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2020学年人教版英语精品资料Unit 1 Festival around the world教材分析和教材重组教材分析本单元以节日为话题，介绍了世界各地的一些节日、含义、由来和民俗。通过本单元的学习，可以帮助学生更多地了解节日、体味文化；同时又能教育学生理解、尊重不同的文化和习俗。通过本单元的语言技能训练，要求学生学会使用请求以及感谢的表达法。1. Warming Up 要求学生以小组形式完成一个表格填充，列出中国的五个节日和这些节日的时间、庆祝的内容以及节日里人们的所作所为。激发学生的阅读兴趣，为本单元Reading部分的世界节日做好铺垫。2. Pre-reading 通过若干个问题了解学生对节日的认识，比如：你最喜欢的节日是什么？你喜欢与家人还是与朋友共度佳节？你喜欢节日的哪部分音乐、拜访朋友，可看的还是可吃的？ 3. Reading 由五篇小短文组成，分别介绍古代节日、亡灵节、纪念名人的节日、丰收节和春天的节日等，使学生了解节日的由来及其存在的意义。最古老的节日主要庆祝冬天的结束，春天的播种，秋天的收获等。鬼节是为祭奠亡灵，取悦祖先而举行的节日，例如日本的盂兰盆节（Obon），墨西哥的亡灵节，万圣节（Halloween）等。纪念名人的节日有中国的端午节，美国的哥伦布日，印度的甘地纪念日。春天的节日包括中国的春节，西方的狂欢节、复活节，日本的樱花节。4. Comprehending 第一部分提出的6个问题让学生对所读文章有一个浅层理解。第二部分要求学生讨论哪些节日是最重要的，哪些是最有趣的，结合所读文章和自己的想法填表。第三部分要求找出各个节日中共有的三件事，然后与同伴讨论为什么这些事情对各地的人们都是重要的。这一任务不仅使学生重温所读文章的内容，而且结合他们的实际，给学生机会阐述自己的想法和观点，挖掘学生的思维潜力。这3个练习的设置由表及里，由浅入深，非常科学。5. Learning about Language 主要突出本单元的重点词汇和主要语法项目。通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟练掌握情态动词may/ might，can/could，will/would，shall/should，must/can的各种语用功能。6. Using Language涵盖了听、说、读、写四个部分。Listening通过几位学生参加Trinidad Carnival节日游行的两段对话，使学生体会参加节日游行的真实情景，既训练他们的听力又通过回答问题训练他们的分析能力。Speaking分为两部分。第一部分主要通过电话对话突出本单元交际功能用语的训练。第二部分让学生根据上段的“你”刚从Trinidad回来编对话，学生可以按自己的想象和经历编写谈话内容，这样做有助于训练学生的思维。Reading部分主要讲述发生在情人节的一个伤心的爱情故事。故事中有穿插一个“乞巧节”的传说。阅读后的讨论不但帮助学生理解文章的主旨大意，更重要的是让学生学会寻求解决问题的方法。Writing主要是要求学生根据上面阅读文章的内容写一个与文章结尾不同的结局，让学生通过思考写出自己的思想、自己的做法，尝试自己解决问题。教材重组1.将Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading与Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。2.将Learning about Language和Workbook中的using words and expressions及using structures整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”。3.将Using Language设计为一节包括听说读写在内的“综合技能课（一）”。4.将Workbook的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING结合在一起上一节“听说课”。5.将Workbook的LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK和SPEAKING TASK设计为一节“综合技能课（二）”。课时分配1st Period Reading2nd Period Language study3rd Period Integrating skills()4th Period Listening and Speaking5th Period Integrating skills() Part 1: Teaching Design (第一部分：教学设计)Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS)AimsTo help students develop their reading abilityTo help students learn about festivalsProceduresI. Warming up Warming up by discussingGood morning, class. Today we are going to read about FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS. But first, Id like to have you work in groups and list five Chinese festivals that you know. When do they take place? What do they celebrate? And what do people do at that time?Warming up by watching and listeningHi, every one. Look at the photos and listen to me telling you about some Western Festivals. Some Western Festivals Valentines Day , February 14 情人节 Candy, flowers and other tokens of affection are exchanged on this day, in honor of two martyrs, both named St. Valentine. April Fools Day, April 1 愚人节 Franksters feel that it is permissible to play all sorts of tricks on this day. Mothers Day 母亲节 The second Sunday in May, set aside to honor mothers. Fathers Day 父亲节 The third Sunday in June, set aside to honor fathers. Halloween , October 31 万圣节 A special day for making merry, wearing costumes and playing old-fashioned games. A favorite with children. Easter 复活节 A Christian holy day in March or April when Christians remember the death of Christ and his return to life.Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 Generally the fourth Thursday in November, set aside for national thanksgiving, especially for our democratic form of government. It is a legal holiday in all states. Labors Day 劳动节 The first Monday in September. Set aside to honor labor, it is a legal holiday in all states.Christmas Day, December 25 圣诞节 This is both a legal and religious holiday, it observes the anniversary of the birth of Jesus. All states and all those of the Christian faith celebrate this holiday.Warming up by learning vocabularyTurn to page 96, and go over the vocabulary list for Unit 1. Find out the relationship between the spelling and the pronunciation.II. Pre-reading1. Imagining and sharingHello! Now you can celebrate everyday!Everyday is a holiday. Imagine somewhere someone is celebrating right now. Our world is filled with mystical celebrations and powerful memories. Come and tell the class what holiday it is today. 2. Talking and sharingWork in groups of four. Tell your group mates what festivals or celebrations you enjoy in your city or town. III. Reading1. Listening to the recordingNow please listen to the recording of the text FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS. Pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence. I will play the tape twice.2. Reading and underliningNext you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.Collocations from FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS hold festivals and celebrations, catch animals, have food吃饭, light fires, make music, bring a year of plenty带来富足的一年, honour the dead纪念死去了的人, satisfy and please sb.