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2020学年人教版英语精品资料Section_Grammar_&_Writing动词ing形式作状语一、动词ing形式作状语的用法动词ing作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作。通常可转化成与之相对应的状语从句。1作时间状语Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.When/While (she was) walking in the park, she saw an old friend.在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一位老朋友。Having finished the work, he went to see his teacher.After he had finished the work, he went to see his teacher.完成这项工作后，他去看望他的老师。1(福建高考改编) Having_spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(陕西高考改编) Standing (stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad.2作原因状语Being too young, he couldn't join the army. As he was too young, he couldn't join the army.因为年幼，他不能参军。Not knowing how to get there, I had to ask the way.As I did not know how to get there, I had to ask the way.因为不知道如何到那里，我只得问路。2(江西高考改编) Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.(北京高考改编) Finding (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. 3作条件状语Working hard, you'll make great progress. If you work hard, you'll make great progress.如果你努力工作，你将取得重大进步。4作结果状语His parents died, leaving him an orphan. His parents died and left him an orphan.他的父母死了，他成了一个孤儿。The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.The snow lasted a week, and resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.大雪持续了一周，结果造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。点津动词ing形式与不定式均可作结果状语，区别是：动词ing形式表示顺其自然、意料之中的结果，而不定式则表示不愿看到的、出人意料的结果。3(天津高考改编) He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving (leave) the breakfast untouched.(四川高考改编) Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to_find (find) his plane high up in the sky.5作方式状语或伴随状语He came running back to tell me the news.他跑回来告诉我这个消息。I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. I stood by the door, and didn't dare to say a word.我站在门旁，一句话也不敢说。4(湖南高考改编)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring (stare) at the night sky.(重庆高考改编)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.二、动词ing形式的时态和语态及物动词(do)不及物动词(go)主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式doingbeing donegoing完成式having donehaving been donehaving gone1动词ing形式的时态如果动词ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，用其一般式(doing)；如果先于谓语动词的动作发生，用其完成式(having done)。Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. 由于看见家里没人，他决定给他们留一张便条。Having worked for three hours After he (had) worked for three hours, he took a rest.工作了三个小时之后，他休息了一下。(having worked 作状语，表示时间，work 动作发生在 take a rest 动作之前)5(江苏高考改编)Lionel Messi having_set (set) the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.2动词ing形式的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。三、动词ing 形式的否定式：not v.ing; not having ved; not having beenv.edNot knowing this, he didn't come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。6(四川高考改编) Not knowing (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.四、动词ing形式作状语需注意的问题1逻辑主语动词ing作状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主动关系。Hearing the bad news, she didn't know what to do.(hearing的逻辑主语是句子的主语she)听到这个坏消息，她不知道如何是好。2独立主格动词ing作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。The rain having stopped, we went on marching.雨过之后，我们继续前进。7(江苏高考改编)The lecture having_been_given (give), a lively questionandanswer session followed.3悬垂分词有些现在分词作状语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的有generally/strictly/frankly speaking, judging from, considering, supposing, providing等。Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys.一般说来，女孩子比男孩子更喜欢文学。Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.从他的口音判断，他一定来自南方。.用所给动词的适当形式填空1Knowing (know) English well, he translated the article without much difficulty.2The children rushed out of the classroom, laughing (laugh) and talking merrily.3Having_lived (live) in China for many years, he can speak Chinese fluently.4Not knowing (know) his address, I had to search for the information on the computer.5He often carefully watched the doctors in the operating (operate) room.6Standing (stand) on the top of the mountain, I could see the whole city.7Caught/Having_been_caught (catch) in the rain, he was wet all over.8Tasting (taste) delicious, this kind of pears was soon sold out.句型转换(每空一词)1When she turned around, she saw a car driving up.Turning around,_she saw a car driving up.2John watched curiously, and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.John watched curiously, thinking that the woman seemed a little crazy.3As he was ill, he couldn't attend the meeting.Being ill,_he couldn't attend the meeting.4Because she had been bitten by a snake, she was frightened of it.Having been bitten by a snake,_she was frightened of it.5As John was away, Tom had to do the work.John being away,_Tom had to do the work.6As it is Sunday, we needn't go to school.It being Sunday,_we needn't go to school.7Because he didn't know what to do, he came to her for help.Not knowing what to do,_he came to her for help.8As she hadn't received his reply, she rang him up again.Not having received his reply,_she rang him up again.关注信假设你是李华，你所在城市的交通拥挤问题日趋严重，交通事故时有发生，特别是在上下班高峰时段。请根据以下提示，用英语给市政府写一封信，反映交通状况并提出自己的建议。提示：1.反映交通状况；2.提出改善建议；3.希望和祝福。Dear Sir/Madam，I'm writing to reflect the traffic situation of our city.As everyone knows, the traffic problem in our city is becoming more and more serious, especially during the rush hours. Many cars are running on the roads every day, some of which are in bad condition and it is difficult for the drivers to go across. It's high time that the city government took some effective measures to solve the problem.Firstly, many roads need to be widened and repaired. Secondly, we need to build overpasses, so as to cut down traffic jams. Thirdly, the number of private cars must be strictly controlled.As long as we take the above measures, I'm sure the traffic problem will be solved and the traffic accidents will be controlled. And I do hope our government will accept my suggestions.Yours，Li Hua本文结构严谨，层次分明。本文由三部分构成，先提出关注的问题，然后提出解决方案，最后总结并表达希望和祝福。亮点一：文中运用了一些高级短语和句型，如As everyone knows . It's high time that . As long as . I do hope .等。亮点二：句式灵活多变，错落有致。作者在提建议的过程中，交替使用主动语态和被动语态，如we need to build overpasses和the number of private cars must be strictly controlled，使得行文丰富多彩。如何写关注信一、文体介绍关注问题类的书信(letter of concern)属于应用文的范畴。关注信是作者就某一个问题或一些现象表达自己的关心，并提出自己的一些看法和解决办法。二、写作指导一封好的关注信分为三个部分：开头、主体和结尾。1开头一般开门见山，直接表明自己的观点；2主体则是主题的展开和深化，要把论点按照逻辑顺序列出，连同证据、原因或例子；3结尾则是开头的呼应，总结论点，并重申观点。1I have the pleasure/honour to inform/tell you that .2I'm writing this letter to tell you about .3I have heard /found that .4I am/feel sorry to see/hear .5I hope you can think about what I have concerned .6I think we should pay attention to .7If we are concerned about it, . will become better.假设你是某中学学生王梅。最近，你发现青岛的海边随便扔垃圾的现象很严重，请你给市领导写封信，劝说政府制定新的法律，并采取强有力的措施来实施它，以确保海边的清洁。注意：1词数：100左右；2可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。_参考范文：Dear Governor，I suggest that we should have a law that tells us not to leave rubbish on beaches.Here are some reasons why we should have this law. A lot of people leave rubbish on beaches and eventually it will get picked up by the tide.When this happens, a lot of animals will die. Some become or are close to becoming extinct.Every day and night tons of sea animals die because of rubbish!Another really big reason to outlaw rubbish on beaches is the fact that Qingdao has the most beautiful beaches in the world. People come from all over the world to visit our coastline. How sad it would be if they left thinking we didn't care about our own beaches and allowed people to throw rubbish anywhere!Please consider the idea of making a law to stop people from polluting our beaches or please consider enforcing this law if there is one. I know that you will make the best choice you can!Yours sincerely，Wang Mei
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