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第6讲言简意赅的非谓语动词在写作中，如果出现太多的简单句，会让人觉得单调乏味，水平不高；而如果出现太多 的复合句会让人觉得读起来费劲。所以适当地使用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换， 不但显得句式丰富，而且提升了文章的档次。一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句运用非谓语动词转换简单句可采用“三步法”。第一步：写出两个简单句。（1）I felt quite sorry for that.（2）I began to think about what to do to help.第二步：根据两个简单句的意思找出两个句子的对接点，让一个简单句作为主句，另一个简 单句用非谓语动词进行改写。让句（2）作为主句，用非谓语动词改写句（1）。第三步：根据主句主语和动词之间的关系来确定用何种非谓语动词。主句的主语是I ,与动词felt之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。Feeling quite sorry for that, I began to think about what to do to help.即时训练1用非谓语动词转换简单句1 .Consequently ,some viewers began to turn away from cinemas.It led to a slower growth. （2017 江苏） f Consequently , some viewers began to turn away from cinemas , leading to a slower growth.2 .The exhibition will be held in the City Museum.It is located in the north of our city.（2017全全国n ） f Theexhibitionwillbeheldinthe City Museum,located in thenorthofourcity.3 .We ll have a big feast together.We gather around the table and pray for next year s good luck.fWe ll have a big feast together,gathering around the table and praying for next year s good luck.、运用非谓语动词转换复合句相对于用非谓语动词转换简单句，转换复合句要简单一些，只需要两步。因为需要转换 的一般是从句部分，只需根据主句的主语和从句动词的关系判断用何种非谓语动词，再确定 好时态和语态就可以了。第一步：写出复合句Since you have realized that your time is limited, you ll have to study for yourgoals without anger or hesitation.第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，you与realize 之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。Having realized that your time is limited , you ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.即时训练2 用非谓语动词转换复合句1 .We can set out early so that we ll have more time to select books.f To have more time to select books, we can set out early.2 .John was absorbed in painting , so he didn t notice evening approaching.f Absorbed in painting , John didn t notice evening approaching.3 .When I saw a car running towards her , I reached my hand out and pulled her back.f Seeing a car running towards her,I reached my hand out and pulled her back.三、非谓语动词的常用句型1. remain to be done有待于被 It remains to be seen whether this plan will benefit the students or not.这个计划是否对学生们有好处，还需要拭目以待。2. 疑问词+ to doTo all of you , fresh studentshow to adapt yourself to the new environment is thefirst thing that you have to face.对你们所有新生来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是必5须要面对的首要问题。做容易/困难easy to get along with3. be easy/difficult.to do.I hear that our new teacher is我听说我们的新老师很容易相处。4. prefer to do.rather than do./would rather do.than do./would do.ratherthan do. 宁愿做 ,而不愿做 Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈，也不愿与父母面 对面谈话。5. 连词 when/while/once/unless/although+ doing/doneWhile visiting the art exhibition , we discussed the great artists works.参观艺术展时，我们讨论了伟大的艺术家的作品。（2016 天津 ）6. having done. 已经Having spent nearly all our money , we couldn t afford to stay at a hotel.几乎把所有的钱都花完了，我们没有钱住宾馆了。7. by doing.通过做Moreover , by doing the part-time job I can get some precious experience so that Ican better adapt to the development and changes of society.而且，通过做兼职工作，我能获得一些宝贵的经验，以便能更好地适应社会的发展和变化。8. only to do sth. （表示出乎意料的结果）They hurried to the classroom , only to find that all the students had left.他们匆忙赶到教室，却发现所有学生都离开了。9. judging by/from. 根据判断Judging from what he said , we could tell that he was not an honest man.根据他说的话，我们可以判断他不是一个诚实的人。10. compared with/to. 与比较There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.有明显的证据表明，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子相比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记忆力。11. be said/reported/considered.to do.据说/报道/认为Their class is said to have been chosen to take part in the coming ceremony.据说他们班已经被选中参加即将到来的典礼。12. 非谓语动词在独立主格结构中的使用Much time spent sitting at a desk , office workers are generally troubled by health problems.坐办公室的人花大量时间坐在桌旁，常被健康问题所困扰。13. with +宾语+宾语补足语Our Chinese teacher came into the classroom , with some books in her hand.我们的语文老师进了教室，手里拿着一些书。即时训练3 用非谓语动词完成句子1 .与传统的相比，它们有三个新的独特功能。Compared to/with the traditional ones , they have three new unique functions.2 .完成了她的项目后，她应学校邀请给新生演讲。 Having finished her project , she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.3 .他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。He was listeningattentivelyin class ,with his eyes fixed on the blackboard.四、在写作中使用非谓语动词时的常见错误1 .现在分词和过去分词误用误 My mother likes reading the novels正 My mother likes reading the novels误 Our teacher was standing there正 Our teacher was standing there2 . be+ adj. + to do ”结构的误用误 Most of us think that this sentence正 Most of us think that this sentence误 The new student is hard正 The new student is hard3 .逻辑主语使用不当writingby Mo Yan.writtenby Mo Yan.with her eyes fixing on my mobile phone. with her eyes fixed on my mobile phone.is hard to be understood .is hard to understand .which makes us upset.to get along ,to get along with误 While cleaning the floor 正 While cleaning the floor,her finger was a little hurt.,she got her finger a little hurt.正 While she was cleaning the floor,her finger was a little hurt.4.不定式符号to使用不当误 While we were having a rest正 While we were having a rest误 While we were having a rest 正 While we were having a restI .用非谓语动词完成句子1.我很荣幸被邀请到这里来发言。hadmy sisterto buysome foodhadmy sisterbuy some food.gotmy sisterbuy some food.gotmy sisterto buysome food综合演练I think it a great honor tobe invited here to speak., which makes us upset.2 .饭菜上来后，先让长辈品尝，因为在中国长者很受尊重。（2018 全国I ）The seniors are usually the first to taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China.3 .得知我们图书馆要买书，我想给一些建议。Knowing that our library is going to buy books , I d like to give some suggestions.4 .我们坐在一起吃月饼和水果，分享我们的故事。We sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit, sharing our stories.5 .这部电影将在星期天下午放映，从 4点到6点持续两个小时。（2018 全国H ）The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon , lasting 2 hours , from 4:00 to 6:00.6 .坦率地讲，在不同文化里拿学位，绝不是一件容易的事。（2018 北京 ）To be frank , studying for a degree in a different culture is never easy.7 .这所大学因专为留学生设置的语言与文化课程而著名。（2018 北京 ）The university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.8 .班长生病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。The monitor being ill , we d better put the meeting off.n .根据以下内容要点写一篇短文，尽可能多地使用非谓语动词假定你叫李华，是英才中学的学生会主席，你校将接待一批来自英国的学生到你校学习 汉语。Mike发邮件询问你校的基本情况，请你给Mike回复邮件，内容要点如下：1 .学校介绍；2 .师资情况；3 .学生情况。 参考范文 Dear Mike ,I m Li Hua, the Chairman of the Students Union of Yingcai Middle School.Welcome to our school to learn Chinese.Let me tell you something about our school briefly.Our school , a key middle school with a history of more than 100 years , is located in a famous historical and cultural town.Consisting of two campuses, this schoolcovers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4,000 students and teachers.The beautiful school , well-known for its excellent teachers , is also well equipped with modern facilities.With talented graduates entering famous universities every year , the school enjoys a good reputation.Wish you an enjoyable trip here!Looking forward to your coming!Yours sincerelyLi Hua
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