讨好取悦某人, do harm to对有害, clean the graves扫墓, light incense, in memory of 纪念；追念, light lamps, play music, lead sb. back to earth, on an important feast day, in the shake of sth., offer sth. to sb., have the origin as an event, ask for sth., dress up乔装打扮；穿上盛装, play a trick诈骗；开玩笑, hold festivals as an honour to sb., a national holiday, gain s independence, gather for, a season of agricultural work, decorate churches with 用装饰教堂, get together聚会, have meals吃饭, win awards for sth., admire the moon, give gifts of moon cakes, an energetic and important festival, look forward to期望；期待；盼望, eat dumplings吃饺子, give sb. lucky money给某人压岁钱, in red paper, dragon dances, celebrate the lunar New Year庆祝阴历的新年, take place发生, day and night日日夜夜, loud music, colourful clothing of all kinds, an important religious and social festival, be covered with 由覆盖., have fun with each other彼此玩得开心, enjoy life享受生活, be proud of为自豪, forget sth. for a little while暂时忘记某事4. Reading and transferring informationRead the text again to complete the table listing festivals and their celebrations.FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSAncient FestivalsFestival of the DeadFestival to Honour PeopleHarvest FestivalSpring FestivalCelebrate the end of the cold weather, 4. Reading and understanding difficult sentencesAs you have read the text, you can surely tell which sentences are difficult to understand. Now put your questions concerning the difficult points to me. IV. Closing down by doing exercisesTo end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises No. 1, 2 and 3 on page 3. Closing down by learning the text by heartIn the last few minutes you are asked to learn the text by heart. You may make use of the table you filled in just now. Additional MaterialsComplete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSWe have 1_ of festivals. Ancient people held festivals and celebrations to celebrate the end of winter or the catching of animals. Some festivals are in 2_ of the ancestors. They light lamps, play music on an important feast day, offering good things to the dead.People hold festivals as an 3_ to famous people or to the gods. These festivals have their 4_ as an event, like the Dragon Boat Festival which honors the famous 5_ Qu Yuan. .Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals are held in many countries. People decorate churches, get together, have meals or win awards for competitions. On Mid-Autumn Festival people 6_ the moon and have moon cakes.Chinese New Year is an 7_ and important festival. People look 8_ to 9_ up, eating dumplings, giving children lucky money in red paper, playing dragon dances. The celebration of the lunar New Year may take 10_ throughout the country, day and night. It is an important religious and social festival.（Key：1. plenty 2. memory 3. honour 4. origins 5. poet 6. admire 7. energetic 8. forward 9. dressing 10. place）Comprehension questions1. How many kinds of festivals does the passage refer to?A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 52. The festival to honor famous people is_.A. Obon B. the Dragon Boat Festival C. Halloween D. Easter3. The children usually do the following EXCEPT _ on Halloween Day.A. play the “trick or treat” game B. dress up to frighten people C. have pumpkin pie D. eat cakes with “bones” on them4. Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?A. Thanksgiving Day is to celebrate harvest. B. Obon is in memory of the dead ancestors.C. The Dragon Boat Festival is named after an old competition. D. The carnivals usually take place in February.（Key：1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C）Notes to some difficult sentences1. Discuss when they take place. (Warming up)take place 表示 “发生、产生”。比较happen与take place: happen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生take place必然性的发生 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. We dont know what has happened to the poor mother.2. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. (Reading)这里festivals and celebrations of all kinds = all kinds of festivals and celebrations。又如：experiments of this kind = this kind of experiments You said he was old. 你说他老了。 I never said anything of the kind.（=I said nothing at all like that.）我从来没有说过那种话！注意of a kind的含义：1) of the same kind：Father and son are two of a kind. Theyre both generous.2) of a not very good kind：Its advice of a kind，but it wasnt very helpful.3. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and the coming of spring. (Reading)look forward to期待, to 在这里是介词。Im looking forward to seeing you soon.下列短语中的to 也是介词。1.be similar to与相似 2.be/get engaged to（与某人）订婚 3. relateto/with把与联系起来，be related to 与有关系 4. be/become/get addicted to“对上瘾；沉溺于” 5. look up to尊敬；钦佩 6A is to B what C is to D. “A对B而言正如C对D一样。” 