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单单词词名名词词指人：指人：Canadian, minister, schoolmate 指物：指物：baggage, bush, maple, frost, mist, booth, buffet 与地点有关：与地点有关：continent, harbour, border 其它：其它：dawn, scenery, tradition, eagle, acre, topic, mixture, distance, quiz 动动词词chat, surround, measure, mix, confirm, terrify, impress 单单词词形形容容词词slight, urban, wealthy, misty, broad, terrified, pleased, impressive 副副词词与方位及地点有关：与方位及地点有关：eastward, westward, upward, downtown, nearby 其它：其它：slightly, approximately 介介词词aboard, within短短语语词词汇汇表表prime minister, rather than, settle down, manage to do, catch sight of, have a gift for, in the distance 课课文文on a trip to, all the way, on the way to, go through, a wheat-growing province, go on a tour of, as far as, at dawn, be close to, dream of 句句式式1. . have more . than any other . 例句：例句：Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world.2. . rush across . through . and southward towards . 例句：例句：That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.语语法法同位语从句同位语从句(一一) 基本单词基本单词1. _ vi. & n. 闲聊，聊天闲聊，聊天2. _ n. 景色；风景景色；风景3. _ vi. & vt. 测量；衡量；判定测量；衡量；判定 n.计量制；计量单位；措施计量制；计量单位；措施4. _ prep. & adv. 在船在船/飞机飞机/火车火车 或公共汽车上或公共汽车上chatscenerymeasureaboard5. _ prep. 在在之内之内6. _ n. 边界；国界；边沿边界；国界；边沿 vt. &vi.与与接壤；接近接壤；接近7. _ vt. 证实；证明；批准证实；证明；批准8. _ adv. 接近；大约接近；大约9. _ adv. 在附近在附近 adj. 附近的；邻近的附近的；邻近的withinborderconfirmapproximatelynearby10. _ n. 测验；问答比赛测验；问答比赛11. _ n. 大陆；洲大陆；洲12. _ n. 行李行李13. _ adv. 向东向东 adj. 向东的；向东的； 朝东的朝东的14. _ adv. 向西向西 adj. 向西的；向西的； 朝西的朝西的15. _ adv. 向上地；上升地向上地；上升地 adj. 上升的；向上的上升的；向上的16. _ n. 海港海港quizcontinentbaggageeastwardwestwardupwardharbour17. _ adj. 城市的；市镇的城市的；市镇的18. _ n. 话题话题19. _ adj. 富有的富有的20. _ n. 薄雾薄雾 _ adj. 有薄雾的有薄雾的21. _ adj. 市区的市区的 adv. 在市区；往市区在市区；往市区22. _ n. 黎明；佛晓黎明；佛晓23. _ adj. 宽阔的；广泛的宽阔的；广泛的24. _ adj. 欣喜的；高兴的欣喜的；高兴的urbantopicwealthymistmistydowntowndawnbroadpleased(二二) 派生单词派生单词25. _ vt. & vi. 包围；围绕包围；围绕_ n. 周围的事物；环周围的事物；环境境_ adj. 周围的周围的26. _ vt. &vi. 混合；调配混合；调配_ n. 混合混合(物物)；混合状态；混合状态27. _ n. 距离；远方距离；远方_ adj. 远的；远方的远的；远方的surroundsurroundingssurroundingmixmixturedistancedistant28._ n. 传统；风俗传统；风俗_ adj. 传统的传统的29._ vt. 使恐怖；恐吓使恐怖；恐吓_ adj. 恐惧的；受惊吓的恐惧的；受惊吓的_ n. 恐惧恐惧 _ adj. 恐怖的；恐惧的恐怖的；恐惧的30._vt. 使印象深刻；使铭记使印象深刻；使铭记_ adj. 给人深刻印象的；感给人深刻印象的；感人的人的_ n. 印象印象traditiontraditionalterrifyterrifiedterrorterribleimpressimpressiveimpression1. 与其；不愿与其；不愿2. 定居；安静下来；专心于定居；安静下来；专心于3. 设法做设法做 4. 看见；瞥见看见；瞥见 5. 对对有天赋有天赋6. 在远处在远处 7. 被被围绕围绕8. 在黎明时分在黎明时分rather thansettle down manage to docatch sight ofhave a gift forin the distancebe surrounded byat dawn1. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. rather than宁愿宁愿而不愿而不愿；而不；而不 是是；与其；与其倒不如倒不如(连接平行结构连接平行结构)2. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city.not.until.直到直到才才1. surround vt. & vi.包围；围绕包围；围绕(课文原句课文原句) People say it is Canadas most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.