2013年高考英语试卷分类汇编之故事类阅读理解

2013年高考英语试卷分类汇编之故事类阅读理解（2013年高考北京卷）BTail SpinTwo dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park. The smaller dolphin Grace, shown off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. The most amazing thing about her, however, is that shes even swimming at all. She doesnt have a tail.Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life. “Is she going to make it?” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace did make it - but her tail didnt. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.Over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. Grace taught herself to move another way-like a fish! She pushed herself forward through the water by moving her peduncles from side to side.The movement put harmful pressure on Graces backbone. So a company offered to create a man-made tail for her. The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldnt hurt her.The first time Grace wore the artificial tail. She soon shook it off and let it sink in the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still learning to use the tail. Some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all. “The tail isnt necessary for her to feel comfortable,” says Stone, “but it helps to keep that range of motion(动作) and build muscles(肌肉).”Now, the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel from near and far to meet her. Seeing Grace swim with her man-made tail gives people so much courage.60. When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her _.A. physical buildB. potential abilityC. chance of survivalD. adaptation to the surroundings.61. A man-made tail is created for Grace to _.A. let her recover fasterB. make her comfortableC. adjust her way of swimmingD. help her perform better tricks62. The story of Grace inspires people to _.A. stick to their dreamsB. treat animals friendlyC. treasure what they haveD. face difficulties bravely【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，题材是海豚的励志故事。作者通过描述海豚没有尾巴，依然可以游泳的励志故事。段落关键词、句大意推测第一部分（Para. 1）She doesnt have a tail.故事背景：小海豚没有尾巴。第二部分（Para. 2-5）Grace, fish trap, learned, swim, without, tail. Harmful, pressure, backbone，wore, artificial tail故事情景：小海豚没有尾巴的原因和结局。第三部分（Para.6）gives, people, courage主旨：看到格瑞丝带着人造尾游泳给人很大的勇气。【解析】60. C。细节理解题。难度：较易。第二段当中的“She was fighting for her life. Is she going to make it (她在为她的生命战斗。她能成功吗？她能活下来吗?)，与选项C。chance of survival（幸存的机会）相对应，故答案选C。61. C。细节理解题。难度：中等。第四段The movement put harmful pressure on Graces backbone. So a company offered to create a man-made tail for her.（运动把有害的压力压在格蕾丝的脊椎上。所以一个公司表示愿意为她创造一个人造的尾巴。）而第五段The new tail isnt necessary for her to feel comfortable(新尾巴不是一定要让她感到舒适)，it helps to keep that range of motion and build muscles（它帮助保持运动范围和肌肉的构建）。说明作用是adjust her way of swimming（调整游泳方姿势）而不是 help her perform better（帮助更好表演）。62. D。主旨大意题。难度：较易。最后一句中的courage是本题的题眼。作者在最后告诉读者本文写作目的，即鼓励人们在逆境中要勇敢、要有勇气，故答案为D。【难句学习】1.The most amazing thing about her, however, is that shes even swimming at all.翻译：然而，最令人惊讶的事情是她甚至在游泳。分析：The most amazing thing about her 是主语，that引导表语从句。2. The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldnt hurt her.翻译：这尾巴必须强大到足以保持在格瑞丝身上当她游的时候，而且又得足够柔软以至于不会弄疼她。分析：as引导时间状语从句。3. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery.翻译：本月,格瑞丝将明星在海豚的故事,电影,关注她的救援和恢复。分析：a film 是Dolphin Tale 的同位语；that引导定语从句，修饰a film。(2013年高考福建卷)AWhen I was 12, all I wanted was a signet (图章) ring. They were the in thing and it seemed every girl except me had one. On my 13th birthday, my Mum gave me a signet ring with my initials (姓名首字母) carved into it. I was in heaven.What made it even more special was that it was about the only thing that wasnt being replaced. Wed been burnt out in fires that swept through our area earlier that year and had lost everythingso most of the “new stuff (东西) we got was really just to replace what wed lost. But not my ring. My ring was new.Then, only one month later, I lost it. I took it off before bed and it was missing in the morning. I was sad and searched everywhere for it. But it seemed to have disappeared. Eventually, I gave up and stopped looking for it. And two years later, we sold the house and moved away.Years passed, and a couple of moves later, I was visiting my parents when Mum told me that she had something for me. It wasnt my birthday, nor was it Easter or Christmas or any other gift-giving occasion. Mum noticed my questioning