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专题11 非谓语动词丢分题详解【2019 四川凉山州中考】Is it necessary _ us _ some photos before saving the old man? Yes, it is. We can protect ourselves if we do so. A. of; taking B. for; taking C. of; to take D. for; to take【试题答案】D【参考答案】句意：在救那个老人之前，我们有必要拍些照片吗？是的，它是。如果我们这样做，我们可以保护自己。Its +adj. for /of sb. to do sth “对某人来说做某事样”，该结构中it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语，故排除A、B两项；通常由of或for引出不定式动作的执行者，如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.；如果形容词是仅仅来描述事物的，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible用for 引出动作的执行者，故选D。丢分探因此题如果学生分不清it is adj. for sb. to do sth.和it is adj. for sb. doing sth.，学生很容易误选B， todo表示有目的性，doing表示正在进行。此处表示在救那个老人之前，我们有必要拍些照片吗？故选D。查漏补缺1. 动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免头重脚轻常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为做某事对某人来说是。It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为做某事花费某人多长时间。To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse, afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think, find, believe等动词可用于动词+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。2. 不定式的特殊用法 使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 常接疑问词+带to的不定式的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。方法技巧非谓语动词解题七大原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。【巧学妙记】后跟to do作宾语的动词（词组）(1)想要，拒绝，忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget)(2)需要，努力，学习 (need, try, learn)(3)喜欢，同意，帮助 (like, agree, help)(4)希望，决定，开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start)【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意(mind)丢分题详解 【2019 湖北省咸宁中】 Come and see! The baby is crying.Please do something to make him _.A. stop cryingB. stop to cryC. cryingD. cry【参考答案】A【试题解析】句意：过来看看！婴儿在哭。 做点什么让他别哭了。A. stop crying 停止哭；B. stop to cry停下来去哭；C为动名词；D为的动词原形。make sb . do sth. 使某人做某事，make后跟动词原形，排除C；还考查了stop的用法。stop doing sth. 是停止做某事；stop to do sth. 是停下来做另一件事。结合语境：The baby is crying. 婴儿在哭。可知，应该是做点什么让婴儿别哭了。故选A。丢分探因此题考查短语stop doing sth.的用法，stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事，stop doing sth. 停止做某事，学生掌握住这个知识点就能做对此题。有类似用法的动词有：forget, remember等等。查漏补缺（一）动名词的构成动名词是由动词+-ing构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。（二）动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：It is no use（good）+v.ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busyNo matter what happened, I wont give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。（三）动名词的特殊用法 即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, cant bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, cant afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。中考题演练1. 【2019 广西省河池中考】My parents dont allow me _ TV on school nights.A. to watchB. watchC. watchesD. watching【答案】A【解析】句意：我的父母不允许我在上学日的晚上看电视。to watch动词不定式；watch观看，动词原形；watches第三人称单数形式；watching动名词形式。句中使用了句型allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，故应选A。2. 【2019 四川省内江中考】Where is Mike?I saw him _ with Mr. Smith in the hallways just now.A. to talkB. talkingC. talkedD. talks【答案】B【解析】句意：Mike在哪里?