翻译：翻译：人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。市，被大山和太平洋环抱。【归纳【归纳】 surround.with. 使使包围包围 be surrounded by/with. 被被包围包围【拓展【拓展】 surrounding adj. 周围的周围的 surroundings n. 环境环境2. measure vt. & vi. 测量；衡量；判定测量；衡量；判定 n. 计量制；计量单位；措施；尺寸计量制；计量单位；措施；尺寸(课文原句课文原句) It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.翻译：翻译：那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达特别高，一些高达90多米。多米。【归纳【归纳】 take measures to do sth. 采取措施干采取措施干 measure sth. by sth. 用用来衡量来衡量 in a/some measure 在某种程度上在某种程度上 make.to ones measure 依照某人的尺寸做依照某人的尺寸做3. confirm vt. 证实；证明证实；证明(尤指提供证据来尤指提供证据来 证明证明)；批准；批准(课文原句课文原句) The next morning the bushes and maples trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.翻译：翻译：第二天早上，第二天早上， 在她们的车窗外到处是灌在她们的车窗外到处是灌木丛和枫树，挂满朱红、赤金和橘黄色的叶子，木丛和枫树，挂满朱红、赤金和橘黄色的叶子，地面上覆盖了一层薄霜，表明秋天已经来到了地面上覆盖了一层薄霜，表明秋天已经来到了加拿大。加拿大。【归纳【归纳】 confirm sb. in belief/opinion/theory 使某人对信念使某人对信念/观点观点/理论明确理论明确 confirm sth./that.证实证实 confirm whether.确认是否确认是否 It has been confirmed that.已经确定已经确定【拓展【拓展】confirmation n. 证实，确认书，证明书证实，确认书，证明书confirmed adj. 成习惯的，根深蒂固的成习惯的，根深蒂固的4. distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；疏远距离；远方；遥远；疏远 v. 不介入；与不介入；与疏远疏远(课文原句课文原句) In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.翻译：翻译：远处，她们可以看到湖的南边尼亚远处，她们可以看到湖的南边尼亚加拉大瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。湖水流入加拉大瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。湖水流入尼亚加拉河，再经过大瀑布，流向大海。尼亚加拉河，再经过大瀑布，流向大海。【归纳【归纳】 in the distance 在远方；在远处在远方；在远处 at/from a distance 隔一段距离；从远处隔一段距离；从远处 keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远对某人冷淡；与某人疏远 keep ones distance from 与与保持距离保持距离【拓展【拓展】distant adj. 遥远的，远处的遥远的，远处的5. terrify v. 使恐怖；恐吓使恐怖；恐吓【归纳【归纳】 terrify sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做吓唬某人做【拓展【拓展】 be terrified of 害怕；恐惧害怕；恐惧 be terrified at/with. 对对感到恐惧感到恐惧 terrifying adj. 令人恐怖的令人恐怖的 a terrifying accident 令人恐怖的事故令人恐怖的事故6. impress vt. 使铭记；铭刻；使印象深刻使铭记；铭刻；使印象深刻【归纳【归纳】 impress.on. 把把印在印在上上 impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人牢记某事；使某人牢记某事；使某人意识到使某人意识到 impress sb. with sth. 给某人留下给某人留下的印象的印象 be impressed by/with sth. 对对印象深刻印象深刻【拓展【拓展】 impression n. 印象印象1) make/leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象给某人留下印象2) give sb. the impression of. 给人给人的印象的印象 用用impress的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。(1) The lady _ me with her great patience and kindness.(2) His heroic deed created a lasting _ on people.impressedimpression1. settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于定居；平静下来；专心于(课文原句课文原句) That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats.翻译：翻译：那天下午表姐妹俩才登上火车落了那天下午表姐妹俩才登上火车落了座。座。【拓展【拓展】 settle down to (doing) sth. 开始注意某事物开始注意某事物 settle on/upon 决定；同意决定；同意(某事某事) settle in/into 适应适应 (新的家、工作、环境等新的家、工作、环境等) settlement n. 解决；处理；决定；和解决；处理；决定；和 解；殖民地解；殖民地reach/arrive at a settlement 达成协议达成协议settler n. 移民；殖民者移民；殖民者settle in1) (使使)迁入迁入(新居新居)，(使使)安顿安顿2) (使使)适应，适应，(使使)习惯习惯settle in/into 表示的适应、习惯于主要指的表示的适应、习惯于主要指的是安顿下来，适应新家。