look. “Youll recognize this one, she said, smiling.Then she handed me a small ring box. I took it from her and opened it to find my beautiful signet ring inside. The family who had bought our house 13 years earlier had recently decided to do some redecorations, which included replacing the carpets. When they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom, they found the ring. As it had my initials carved into it, they realized who owned the ring. Theyd had it professionally cleaned up by a jeweler before sending it to my mother. And it still fits me.56.The underlined word in in the first paragraph probably means _.A. fashionable B. availableC. practicalD. renewable57.When she got the ring back, the writer was about _.A. 13 years old B. 15 years old C. 26 years old D. 28 years old58.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The writers family moved several times.B.The writer never stopped looking for her ring.C.The writers ring was cleaned up by the new house owner.D.The writer lost her ring in the morning when she took it off.59.What would be the best title for the passage?A. My New RingB. Lost and Found C. Lost and ReplacedD. An Expensive Ring【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。表述情节：我13岁生日时得到一枚署名戒指，然后不久不慎失落，尽管努力寻找却未得，在搬家之后多年，被买家意外发现，最终我失而复得这枚戒指。【解析】56. A. 词义猜测题。难度：难。旧词新意。根据题干，定位第一段句首：When I was 12, all I wanted was a signet(图章) ring. They were the in thing and it seemed every girl except me had one. 可知：我梦寐以求一枚署名戒指是因为似乎每个小姑娘都有一枚这样的戒指。in, adj. 在里面的；时髦的。与A. fashionable同义。57. D。细节理解题。难度：偏易。由第一段得知，13岁生日得到戒指。第三段最后一句话：And two years later, we sold the house and moved away。第五段第三、四句：The family who had bought our house 13 years earlier had recently decided to do some redecorations, which included replacing the carpets. When they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom, they found the ring。可知15岁时搬家，13年后戒指失而复得，这年应该28岁。58. A。细节判断题。难度：中。由第三段可知：15岁那年，作者一家搬家了。在第四段段首：Years passed, and a couple of moves later，可知，在这些年中他们又搬过几次家。A正确。59. B。主旨大意题。难度:中。全文描述了一枚失落15年的戒指重新回到主人手中。干扰项排除: 文章第二段首句：What made it even more special was that it was about the only thing that wasnt being replaced.可见：这枚戒指不可替代。故排除C. Lost and Replaced。最后一句：“My ring was new.”但时隔多年，第五段最后第二句：Theyd had it professionally cleaned up by a jeweler before sending it to my mother.对方请专业的珠宝商对这枚戒指进行了处理，说明它已经不新了。故排除A. My New Ring。文章未曾谈及戒指的价格，故排除D. An Expensive Ring。DPride and Prejudice for the Modern WomanLet us imagine how Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austens most famous work, might be updated, 200 years on.Austens popularity is rooted in her intelligence. But today she would certainly have had a very different life, as would her characters. Heres my own suggestion. . .It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men, however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism.“My dear husband, said his hopeful wife one day, “have you heard that the local store, standing empty for so long, is taken over by a bright young businesswoman?Her dull and indifferent (漠不关心的) husband replied that he had not. But it is, it is, she replied excitedly. Mr Dull-Husband made no reply.Dont you want to know her plans? she cried with some impatience.Well, clearly you think it matters to your silly little head. so Id better listen.”Well, my dear, the rumour (传言) is that she has already set up a string of successful businesses in northern England, though how a woman can know anything about that is beyond me. She will move in herself next month. What is her name? Bingley.”Is she married or single?What a question! And none of your business. But her coming will be a fine thing for our five boys. “How so? How can it possibly affect them? My dear love; those lazy boys need something to wake them up. There are bound to be jobs going. “Is that her point in settling here? Surely as a woman she has simply taken a fancy to the place. “Nonsense, my love, how little youve noticed the world has changed. Shes got a first-rate degree and some sort of business qualification, Im told. She surely needs one of our boys! Perhaps you might give her a call. “Me? No. Perhaps you can take an interest. You still have your looks, after all. She may even offer you a job. “Oh, thats not likely. These new chances belong to the younger generation. But now you mention it, I think Ill go along all the same. And Mrs Bennet went along. That was 10 years ago. She is now managing director of a FTSE-listed company. . It would remain the case, of course, that Mrs Bennet would be one of very few women on the company board, that her salary would be lower than her male colleagues, her bonus of a more female dimension and her lifespan (年限) among the citys business leaders shorter than theirs. Still, shed no doubt have enjoyed Davosand might even have hobnobbed (攀谈) with influential figures.67.