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2020学年人教版英语精品资料Period 3Grammar1.能正确运用动词-ing形式作定语和状语的用法。2.培养学生学习语法的能力。1.通过完成教材P29的练习,掌握现在分词作定语和状语的基本特征和用法。2.学会根据句子的真实情境体会现在分词作定语和状语的区别。重点语法动词的-ing形式作定语和状语用所给词的正确形式填空1.Tom, look at the(run) river.Is it beautiful?2.(find) work is difficult these days in many countries.3.Have you found my(sleep) bag?4.(pass) a post office, I stopped to buy some stamps.5.(compare) with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.6.(save) a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.7.Ive never heard the word(use) in spoken English.8.(not know) how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.9.Deeply(move), I thanked her again and again.10.He went from door to door, (gather) waste papers and magazines.【答案】1.running2.Finding3.sleeping4.Passing5.Compared6.Having saved7.used8.Not knowing9.moved10.gathering动词的-ing形式作定语和状语一、动词-ing形式作定语动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途,不表示名词本身的动作;现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系,即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。We must improve our working method. (动名词)我们必须改进工作方法。They set up an operating table in a small temple.(动名词)他们将手术台设在一座小庙里。China is a developing country. (现在分词)中国是发展中国家。The student making the experiment is our monitor.(现在分词)正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。动词-ing形式作定语时,应注意以下两点:(1)动名词短语不能作定语,单个的动名词可以用作定语,但仅作前置定语。working method = method for working 工作方法(2)单个现在分词和现在分词短语都可作定语,单个现在分词一般作前置定语,现在分词短语则作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。the man visiting Japan=the man who is visiting Japan 访日的那个人二、动词-ing形式作状语的句法功能1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)Hearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking. = When they heard the knock on the door, they stopped talking.听到有人在敲门,他们停止了谈话。2.作原因状语(相当于一个原因状语从句)Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. = As he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.因为生病了,昨天他没去上学。3.作伴随状语(动词-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,相当于一个并列谓语)They stood there, waiting for the bus. = They stood there and waited for the bus. 他们站在那儿等公共汽车。4.作方式状语(相当于一个并列句)He died a glorious death, fighting the enemy for the people.=He died a glorious death, and he fought the enemy for the people. 他为了群众同敌人搏斗,光荣牺牲了。5.作结果状语(表示自然而然的结果,不定式短语作结果状语表示事与愿违的结果)Her husband died last year, leaving her with three children.她的丈夫去年去世了,撇下她和三个孩子。三、动词-ing形式的时态 语态形式 主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done1.动词-ing形式的一般式,可以表示没有时间先后顺序的动作,即没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作;一般式还可以表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作;有时也指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。I wish you would quit complaining.我希望你不再抱怨。(一般性动作)Chatting with each other, we enjoyed our dinner.我们边吃边聊。(与谓语同时发生)Most doctors strongly insist on giving up smoking and taking plenty of exercise.大多数医生强烈建议放弃抽烟并且多进行锻炼。(发生在谓语之后)2.动词-ing形式的完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。Having finished work, she got ready to go shopping. 完成工作后,她准备去购物。Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak. 由于病了两周,她感到身体很虚弱。四、动词-ing形式的否定式:not + 动词-ing。Not knowing this, he didnt come.他不知道这件事,所以没来。Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备,我们把运动会延期了。五、部分动词-ing形式可以充当独立成分。这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系。常见的这样的动词-ing形式(短语)有:generally / strictly / exactly speaking大体 / 严格 / 准确说来judging from / by.根据判断talking of.谈到considering.考虑到;鉴于supposing(that).假设;假定regarding.关于六、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的区别1.语态不同:动词-ing形式表示主动概念,与其相关的名词或代词之间构成一种“主谓关系”;而动词-ed形式表示被动概念,与其相关的名词或代词构成一种“动宾关系”。a moving film一部感人的电影a moved girl一位受感动的姑娘a running machine一台转动的机器a stolen car一辆被盗的汽车2.时间关系上不同:动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作,或表示一个在现在或过去一段时间内经常性的动作; 动词-ed形式往往表示已完成的动作或是在以前某个未知时间发生的动作。a developing country发展中国家a developed country发达国家Hearing he won the first place finally, we all jumped with joy.听到他最终获得了第一名,我们都高兴地跳了起来。I dont like canned food.I prefer something fresh.我不喜欢吃罐装食品,我爱吃新鲜的。单项填空(1)He had a wonderful childhood, with his mother to all corners of the world.A.travelB.to travelC.travelledD.travelling【答案与解析】D后半句是现在分词短语作状语,表示伴随。B项表示动作尚未发生,与前半句内容矛盾。(2)At the age of 29, David was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and what to do about his future.A.living; wonderingB.lived; wonderingC.lived; wonderedD.living; wondered【答案与解析】A句意:29岁时,大卫是个工人,住在波士顿附近的一间小公寓里,不知道自己未来该干什么。现在分词作定语修饰a worker,and为并列连词,连接相同的成分。(3) many times, he finally understood it.A.ToldB.TellingC.Having toldD.Having been told【答案与解析】Dtell与主语之间是被动和完成的关系,所以用having been done来表示被动和完成。(4)Suddenly, a tall man driving a carriage the girl and took her away,into the woods.A.seizing; disappearedB.seized; disappearedC.seizing; disappearingD.seized; disappearing【答案与解析】Dand连接并列谓语,故前一空格须用过去时;disappear是不及物动词,此处用现在分词短语作状语,表示主动和伴随。(5)The lady walked around the shops, an eye out for bargains.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.to keep【答案与解析】C句意:这位女士在商场转悠着,留意着里面的减价商品。现在分词短语keeping an eye out for“留意;注意”,作伴随状语。用所给词的适当形式填空1.Though(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.2.(tell) that some guests were coming, they got the room ready.3.(steal) the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.4.Dont respond to any e-mail(request) personal information, no matter how official they look.5.(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.6.European football is played in 80 countries,(make) it the most popular sport in the world.7.When it is at night, the children sit around on the playground(observe) the stars.8.He ran as fast as he could, (hope) to catch the early bus.9.(feel) curious about the tall blue-eyed foreigners, he stared at them for more than twenty minutes.10.“I cant do anything with it,” said Bob disappointedly, (look) at the colour TV set.【答案】1.lacking2.Having been told3.Having stolen4.requesting5.Having waited6.making7.observing8.hoping9.Feeling10.looking温馨贴士本课时的核心部分为动词-ing形式作定语和状语,知识要点图解如下:
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