是安顿下来，适应新家。settle on 决定或达成一致意见决定或达成一致意见2. manage to do 设法做设法做(课文原句课文原句) Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.翻译：翻译：火车先是穿越落基山脉，她们总算火车先是穿越落基山脉，她们总算看到了野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊看到了野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。和一只鹰。【拓展【拓展】 try to do sth. 尽力做某事尽力做某事 manage sb. 设法对付某人设法对付某人 manage sth. 经营经营/管理管理 manage it 能做到能做到manage to do 设法做成设法做成(完成完成)某事，含有某事，含有成功之义；成功之义；try to do 争取做成某事，不一定成功。如争取做成某事，不一定成功。如:He managed to get the work done with very little help.He tried to get the work done with very little help.manage to do, try to do catch sight of 看见；瞥见看见；瞥见【拓展【拓展】 lose sight of 没看见没看见 at first sight 乍一看；初看时乍一看；初看时 in sight 看得见看得见 out of sight 看不见看不见 lose ones sight 丧失视力丧失视力 fix ones sight on 把目光固定在把目光固定在 come into sight 进入视野，出现进入视野，出现3. have a gift for 对对有天赋有天赋(课文原句课文原句) Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.翻译：翻译：他们中许多人都有骑野马的才能，他们中许多人都有骑野马的才能，他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。【拓展【拓展】 be gifted/talented in 在在方面有天方面有天 赋赋 have a talent for 对对有天赋有天赋1. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. rather than宁愿宁愿而不愿而不愿；而不；而不 是是；与其；与其倒不如（平行结构）倒不如（平行结构）如：如： My father was engaged in writing rather than reading the newspaper. 【拓展【拓展】 prefer to do . rather than do . 宁愿宁愿而不愿而不愿 other than 除了除了 would rather 宁愿宁愿 would ratherthan宁愿宁愿而不愿而不愿【提示【提示】would rather后接宾语从句，谓语后接宾语从句，谓语用虚拟语气。表现在或将来的愿望，谓语用虚拟语气。表现在或将来的愿望，谓语用一般过去时；表过去的愿望，谓语用过用一般过去时；表过去的愿望，谓语用过去完成时。去完成时。2. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city.not.until. 直到直到才才e.g.I didnt know the fact until I read your email.1) until引导时间状语从句时：引导时间状语从句时：若主句谓语动词为延续性动词，那么这个若主句谓语动词为延续性动词，那么这个主句需用肯定句式，表示动作一直持续到主句需用肯定句式，表示动作一直持续到until所表示的时间为止。所表示的时间为止。若主句谓语动词为非延续性动词，如若主句谓语动词为非延续性动词，如go, come, leave, begin等，那么主句常用否定式，等，那么主句常用否定式，表示某一动作到表示某一动作到until所表示的时间才发生，所表示的时间才发生，构成构成 “not.until.”结构。结构。若从句表示的动作还没发生，习惯上也要若从句表示的动作还没发生，习惯上也要用一般现在时态而不用一般将来时态。用一般现在时态而不用一般将来时态。2) 在在 “not.until”结构中，可以把结构中，可以把not until置于句首，句子构成倒装语序。置于句首，句子构成倒装语序。3) not.until.句型的强调句式为句型的强调句式为 “It is/was not until.that.”。4) until也可以作介词，构成时间状语。也可以作介词，构成时间状语。_ a single world can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. (2015浙江卷浙江卷)A. Just as B. Even though C. Until D. Unless【考点定位【考点定位】考查状语从句的连接词考查状语从句的连接词句意：正如一个单词可以改变句子的意思那样，句意：正如一个单词可以改变句子的意思那样，一个句子也能够改变一个段落的意思。一个句子也能够改变一个段落的意思。A意为正意为正如，如， B意为尽管，用于让步状语从句，意为尽管，用于让步状语从句， C意为意为直到，直到， D意为除非。意为除非。A在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句，叫同在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。同位语从句用来解释说明前面名位语从句。同位语从句用来解释说明前面名词的内容。词的内容。一、一、同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词后同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词后，如如belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, order, possibility, promise, suggestion, problem, thought, word, view等，用以说明或解释该等，用以说明或解释该名词的具体内容。