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Austen was born 200 years ago.B.Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice.C.Austens success lies in her wisdom.D.Austens updated work gains popularity.68.The underlined part in the passage suggests that Mrs Bennet _.A.had mixed feelings of admiration and surprise about BingleyB.felt kind of worried and doubtful about BingleyC.was extremely anxious to meet BingleyD.had a great curiosity about Bingley69.In the eyes of Mrs Bennet, Bingley surely needed one of their boys to _.A. get married toB. work for herC. help her move inD. take over her store70.What does the writer intend to tell us?A.Women with brains can also be as successful as men.B.Women have to pay a high price for success.C.A judgment must be made free from prejudice.D.Sex discrimination still exists nowadays.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者虚拟了一个类似于200年前简.奥斯丁的傲慢与偏见的故事。主人翁班内特太太听说一个聪明年轻的女商人要来他们家附近接管一家商店，她对她充满了惊讶羡慕等的复杂情感，但同时却不忘借此为她的孩子谋一份工作，自己也趁机进了公司，成为其中的一名懂事，但薪水，奖金都比男性低，说明女性依然在遭受歧视。段落关键词大意推测第一部分（Para. 1-2）popularity; intelligence; a very different life; single woman with brains; deserve equal opportunities奥斯丁受欢迎是因为聪明；现在会有不同的生活；有头脑的单身女人会该拥有跟男人平等的机会。第二部分（Para. 318）local store; taken over; jobs going; surely needs one of our boys; go along all the same接管当地一家商店；工作机会；需要我们的一个孩子；我也一起去找份工作。第三部分（Para.1920）managing director; salary lower ; bonus more female; life-span shorter执行经理；薪水，奖金都比男性低；年限比男性短。67. C。细节理解题。难度：较易。 【解题思路】根据第一段中的Austens popularity is rooted in her intelligence可知答案。句中的popularity与题干中的success属于“同义转述”。68. A。句意推断题。难度：中等。 【解题思路】划线句子的意思是“一个女人怎么能懂开公司的事情，我不理解”，从句子本身能够看出班内特太太对宾利小姐的一种很复杂的感觉：惊讶和羡慕等等。69. B。细节理解题。难度：较易。 【解题思路】根据题干的关键词定位在第16段的She surely needs one of our boys，答案一目了然。 【干扰项排除】选项A，C，D的意思分别是：“想让她的一个儿子娶她”，“想帮她搬家”，“想接管她的商店”，均属无中生有，排除。70. D。主旨大意题。难度：中等。【解题思路】文章在最后一段，用her salary would be lower than her male colleagues, her bonus of a more female dimension and her lifespan (年限) among the citys business leaders shorter than theirs.这样的句子点名了主题：在当今社会中，性别歧视依旧存在。【难句学习】1. But today she would certainly have had a very different life, as would her characters【翻译】 但是现在她肯定会有不同的生活，她的性格也会不同。【分析】主从复合句。as引导的是一个比较状语从句。2. It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men, however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism.【翻译】最终被广泛认可的事实是：由于性别歧视，一个有头脑的单身女人会感觉自己处于很不利的地位，无论这种感觉多么严重，她都应该跟男人有平等的机会，【分析】主从复合句。that引导的是一个同位语从句，这个从句中有一个however引导的让步状语从句。3. Well, my dear, the rumour (传言) is that she has already set up a string of successful businesses in northern England, though how a woman can know anything about that is beyond me【翻译】亲爱的，人们传言，她已经在北英格兰成功创办了一系列的公司，尽管我不明白一个女人怎么会动的那些事情。【分析】主从复合句。that引导了一个表语从句;though引导的是一个让步状语从句，在这个让步状语从句中，主语是how引导的主语从句。string of 一系列的; beyond me这里的意思是“超出了我的理解”。 (2013年高考广东试卷)COne day, when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. This boy has lost his family, he wrote. He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and Im very worried about him. Can you help?”I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesnt have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympatheticallyThe first two times we met, David didnt say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the childrens drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon-in complete silence and without looking at me. Its not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with, I thought. Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.” Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.Its your turn, he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one一without any words一can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.36. When he first met the author, David .A. felt a little excitedB. walked energeticallyC. looked a little nervousD. showed up with his teacher37. As a psychologist, the author .A. was ready to listen to DavidB. was skeptical about psychologyC. was able to describe Davids problemD. was sure of handling Davids problem38David enjoyed being with the author because he_.A. wanted to ask the author for adviceB. need to share sorrow with the author C. liked the childrens drawings in the officeD. bear the author many times in the chess game39What can be inferred about David?A. He recovered after months of treatment.B. He liked biking before he lost his family.C. He went into university soon after starting to talk.D. He got friends in school before he met the author. 40. What made David change?A. His teachers help.B. The authors friendship.C. His exchange of letters with the author.D. The authors silent communication with him.【图式导读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者以第一人称的口吻讲述了自己作为精神病医生，为一位青年患者进行治疗的经过。文章于最后一段点出主题：有时候一个人可以不需要用语言也可以深入到另一个人的内心：一个拥抱、哭泣时依靠的一个肩膀、一个友好的触摸或者仅仅是做一个倾听者。段落关键词大意推测第一部分（Para. 1）when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy ，David， has lost his family，very sad and refuses to talk to others，worried about him交代故事发生的时间和地点：我在英国做精神病医生时；交代故事的主人公：一位成年的青年患者。第二部分（Para.2）How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesnt have the answer to, Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically我对他的治疗以及对精神病例的思索与看法。第三部分（Para. 3-4）The first two times， didnt say a word, I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon- in complete silence and without looking at me, I made sure David won once or twice, arrived earlier, as if he enjoyed my company, never look at me他在前两次治疗期间的反应：不说话、喜欢跟我下棋、我们经常下棋，我会让人赢，他来得很早，似乎很喜欢我的作陪，但从来不看我。第四部分（Para. 57）I thoughtSome months later, he looked up at me suddenly, started talking, got friends in school and joined a bicycle club, wrote to me， Now he had really started to live his own life.我对他的思索以及他的变化：大概几个月后他突然看我了，然后他开始说话了，在学校里也有了朋友，并且参加了自行车俱乐部，还几次写信给我，他真正开始了自己的生活。第四部分（Para.8）I also learned that onecan reach out to another person, a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens点出本文主题：有时候一个人可以不需要用言语也可以深入到另一个人的内心：一个拥抱、哭泣时可以依靠的一个肩膀、一个友好的触摸或者仅仅是做一个倾听者。【解析】36. C. 细节理解题。根据关键词David定位信息于第一段。根据信息He kept walking up and down restlessly（不安地），可以判断选项C为正确答案。nervous与原文中的restlessly为同义词不同词性的复现。37. D推理判断题。从第二段末两句，作者对于精神病的看法可以得知，作者对于精神病例的治疗很有治疗经验，判断作者对于治疗David的病“很有把握”，D项为正确答案。干扰项排除：A项“愿意倾听David的诉说”为最大干扰项。貌似与原文第二段末句Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically（有时候能为患者做的最好的事情是以坦诚和同情心去倾听）从逻辑上一致，但本句仅为作者对于精神病患者从笼统意义上的看法，该项错在了推理过度。B项“对于精神病学持怀疑态度”，根据文章首段首句“作者是一个精神病医生“可排除该项。C项“能够描述David的病情，与第二段第二句There are problemsno words can describe相悖。38. D. 推理判断题。根据关键词enjoyed being with the author定位信息于原文第三段第二句。详读整段文字，寻找原因（他的表现）。根据首句Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed（他通常都比约定时间早到），结合末句It seemed as if he enjoyed my company，可以推断，作者通过David通常都早来的表现，得出David很喜欢和自己呆在一起。看选项，D项“因为他在下棋时容忍了作者好多次”符合逻辑。39. A. 推理判断题。根据第四段末句和第五段：Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly. Its your turn, he said.知道，几个月后的一天David开始看我并开始对我说话了。再根据第六段全段可知：从那天起，他开始说话，并且交了朋友、参加了社团等”，而且从此“开始了新生活（末句）”。而且根据He wrote to me a few times，得知，这些都是他结束治疗写信告诉我的，判断：A项“几个月的治疗之后，他痊愈了。”为正确答案。40. D. 推理判断题。立足全文：作者对David在治疗过程中的描述中，David在治疗的前几个月，“didnt say a word”，“in complete silence and without looking at me”以及作者的思索“Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering”可知作者对于David的治疗主要采取的是无声的陪伴。故D为正确答案：是“作者与他的无声交流”使David改变了。同时D选项也符合末段第二句交代的文章主旨：But I also learned that one-without any words-can reach out to another person. （有时候一个人可以不需要用言语也可以深入到另一个人的内心）。【难句学习】1He sat there, only looking up to look at the childrens drawings on the wall behind me. 【翻译】他坐在那里，只是抬头看着我身后的墙上的几幅儿童画。【分析】本句的主句为He sat there，only looking为现在分词作伴随状语。2Its not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.【翻译】下棋不太容易作弊，但是我承认，我会确保让David赢上一两次。【分析】本句为并列句结构，but引导表转折意义的并列分句。第一个分句中，it为形式主语，to cheat in chess为不定式作真实主语。在第二个分句中，I admit之后为省略了that的宾语从句。3Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down.【翻译】通常他都比约定的时间来得早，然后架子上拿出棋盘和棋子，在我有空坐下来之前开始摆棋子。【分析】本句中，before引导了一个时间状语从句。主句中，he为主语，arrived, took, began为并列谓语动词。4 But I also learned that one一without any words一can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.【翻译】但是我同时也明白了：有时候一个人不需要用言语也可以走进到另一个人的内心深处。【分析】本句的主体结构为But I also learned，that之后为宾语从句，without any words为插入语。(2013年高考湖北卷)ASome years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the days events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper. After all, isnt accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?