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专题36 祈使句高考频度: 一、祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地!Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。二、祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。2. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A. to keepB. to have keptC. keepD. have kept【参考答案】C 【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第、三人称祈使句两大类。祈使句用于两个重要句型中:祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句用来叙述肯定的条件;祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示否则;句首以动词原形开头。从本题的成分来判断,可以看出是考查祈使句。三、祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never,一般分为以下四种类型:1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont,构成Dont+行为动词原形+其他成分。Dont say that again! 别再那样说了!2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont,构成Dont be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。Dont be careless. 不要粗心。注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:(1)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在Let前加Dont,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Lets开头的祈使句,必须在Lets后加not。Dont let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。Lets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。4. 在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用No+名词/V-ing形式结构,表示禁止做某事。NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!四、祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式:1. 祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用wont you。Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信,好吗?Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?2. 祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。 Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Lets用shall we外,其他均用will you。Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走,好吗?Lets take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步,好吗?1.We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _?A.do youB. can weC. will youD. shall we【参考答案】CIm sure youd rather she went to school by bus,_?A. hadnt you B. wouldnt youC. arent I D. didnt she【参考答案】B 【答案解析】在反意疑问句中,如果主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等,且主语为第一人称,简略问句仅有肯定或否定是与主句相对应,而主语和时态要与宾语从句一致。五、祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是形式一致,即Yes与will保持一致;No与wont保持一致。二是意思相反,即Yes是不的意思;No是是的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。六、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or来连接。Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。Hurry up, or well be late. 快点,否则我们要迟到了。七、祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。八、祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。Do shut up! 快住口!九、特殊形式的祈使句在英语中,有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。More water and the young trees couldnt have died. =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldnt have died. 如果你给那些小树多浇点水的话,它们就不会死了。_and Ill get the work finished.A. Have one more hourB. One more hourC. Given one more hourD. If I have one more hour【参考答案】B 【答案解析】本题考查 祈使句+and+简单句的用法, 其中祈使句可转换成名词短语, 如One more word and Ill beat you flat.因此B项正确。如果选C, D两项, 要去掉and。十、运用祈使句的误区祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中,如果稍不留神,就会出错。因此,要认真审题,认真分析句子结构,并根据上下文语境,作出正确判断。 _ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checkedB. CheckC. If you checkD. To check【参考答案】C 题组一 能力过关1. There are a few measures you can take to improve your grade, and one of them is: _ the material you do poorly in.A. doesnt ignoreB. not to ignoreC. not ignoreD. dont ignore2. _ in the library, or youll be fined 10 dollars and banned from entering for one month.A. If you smokeB. Not smokeC. Not smokingD. No smoking3. Daddy, this is my favorite show. Could you.?No. _ before the TV set and Ill cancel our plan to Disneyland tomorrow.A. Have more minuteB. One more minuteC. Given one more minuteD. If you have one more minute4. If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.A.do devoteB. dont devoteC. devotingD. not devoting5. _ your homework before you watch TV.A. DoB. DoingC. To doD. Done6. Follow your doctors advice, _ your illness will get better.A. thenB. orC. andD. but7. _ to the answer, and then you will find where your problem is.A. To referB. ReferringC. ReferredD. Refer8.When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, _?A.do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you题组二 体验真题1. (2017新课标卷I短文改错)I The instructor kept repeating the word(改为words), Speed up! Slow down! Turning left!2. (2016新课标卷语法填空)It could be anything gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is, _ (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.题组一 能力过关1. D 【解析】考查祈使句。句意:有一些措施可以采取来提高你的成绩,其中的一项措施就是:不要忽视你做不好的材料。祈使句的否定式:dont/never+动词原形。2. D 【解析】考查祈使句的否定形式:no+名词/动词-ing形式。句意:图书馆内不得吸烟,否则你将被罚款10美元,并被禁止入内一个月。No smoking禁止吸烟。4. A 【解析】句意:如果你有一份工作,一定要全身心投入,你最后一定会成功的。主句是祈使句,排除C项和D项;由语境可知本句叙述的是肯定的情况,排除B项;强调谓语动词,此处要用助动词do。故选A项。5. A 【解析】考查祈使句。句意:看电视之前要先完成你的作业。分析句子结构可知,before you watch TV是时间状语从句,所以_ your homework是主句,主语省略,因此主句是祈使句,故谓语动词用原形。故选A。6. C 【解析】考查祈使句+and+陈述句句型。句意:听从医生的建议,你的病会好的。祈使句+and+陈述句是固定句型,祈使句相当于if 引导的条件状语从句,根据语境,and还可以由or来代替,表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、请求或命令等。故选C。7. D 【解析】考查祈使句。句意:参考答案,然后你就会发现问题在哪里。使用祈使句+and/or+简单句的句型。故选D。8.C 【解析】祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will you。题组二 体验真题 1.Turning改为Turn 【解析】分析语境可知教练的话加速,减速,左转都是祈使句,根据前文Speed up! Slow down!也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形,故将Turning改为Turn。 6EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F375
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