如：名词的具体内容。如：同位语从句同位语从句There is widespread belief that an agreement has been made.I have no doubt that he will succeed.The fact that we didnt win when we were so close is very disappointing.There is little hope that they will be found alive.Is there any possibility that you could pick me up from the station?Do I have your promise that you wont tell anyone about this?二、二、同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子的结构显得平衡整个句子的结构显得平衡。如：。如： Joan got the news from Mary that a pay rise had been agreed.The thought had crossed my mind that we were taking a big risk.Word came that our duties would be changed. 三、三、同位语从句通常由同位语从句通常由that引导，引导，that不在不在从句中充当成分，一般不能省略从句中充当成分，一般不能省略；同位语从；同位语从句也可以句也可以由由whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why等引导等引导。如：。如：We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.The question who should do the work needs to be considered.I have no idea why the television isnt working.四、四、order, request, requirement, suggestion等表建议、劝告、命令等名词后等表建议、劝告、命令等名词后的同位语从的同位语从句中谓语动词用句中谓语动词用“should +动词原形动词原形”，should可省。如：可省。如：He gave orders that the work (should) be started immediately.Anderson repeated his request that we (should) put off the meeting. It is a legal requirement that you (should) have insurance for your car.They didnt like my suggestion that we (should) all share the cost.【提示【提示】 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句相当于名词，与其说明的名词是等同位语从句相当于名词，与其说明的名词是等同关系，即说明它前面的名词的内容；而定语同关系，即说明它前面的名词的内容；而定语从句的作用相当于一个形容词，与它的先行词从句的作用相当于一个形容词，与它的先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，即限定它前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，即限定它前面的名词的范围，或补充说明一些情况。如：的范围，或补充说明一些情况。如：The problem that economics is getting worse seems to be quite serious. (同位语从句同位语从句)The problem that now arises seems to be quite serious. (定语从句定语从句)引导同位语从句的引导同位语从句的that是一个连词，在从句是一个连词，在从句中不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的中不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语等。充当主语、宾语等。that引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句的句子成分是完整的，而它引导的定语从句的句子成分是完整的，而它引导的定语从句的句子成分不完整。如：的句子成分不完整。如：This evidence supports the view that there is too much violence on television. (同位语从句同位语从句)The views that are expressed in this book are purely those of the author. (定语从句定语从句)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. (2014重庆卷重庆卷 )A. when B. Why C. that D. how 考点：考察同位语从句连词辨析考点：考察同位语从句连词辨析本题实际上是一个同位语从句，是对名词本题实际上是一个同位语从句，是对名词idea的内容进行的说明。的内容进行的说明。B句意：句意：Mike拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？是真的吗？是的，我不知道他为什么要这是的，我不知道他为什么要这样做。耶鲁大学是他最喜欢的大学之一。短样做。耶鲁大学是他最喜欢的大学之一。短语语have no idea后面可以使用多种形式的同后面可以使用多种形式的同位语结构，如位语结构，如have no idea where to go等。等。根据句意可知使用根据句意可知使用why表示原因。表示原因。故故B正确。正确。2016. 天津天津 11. The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 试题分析：句意：经理提出一个建议，我试题分析：句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思是完整的。