我刚才看见他在走廊里和Smith先生谈话。考查动词非谓语。A. to talk动词不定式；B. talking动名词或现在分词；C. talked过去式或过去分词；D. talks第三人称单数。根据I saw him_with Mr. Smith in the hallways just now.可知这里考查see的用法，see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事，强调看着做的整个过程；see sb. doing sth.看见某人正做某事，强调正在进行。根据just now（刚刚），在这里应该是刚刚看见他在走廊里和Smith先生正在谈话，强调正在进行的动作，所以应该用see sb. doing sth.故答案选B。3. 【2019 云南昆明中考】Yunnan Museum is such an interesting place that many kids have fun it.A. visiting B. to visit C. reading D. to read【答案】A【解析】句意：云南博物馆是一个非常有趣的地方，以至于很多孩子都很喜欢参观。have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣，根据suchaninterestingplacethatmanykidshavefun可知句意：云南博物馆是一个非常有趣的地方，以至于很多孩子都很喜欢参观。故选A。4. 【2019 四川省遂宁中考】These foreigners are practicing Chinese. A. to speakB. speakingC. speakD. speaks【答案】B【解析】句意：这些外国人正在练习说汉语。practice doing sth表示练习做某事。故选B。5. 【2019 内蒙古呼和浩特中考】It is wise Linda to make up her mind to play an instrument. A. for; learning B. for; to learn C. of; learning D. of; to learn【答案】D 【解析】句意：对琳达来说明智的做法是下定决心学会演奏乐器。Itsadj. for/ofsb.todo sth. 对某人来说样，用for 是因为前面的adj.是来描述do后面的sth.用of ，adj.就用来形容sb的，it is adj. of sb. to do，这里的形容词是形容人的性格特征的，如nice，kind clever，foolish，smart，都是形容人的，it is adj. for sb. to do就是普通的形容词，如hard，impossible，important. 空格用for，因此答案应是for。由题干对琳达来说明智的做法是下定决心学会演奏乐器。可知，第一个空格用for；第二个空格用to learn，因此答案应是for；to learn。故选D。6. 【2019 湖南省湘潭中考】Alex, would you mind down the music? Its too noisy. Sorry, dad. Ill do it right away. A. turnB. turningC. to turn【答案】B【解析】根据句意：亚历克斯. 你介意调小音乐吗？太吵了。对不起，爸爸。我马上就去做。考查mind doing sth介意做某事。 故选B。7. 【2019 海南省中考】Mrs Green refuses sweet food. She doesnt want to get fat. A. eatB. eatingC. to eat【答案】C【解析】refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事，句意：格林太太拒绝吃甜食。她不想发胖。故选C。8.【2019 河南省中考】Do you always get up so early?Yes, _ the first bus. My home is far away from school.A. catchB. to catchC. catchingD. caught【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你总是起床这么早吗？ 是的，为了赶上早班车。我家离学校很远。动词不定式表示目的，故选B。9. 【2019 黑龙江省哈尔滨中考】Kidslikereadingstorieswhichcanmakethem _. A. laughB.tolaughC. laughing【答案】A【解析】句意：孩子们喜欢读故事，故事可以使他们开怀大笑。短语make sb./sth. do sth.意为使做某事，故动词用原形。10.【2019 湖南省湘西中考】John, remember _ off the lights when you leave the classroom.No problem！A. turn B. turned C. to turn【答案】C【解析】句意：John，记得离开教室的时候关灯。没问题。remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（还未做）；remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）。结合语境，记得关灯，还未做，故用remember to do sth.，故选C。11.【2019 湖南省岳阳中考】People enjoy _ zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival. A. eatB. eatingC. to eat【答案】B【解析】句意：端午节人们喜欢吃粽子。 enjoy doing sth.表示喜欢做某事。故选B。12.【2019 江苏省南京中考】Do you have any plans for the holiday?Yes, Im planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou. Im looking forward to _ the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls. A. seeB. seeingC. seesD. saw【答案】B【解析】句意：你有什么假期计划吗？是的，我计划去九寨沟旅游。我期待着看到色彩斑斓的湖泊和宁静的瀑布。look forward to doing期待做某事。故选B。13. 【2019 四川省自贡中考】My uncle is against wasting anything. No wonder he would rather _ the old bike than _ a new one. A. repair; to buyB. to repair; buyC. repair; buy【答案】C【解析】句意：难怪他宁愿修理旧自行车也不愿买新自行车。