7. belong to 属于；是的成员之一8. contribute to “为作贡献；有助于；向投稿” 9. available( to)可获得的；可用的；可看见的10. to the full/fullest充分地；尽情地；非常 11. witness to“为作证；出庭证明；证实；说明” 12. attend to“处理；专心于；注意” 13. have access to接近；进入 14. put an end to结束；制止 15. lead to导致；招致 16. come to life恢复生气；活跃起来 17. set an example to为树立榜样 18. get used to适应于；习惯于19. tend to朝某方向；趋于 20. date back to追溯到；始于 21. object to反对；讨厌 22. according to根据 23. adjust to适应 24. draw attention to吸引某人的注意力 25. open a /the door to/for为创造条件，给开门，给以方便 4. The country is covered with cherry trees flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.as though=as if好像;仿佛;似乎；The boy looks as if he were a big man.5. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit. (Reading)it在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit。6. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. (Reading)play a trick (on sb) 在这里是“捉弄某人”的意思。类似是表达还有laugh at sb 嘲笑某人；make jokes about sb开某人的玩笑。The naughty children like playing tricks on their maths teacher.Dont laugh at the people in trouble.How dare you make jokes about your boss?7. Because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. (Reading)year/ day/ life of plenty表示“富足的年景/日子/生活”。You have a life of plenty， what would you be worried about？【高考链接】情态动词难点透视英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多，但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。本文结合同学们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。1. can表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如：Accidents can happenAnybody can make mistakes如果我们要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may, could或might等。We may spend our summer holidays in Hangzhou this yearWill you answer the telephone？It couldmaymight be your mother2.could用来征求意见时，语气要比can委婉，但在回答问题时我们不能用could,因为语气委婉，可能性就变小了。如：Could I use your telephone？Yes, please go ahead3.在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用waswere able to而不能用could。如：It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seasideThe girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test4must与have to都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。1) must只有现在时，而have to有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：We must work hard, or well fail in the examinationYears ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money2) must表示主观看法，have to则侧重于客观需要。如：We must be strict with ourselves in everythingIn cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks5must表示推测时，其反意问句有好几种形式。1) “must动词原形”对目前的情况进行推测时以及用mustbe-ing形式对目前正在发生的情况进行推测时，疑问短语部分要与must之后的动词相一致。如：The mathematics teacher must be in the office now, isnt he2) “musthave过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去的时间状语，疑问部分用助动词didnt否则，疑问部分用havent或hasnt。如：The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didnt theyThe minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasnt he6shall可以用来征求对方意见，用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如：Shall she go to the concert with us this evening (征求意见)You shall go to the front at once(命令)Dont worryYou shall get the answer this very afternoon（允诺）He shall be sorry one dayI tell you(警告)Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution(决心)7在表示将来的时间、条件状语从句中，不能用will（这时的will不是情态动词，而是助动词，帮助构成将来时）。如：If it will rain tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village(误)If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village(正)当情态动词will表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句的。如：If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice on how to learn English如果你愿意听我的话，我将给你提点学习英语的建议。If you will come this way，the manager will meet you请您往这边走，经理现在要见你。8should除表示必要或义务外，还可表示推测或可能。如：The American friends should be here now“shouldought tohave过去分词”既可表示本该做而事实上没有做的事，也可以表示惊讶、责备、赞叹等情绪。如：You should have told her about it the day before yesterdayIts wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years“情态动词have过去分词”是很重要的一种句型，除should外，may, might, must, couldnt, neednt, ought to等都可以用于这一句型，但要注意使用不同的情态动词句子的意思就有所不同。9ought to与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法，ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如：We shouldought to help each other and learn from each other in our workShe is your mother, so you ought to support herWe ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I dont think we will10need用作情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句，而不用于肯定句。在肯定句中要用must, have to, should, ought to或将need当作行为动词使用。如：We need report the matter to the boss immediately(误)We must report the matter to the boss immediately（正）We need to report the matter to the boss immediately（正）dare的用法也一样。dare与need 的用法1) dare作为情态动词,主要用于疑问句,否定句和条件从句中,一般不用于肯定句。a. How dare you say Im unfair?b. He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare she?c. If he dare break the rule, he will be punished.2) need表示”需要”或”必须”,作情态动词用时,仅用于否定句或疑问句、条件从句中。“有必要”。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替。