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与当今“教师”一称最接近的“老师”概念，最早也要追溯至宋元时期。金代元好问示侄孙伯安诗云：“伯安入小学，颖悟非凡貌，属句有夙性，说字惊老师。”于是看，宋元时期小学教师被称为“老师”有案可稽。清代称主考官也为“老师”，而一般学堂里的先生则称为“教师”或“教习”。可见，“教师”一说是比较晚的事了。如今体会，“教师”的含义比之“老师”一说，具有资历和学识程度上较低一些的差别。辛亥革命后，教师与其他官员一样依法令任命，故又称“教师”为“教员”。要练说，先练胆。说话胆小是幼儿语言发展的障碍。不少幼儿当众说话时显得胆怯：有的结巴重复，面红耳赤；有的声音极低，自讲自听；有的低头不语，扯衣服，扭身子。总之，说话时外部表现不自然。我抓住练胆这个关键，面向全体，偏向差生。一是和幼儿建立和谐的语言交流关系。每当和幼儿讲话时，我总是笑脸相迎，声音亲切，动作亲昵，消除幼儿畏惧心理，让他能主动的、无拘无束地和我交谈。二是注重培养幼儿敢于当众说话的习惯。或在课堂教学中，改变过去老师讲学生听的传统的教学模式，取消了先举手后发言的约束，多采取自由讨论和谈话的形式，给每个幼儿较多的当众说话的机会，培养幼儿爱说话敢说话的兴趣，对一些说话有困难的幼儿，我总是认真地耐心地听，热情地帮助和鼓励他把话说完、说好，增强其说话的勇气和把话说好的信心。三是要提明确的说话要求，在说话训练中不断提高，我要求每个幼儿在说话时要仪态大方，口齿清楚，声音响亮，学会用眼神。对说得好的幼儿，即使是某一方面，我都抓住教育，提出表扬，并要其他幼儿模仿。长期坚持，不断训练，幼儿说话胆量也在不断提高。我国古代的读书人,从上学之日起,就日诵不辍,一般在几年内就能识记几千个汉字,熟记几百篇文章,写出的诗文也是字斟句酌,琅琅上口,成为满腹经纶的文人。为什么在现代化教学的今天,我们念了十几年书的高中毕业生甚至大学生,竟提起作文就头疼,写不出像样的文章呢?吕叔湘先生早在1978年就尖锐地提出:“中小学语文教学效果差,中学语文毕业生语文水平低,十几年上课总时数是9160课时,语文是2749课时,恰好是30%,十年的时间,二千七百多课时,用来学本国语文,却是大多数不过关,岂非咄咄怪事!”寻根究底,其主要原因就是腹中无物。特别是写议论文,初中水平以上的学生都知道议论文的“三要素”是论点、论据、论证,也通晓议论文的基本结构:提出问题分析问题解决问题,但真正动起笔来就犯难了。知道“是这样”,就是讲不出“为什么”。根本原因还是无“米”下“锅”。于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考作文书就很难写出像样的文章。所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识到“死记硬背”的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米”。PEP8 Unit 1 Part A 综合练习镇海区骆驼实验学校 顾寅一、单词辩音，选出画线部分读音不同的一个（5%）（ ）1. A. point B. bike C. pine（ ）2. A. tall B. toy C. dive（ ）3. A. day B. cat C. date（ ）4. A. coke B. dog C. not（ ）5. A. than B. this C. thank二、选出不同类的单词（5%）（ ）1. A. old B. young C. age （ ）2. A. shorter B. taller C. old （ ）3. A. centimeter B. kilogram C. kilometer（ ）4. A. brother B. sister C. teacher （ ）5. A. little B. brown C. yellow三、根据图意与上下文意思填出恰当的词,使短文完整。(10分)My name is Sarah. I am 14 years old. I am 161 cm and 40 kg. I _ a new friend. _ name is Chen Jie. She is 13 years old. She is one year _ than me. How _ is Chen Jie? I am 1 kg heavier _ her. How _ is she? And Chen Jie is 160 cm _. She is _ than me. Chen Jie _ long hair. But my hair is _ than hers.四、用括号内单词的正确形式填空：（5%）1 Tom is _(tall) than Amy. But he is _(young) than her.2 Who is _(strong), Zhang Peng or Mike?3 The desk is 150 cm _(long).4 Wu Yifan runs _(fast) than Zhang Peng. 五、根据问句，选答句（5%）（ ）1. Who is younger than you?（ ）2. How heavy are you?（ ）3 Which book do you like?（ ）4. How tall are you?（ ）5. How old are you?A. Im thirteen years old.B. Im 35 kg.C. I like the big one.D. John.E. Im 141 cm tall.六、根据所给的标点符号连词成句， 注意大小写（10%）1 are, tall, you, how2 tall, cm, am, 145, I3 me, you, shorter, than, stronger, are, and4 Monkey, only, tall, is, little, the, cm, 405 you, is, than, who, taller 七、仔细阅读下列表格，根据表格中的内容补全句子（10%）NameAgeHeight （cm）Zhang Peng13171John14155Mr Lee311691. Line up from taller to shorter. _ _ _2. Line up from younger to older _ _ _3. Zhang Peng is 171cm. He is _ than Mr Lee.4. John is _ cm shorter than Zhang Peng.5. John is fourteen. He is _ than Zhang Peng, but he is _ than Mr Lee.八、阅读理解（15%）（1）My names Wu Yifan. Im 13 years old. Im in Class 2, Grade 6. I have many good friends. John is my best friend. He is 1 year younger than me, but he is 2 years older than Amy. Hes 141cm tall. Hes 5cm shorter than me. Hes 10cm taller than Amy. We like playing computer games. And we often play computer games and watch TV on the weekends. But this weekend we are going to have a picnic in the park.根据短文的内容， 判断下列各句话的正误，正确的写T, 错误的写F（5%）1. Wu Yifan is in Class Six, Grade Two. （ ）2. Amy is 10 years old. （ ）3. Wu Yifan is 131 cm tall. （ ）4. They like having a picnic. （ ）5. Theyre going to have a picnic this weekend. （ ）（2）Dad: Which monkey do you like, Ben?Ben: I like the yellow one. Look, its taller than the brown one.Dad: Which monkey is stronger?Ben: The brown monkey is stronger. But the yellow monkey is taller.Dad: I like the little monkey. Its younger and funnier.Ben: How long is its tail?Dad: I think the little monkey is only 40 cm tall. Its tail is about 30 cm long. Ben: I think the yellow monkey is 150 cm tall. hDad: The yellow monkey is taller but the little monkey is funnier.根据对话内容，选择正确答案（10%）（ ）1. Which monkey does Ben like? A. The brown one B. The yellow one C. The yellow one and the brown one（ ）2. Which monkey is funnier? A. The brown one B. The yellow one C. The yellow one and the brown one（ ）3. How long is the little monkeys tail? A. 40 cm B. 150 cm C. 30 cm（ ）4. How tall is the little monkey? A. 40 cm B. 150 cm C. 30 cm（ ）5. Where are Ben and Dad now? A. In the zoo B. In the park C. In the school九、写作（5%）用比较的方法写写你的家人在年龄，身高和身体强壮程度等方面的情况，用英文写一段话（不少于五句）。
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