would rather do sth than do sth表示宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。故选C。14. 【2019 天津市中考】The government is setting up nature parks _ protect pandas. A. to helpB. helpC. helpedD. helps【答案】A【解答】句意：政府正在建立自然公园来帮助保护熊猫。根据该空处在句中作目的状语，故填入动词不定式在句中作目的状语，故填入to help。故选A。 15. 【2019 贵州省安顺中考】What time do you get up in the morning on school days?I get up at 7:00 every morning to avoid _ the early bus.A. missB. missedC. missing D. to miss【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语。句意：你上学的时候早上几点起床？我每天早上7点起床以避免错过早班车。短语avoid doing sth.：避免做某事，avoid是及物动词；结合句意可知missing；故选C。16. 【2019 四川省成都中考】Smart phones _ by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world.A. madeB. makingC. to make【答案】A【解析】句意：华为生产的智能手机在全球越来越受欢迎。本题的题干是简单句，分析句子成分并结合选项可知，空格处应用非谓语动词。A. made过去分词、过去式；B. making现在分词；C. to make动词不定式。make与主语是被动关系，需用过去分词形式；故选A。17. 【2019 甘肃省天水中考】Hong Kong Disneyland is well worth _.A. to visitB. visitedC. visitD. visiting【答案】D【解析】根据句意：香港迪士尼乐园值得参观。考查句型be worth doing值得做某事。故选D。18. 【2019 甘肃省兰州中考】We are supposed _ some housework with our parents when we have free time.A. to shareB. sharingC. sharedD. share【答案】A【解析】句意：我们有空的时候应该和父母一起分担家务。A为动词不定式；B为动名词；C为过去式；D为动词原形。本题考查be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事。be supposed to. 其中to是动词不定式符号，不是介词，其后要跟动词原形。当be supposed to. 的主语是人 时，意为应该；被期望，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。因此本题应该选择动词不定式。所以选A。19. 【2019 贵州毕节中考】Betty is often seen _ the lonely old man with his housework.A. to helpB. helpingC. helpsD. helped【答案】A【解析】句意：贝蒂经常被看到帮助老人做家务。根据see sb doing看到某人正在做；see sb do看到某人做某事（全过程）可知，本句话表示看到全过程，省略to，变成被动时，to要加上，即sb be seen to do，故选A。模拟题检测1. (广东梅州县颈义中学2019-2020学年第一学期中联考) It took me ten days reading the novels written by Guo Jingming.A. finishB. to finishC. finishedD. finishing【答案】B【解析】句意：我花十天时间读完了郭敬明小说。A. finish（原形）；B. to finish（不定式）；C. finished（一般过去式、过去分词）；D. finishing（动名词）；本句是固定句型It takes sb +时间+ to do sth意为“某人花多长时间做某事”，判断空格用不定式； 故选B。2. (济南汇才学校2019-2020学年度第一学期期中) Some students think it useful _ English songs to improve their English.A. sangB. to singC. singingD. sings【答案】B【解析】句意：一些学生认为唱英文歌对提高他们的英语很有用。考查动词形式辨析。本句是固定句型“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式”结构，不定式做真正宾语；根据句意结构，可知选B。3. (河南省南阳市内乡县2019届九年级中招一模) _ challenges actively, and then youll try your best to overcome them and you will become a better person.A. To faceB. FaceC. FacingD. Faces【答案】B【解析】句意“积极地面对挑战，然后你将会尽你最大的努力来克服他们并且成为一个更好的人”。根据句意可知，用祈使句+and+陈述句（一般将来时）。祈使句省略主语you，直接以动词原形开头，故选B。4. (安徽省桐城市第二中学2019届九年级下学期第三次模拟) I prefer _ the failure rather than _ my dream.A. experience; to give upB. to experience; give upC. experienceing; giving upD. to experience; to give up【答案】B【解析】句意：我宁愿经历失败也不愿意放弃梦想。本题考查动词固定搭配。prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“宁愿做.而不做.”，故选B。5. (北京市上地实验学校2019-2020学年九年级上学期第二次统练) .Aunt Li often asks her son _ too much meat. Its bad for his health.A. eatingB. not to eatC. not eatingD. to eat【答案】B【解析】句意：李阿姨经常叫她的儿子不要吃太多肉。那样对他的健康有害。考查非谓语动词。