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英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（the Active Voice）和被动语态（the Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：English is spoken by many people. 当我们不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁或者强调突出动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 （1）一般现在时的被动语态（2）一般过去时的被动语态（3）一般将来时的被动语态 （4）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态考点一 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：句式句式句型结构句型结构例例 句句肯定句肯定句主语主语+ be+过去分词过去分词+（by）He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).否定句否定句主语主语+ be not +过去分过去分词词+（by）I am not invited to the party (by him).一般疑一般疑问句问句Be +主语主语+过去分词过去分词+（by）？）？Are your clothes washed by yourself?特殊疑特殊疑问句问句疑问词疑问词+ be+主语主语+过过去分词去分词+（by）？）？What is this sweater made of?考点二 被动语态的用法： (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by动作执行者短语。如： Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。(2)强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。 The cup was broken by David. 这个杯子被大卫打碎了。(3)做客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型： Its / was said / believed / reported / + that 据说/据报道 如： Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake.考点四 使用中应注意的几个问题(1) 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态（直接宾语，间接宾语） 常见的接双宾语的动词有：give, teach, pay, tell, buy, show, lend ,write, pass等。 通常这种句子可以改为以“人” 当主语和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。如：He gave me a book. I was given a book by him.(以I做主语)A book was given to me by him. (以物book作主语)5. He teaches us English. _(以人当主语以人当主语)_(以物作主语以物作主语)We are taught English (by him). English is taught to us (by him). （2）英语中有“十大动词”的说法，即feel, hear, listen to, have, make, let(让、使) , look at, watch, see, notice，这些词在主动语态中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但在变被动语态时必须加to。如： I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into the office building.6. I heard John leave the room. _.John was heard to leave the room. （3）动词短语变被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 这类动词短语有：look after, look at, take care of, put up, take away, go over, pay attention to, cut down , laugh at等。如： They take good care of my child. =My child was taken good care of (by them). I turned off the radio. =The radio was turned off.7. Sally worked out all the problems. _.8. You cant take the magazines out of the reading room . _.The problems were worked out (by her) The magazines cant be taken out of the reading room （4）有些动词表被动意义,不强调动作。特别主语为物时。 常见的动词有sell, write, wash等。如： These novels wont sell well. 这些小说不好卖。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布容易洗（5）连系动词如feel, look, smell, taste, sound等用主动形式表被动。如： The fish tastes good.(6) 不及物动词happen, take place没有被动语态。如： Great changes have taken place in Dongguan in the last few years.( ) 9. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he_.A. must look after B. must be taken care C. must be looked after D. must take care of ( ) 10. A model ship _his son by Mr More.A. was made for B. was made to C. made for D. makes for( ) 11. This kind of sweater _very soft.A. is felt B. feels C. feel D. is feeling( ) 12. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by her.A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry( ) 13.When_ the accident _?A. was; happened B. has; happened C. was; happening D. did; happen( )14.This kind of recorder _well.A. has been soldB. is soldC. sellsD. will be soldg. want/need/require +动名词用主动表被动。如： The door is broken, it needs repairing. =The door is broken, it need to be repaired. 门坏了，需要修理。考点五 记住一些常用词组: 1. 被用来做某事 be used for doing sth. 2. 由制造 be made of /from +(原材料)3. 在某地制造 be made in (a place)4. 装满 be full of /be filled with sth.5. 被覆盖 be covered with6. 据说 Its said that 7. 被迫做某事 be made to do sth.8. 被听到作某事 be heard to do sth.9. 被看见作某事 be seen to do10.被某人使用 be used by sb. 备考过程中要熟练掌握四种被动语态的构成及用法。要注意：1. 要分析主语和谓语动词之间的关系，判断使用主动还是被动语态；2. 用在句子的时间状语决定了被动语态的时态；3. 注意一些特定动词所带宾补中to的回归；4. 熟记不能用于被动语态的动词及短语；5. 系动词用主动形式的系表结构表被动。
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