a. You neednt come so early.b. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.c. If you need go there, please let me know.3) dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是,在肯定句中, dare 后面通常接带to的不定式; 在否定和疑问句中, dare后可接带to或不带to的不定式。a. I dare to swim across the river b. He doesnt dare (to) answer.c. We need time and money.d. The dining room needs/ wants/ requires cleaning every day.= The dining room needs/ wants/ requires to be cleaned every day.e. Does he need to take the medicine four times a day?需要注意的几点:1. 表示猜测，can一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“经验之谈” 。这时can可以表示客观的可能性,并不牵涉具体的事情是否会发生;要表示某事发生的可能性别时需要用could，may， might。Children can often get ill suddenly（小孩常常可能突然生病）Certain things in the home can be dangerous，especially if you have young children（家里的某些东西可能有危险，尤其是有小孩的时候。）上面两句可以看作医务工作者或抚养过孩子的人说的话，属“经验之谈”。Accidents can happen on such rainy days.2may和might都不用于疑问句中。如：（正）CanCould it be cloudy tomorrow？（误）MayMight it be cloudy tomorrow？3must的否定式是cantcouldnt，不是 neednt或mustnt。 4would V原形：想必现在过去；现在过去可能He would be back todayyesterday想必他今天昨天回来了。（他今天昨天可能回来了。） 5shouldought toV原形：想必现在将来会The dinner shouldought to be ready now想必晚饭现在已备好。He shouldought to ring up this afternoon想必他今天下午会打电话的。6will V原形：将来一定准会Try your best，and your wish will come true尽力吧，你的理想准会实现的。【高考链接】1. Black holes _ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task.（2006上海）A. can B. should C. must D. need2 Whats the name? （2006北京） Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you?A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might3. Must he come to sign this paper himself? Yes, he . (2006广东)A. need B. must C. may D. will4. Theres no light on they_ be at home. (2006 全国I)A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt5. Some aspects of a pilots job _be boring, and pilots often _work at inconvenient hours. （2006湖南）A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must6. Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. I go out and play with Tom for a while? No, Im afraid not. Besides, its raining outside now .(2004辽宁)ACant BWouldnt CMay not DWont 7. Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library. (2004上海)A. must B. may C. can D. need8. May I smoke here? （2006山东）If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.A. should B. could C. may D. must9. The weather turned out to be fine yesterdayI_the trouble to carry my umbrella with me（2006江西） Ashould have taken Bcould have taken Cneednt have taken D.mustnt have taken10. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (2004重庆)A. may B. should C. mustD. shall 11. Could I have a word with you, mum? （2006浙江） Oh dear, if you _.A. can B. must C. mayD. should12You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)A. might B. need C. should D. would13. How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? (2003上海)A. can B. must C. need D. may14. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. (2005湖北)Well. He_have gone farhis coats still here.Ashouldnt Bmustnt C. cant Dwouldnt15Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.（2004湖南） You have my computer if you dont take care of it.A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 【巩固练习】1You are wet through.You _ in the rain. A. must come B. must have caught C. may catch D. must have got caught 2. I thought you _ like something to read，so I have brought you some booksAmay Bmight Ccould Dmust3. I stayed at a hotel while in New York Oh, did you？You _ with BarbaraAcould have stayed Bcould stay Cwould stay Dmust have stayed 4. When can I come for the photos？ I need them tomorrow afternoonThey _ be ready by 12：00Acan B. should C might Dneed5. We _ last night，but we went to the concert instead Amust have studied Bmight study Cshould have studied D would study6. I was on the highway when this oar west past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. (2005重庆)A. should have been doingB. must have been doing C. could have doneD. would have done7. The room is so dirty _ we clean it？(2003北京)Of course AWill BShall CWould DDo8. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. (2004全国-03)A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving9. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police? (2004广西)A. should B. may C. will D. can10. Who is the girl standing over there? (2004天津) Well, if you know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall【汉译英】1. 这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。2. 你丰衣足食，还有什么担忧的？3. 如果我们以这种方式处理问题，那可能弊大于利。4. 用不着穿讲究的衣服，就穿平常的衣服吧。5. 我盼望再见到你。【答案及解析】【高考链接】 1. A can意为“能够”，表示黑洞是不能直接被看见的。2. A shall在此表示征求对方的意见，用于第一、三人称。3. B must在此表必须引导一般疑问句,其肯定回答是Yes , must,否定回答是No, neednt; need表必要用于疑问句,其肯定回答用Yes, must,否定回答用 No, neednt。4. A “cant+ 动词原形”表示对现在情况的猜测和判断（常用于否定），意思是“不可能”。根据Theres no light on可判断他们不可能在家。mustnt表示“禁止，一定不能”； neednt表示“没必要”；
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