ask sb. (not) to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“要求某人（不要）做某事”，B选项符合句子结构，故应选B。 6. (广东珠海市北大附属实验学校初中部2020届九年级上学期10月调研) I love this song by Liang Bo. Would you mind _ the TV a bit ? I cant hear it clearly.A. turning onB. to turn offC. turning upD. turn up【答案】C【解析】句意“我喜欢梁博唱的这首歌，你是否介意将电视声音调高一点？我不能听得很清楚”。turn on打开；turn off关闭；C.turn up调高（声音等）。第一空处，根据mind可知，用mind doing“介意做某事”，排除B和D；且根据I cant hear it clearly“我不能听得很清楚”可知，表示“调高声音”。故选C。7. (广东省江门市恩平2019-2020学年度第一学期期中调研)It shows that the population in countries is larger than in developed countries.A. developed；that B. developing；thoseC. developing；that D. developed；those【答案】C【解析】句意：这表明发展中国家的人口比发达国家多。根据事实，发展中国家的人口比发达国家人口数量更大，第一个空，和后一句中的developed对比，因此次空为发展中，developing，现在分词作定语；第二个空，比较级中than后用代词代指上文提到的单数名词，避免重复，population是不可数名词，所以用that。故选C。8. (2019年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟)How do you feel after watching the movie Amazing, My Country?Well, I think it is lucky for us _ this great country.A. to liveB. to live inC. livingD. living in【答案】B【解析】句意：-看了厉害了，我的国这部电影后你觉得怎么样？-嗯，我认为我们生活在这个伟大的国家是幸运的。考查固定句型Its +形容词+for sb. to do sth.：做某事对于某人来说是什么样子的；live：居住，不及物动词，住在某个地方是live in；故选B。9. (河南南阳方城县2019年中招模拟)Thanks a lot for getting out of your way _ me. Its my pleasure. A. help B. helping C. helped D. to help【答案】D【解析】句意：非常感谢你竭尽全力来帮我。不用谢。Go out of ones way to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“竭尽全力做某事”，故选D。10. (2019年汕头市潮南区模拟) 10.Mr Grea found Tom a novel in class when he came in.A. is readingB. readingC. readD. to read【答案】B【解析】句意：格蕾亚先生发现汤姆在课上读小说当他进来的时候。A. is reading正在读，现在进行时；B. reading正在读，现在分词；C. read读，动词原形；D. to read读，不定式。发现某人做某事为固定搭配，有两种形式find sb do sth和find sb doing sth。根据when he came in可知，发现某人正在做某事，故选B。11. (甘肃省民勤县民勤六中20192020学年度第一学期期中) Peter has changed a lot, hasnt he?Yes. He used to _ the guitar, but now he is used to _ soccer.A. plays; playing B. play; platsC. play; playing D. playing; play【答案】C【解析】句意：彼得已经改变了很多，不是吗？是的。过去他常常弹吉他，但是现在他习惯了踢足球。used to do sth.表“过去常常做”，而be/ get used to doing表“习惯于做某事”，根据句意选C。12. (云南石林 鹿阜中学2019-2020学年上学期九月学情检测) Its too hard _ the spoken English when watching English movies. A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood【答案】A 【解析】句意：看英文电影时理解英语口语太难了。该句中it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语，故选A。13. (盘锦市大洼区田家学校20192020第一学期九年级第二次质检) Well do what we can _ our environment. A. protect B. to protect C. be protected D. be protecting【答案】B【解析】句意：我们将做我们所能做的来保护环境。句中需要不定式短语作目的状语，故选B。14. (江苏省徐州市泉山区2020届第一月考) We find _ impossible for us _ a foreign language well in a short time.A. that; learning B. this; to learn C. one; learning D. it; to learn【答案】D【解析】句意：我们发现对我们来说短期内学好英语是不可能的。该句的结构为“主语+谓语+it+形容词+of/ for sb.+动词不定式”，其中it为形式宾语，不定式短语作为真正的宾语。15. (安徽省潜山市第四中学2020届上学期第二次月考) The high-speed railway “Fu Xing Hao” _ Beijing with shanghai has been in service since June 26, 2017.A. connectsB. to connectC. connectedD. connecting【答案】D【解析】句意：连接北京和上海的“复兴号”高铁已从2017年六月26日投入使用。该句需要ing形式的短语做后置定语，修饰The high-speed railway “Fu Xing Hao” ，故选D。
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