与consist相反，表由哪些部分构成整体。如：Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二个月。) 56. considerable, considerateconsiderable相当多的，可观的。如：He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了许多麻烦。)considerate 考虑周到的，体谅的。如：It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真体贴人，不打扰我们。)57. consistent, constant, continual, continuousconsistent一致的，符合的。如：His action is always consistent with his words.constant不断的，表示持续和惯常的重现，往往没有变化。如：He attributes his health to his constant exercise.continual频频的，不停的，时断时续，中间可有间歇。如：Continual smoking is bad for health.continuous不断延伸的，连续不断的，强调中间无间断。如：Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.58. crack, crashcrack(使)破裂，砸开。如：I can crack it, but I cant break it. (我能把它弄裂，但不能把它弄破。)crash摔坏，坠毁。如：The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飞机起飞不久就坠毁了。)59. crawl, creepcrawl多指蛇，虫类等身体沿地面或其他表面的动作。如：There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一虫子正在你的背上往上爬。)creep多指哺乳动物或人等用四肢爬行的动物偷偷摸摸无声缓慢的前行动作。如：They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我们迟到了，便悄悄地溜进教室。)60. cure, treatcure治愈，医治。如：The medicine will cure of your disease.(这药能治好你的病。)cure表示治好，treat只表示“给治病”。61. current, present均可表“现在”，“目前”。current强调在现阶段正在流行，通用，但不一定是最新的。如：current English (当代英语)present为常用词，指现在正在通用的，在时间上比current的范围更窄。如：Whats your present address?(你现住址是哪里？)62. custom, habit均可表习惯。custom为正式用词，多指社团或人们的习惯行为方式。habit为常用词，多指个人因多次重复而形成做某事的趋势或意愿。如：He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的坏习惯。)63. damage, destroy, harm, ruin均可表“破坏”，“损坏”。damage一般指部分性的破坏，含可修复使用。destroy指十分彻底的毁坏，破坏。如：The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整个城市被毁了。)harm多指带来悲痛，产生恶果的伤害，可以是肉体的也可是精神的。如：Doctors say smoking harms our health.(医生说吸烟对身体有害。)ruin为正式用词，强调由于自然力或时间的作用而逐渐损坏，用于比喻时也指彻底毁坏名声，期望等。如：She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在画上，把它毁了。)另外，ruin的复数形式ruins表“废墟”。64. decrease, reducedecrease多表示逐渐缩小。如：The swelling decreased daily.(肿胀日渐消退。)reduce为常用词，使用范围较大，可指尺寸，数量，规模和程度等，也可指地位，经济状况。如：He wont reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)65. dependent, independentdependent依赖的，依靠的(on, upon)。如：Success is dependent on your hard work.Independent 不依靠的，独立的(of)。如：John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.66. desert, dessert desert沙漠。如：Have you ever been to a desert?Dessert甜食。如：What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?67. discover, inventdiscover发现。如：A coal mine has been discovered in that area.invent发明，创造。如：A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.68. duty, responsibility均有“责任”之意，可换用。duty意义较广，多指发自内心的道德伦理上的责任感。responsibility着重指从道义或法律上对事件之后果负责。如：I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承担打破花瓶的全部责任。)69. effective, efficient均可表示“有效的”。effective常用以指物，强调能产生某种预期的效果。如：effective medicine, effective method等。efficient“效率高的”，“有能力的”，用以指人或物，着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期效果。如：The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德国的电话系统效率很高。)70. economic, economicaleconomic经济(学)的。如：the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说)economical节约的，节俭的。如：He is economical of money and time.71. electric, electrical, electronic三词都与电有关electric着重于发电的，电动的或导电的。如：electric generator(发电机)；electric light(电灯)electrical多指本身不产生电，但是与电有关的。如：electrical engineering(电机工程)；an electrical transcription(广播唱片)electronic 电子的，电子操作的。如：electronic engineering(电子工程学)72. emergence, emergencyemergence是emerge的名词形式。Emergency意为“紧急情况”，“突然事件”。73. everyday, every dayeveryday每日的，日常的(作定语)。如：This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.every day每天(作状语)。如：She gets up early every day.74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand都表忍受，忍耐。bear忍受，容忍，指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如：It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是难以忍受的。)endure忍耐，书面语，指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如：It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦难需要耐力。)stand忍受，与bear同义，但较口语化。如：She cant stand having nothing to do.(没事干，她受不了。)tolerate容忍，容许，指自我克制的态度，对于令人反感的事没有任何抗议。如：I cant tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果继续这样下去的话，我决不会容忍他。)withstand经受，承受，指顶住外来的压力和攻势。如：They have withstood all test.(他们经受了一切考验。)75. error, mistake, fault, shortcoming均表“缺点”，“错误”。error是通用词，指任何错误，“犯错误”可以说commit /make an error。mistake指判断或理解方面，或指因考虑不周而造成的错误，搭配是make a mistake。fault表示“过失”，可与error通用，现多用来指缺点，特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如：There is a fault in this machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)构成短语find fault with挑剔，找毛病。shortcoming 缺点，可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。如：In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(尽管他缺点多，我仍然喜欢他。)友情提示：部分文档来自网络整理，供您参考！文档可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！7 / 7