用同位语从句成分和意思是完整的。用that引引导，导，that不作成分，只是起着连接的作用。不作成分，只是起着连接的作用。B旅游报告是描写游览中的所见所闻，并以旅游报告是描写游览中的所见所闻，并以此表达自己思想感情的描写文。描写过程此表达自己思想感情的描写文。描写过程中，用简洁的语言说明景点的地理位置、中，用简洁的语言说明景点的地理位置、人文历史以及旅途见闻等。旅游报告的写人文历史以及旅途见闻等。旅游报告的写法比较灵活，可以在描写景点的过程中抒法比较灵活，可以在描写景点的过程中抒发感情，夹叙夹议，也可以先描写旅途见发感情，夹叙夹议，也可以先描写旅途见闻，再表达自己的感受。闻，再表达自己的感受。如何写描述性旅游报告如何写描述性旅游报告【写作指导【写作指导】旅游报告大致包括以下几个写作步骤：旅游报告大致包括以下几个写作步骤： 1. 简要介绍你的主题，即你所去的地方。简要介绍你的主题，即你所去的地方。2. 具体列出见闻的内容。在这部分首先要介绍具体列出见闻的内容。在这部分首先要介绍自己旅游的路线或顺序，这样可以使你的旅游自己旅游的路线或顺序，这样可以使你的旅游报告内容清晰；其次描述时要分清主次，详略报告内容清晰；其次描述时要分清主次，详略得当，要选择最有特色、最感兴趣的景物来描得当，要选择最有特色、最感兴趣的景物来描述。述。3. 对旅游的总结。在介绍完自己在某地的见闻对旅游的总结。在介绍完自己在某地的见闻后，要对此次旅行进行简短的总结。后，要对此次旅行进行简短的总结。【常用表达【常用表达】 .be known for. . be located/ situated in . . cover an area of . . have a history of . We paid a visit to . I really enjoyed the trip to . The trip to . impressed me greatly.【范文【范文】 Adam and I have just got home from a visit to Apamea. It was only a short visit but I will remember it forever. Apamea is an ancient site on the bank of the Orontes River. There are a lot of ruins which tourists can walk around and where they can learn about many different civilizations (文明文明). We arrived on Tuesday evening and the first thing we did was set up our camp. The sky was very clear and we could see millions of stars. The next morning was very hot but we visited the Roman city. There were enormous columns (柱子柱子) and high walls which amazed us. The next day was another hot day and we climbed up the hill to the medieval citadel (堡垒堡垒). I didnt think the ruins were interesting, but the views from the top were unbelievable and we could see a long way across Syria. As the sun went down over the plain, we saw the buildings change color, from a dark red to pink and purple. It was an amazing sight I will never forget. I. 根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式。或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式。1. Special _ (措施措施) are being taken to protect the local water supplies.2. You cant imagine how excited I was when I saw the ancient tower in the d_.3. After taking some photos, they stopped at the top of the hill to admire the s_.measures distancescenery 4. The two governments have settled their differences over their common _ (边界边界).5. The girl was t_ by that big black cat and screamed for help.6. I live in a very old town which is _ (围绕围绕) by beautiful woods.7. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot w_ easy reach.8. Your house is always so neat how do you m_ it with three children?border terrified surroundedwithinmanageII. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1. Many _ (wealth) businessmen contribute to political parties.2. If theres anything we can do, wed be _ (please) to help.3. The story begins on one _ (mist) October morning.4. That was a(n) _ (impress) performance from such a young tennis player.5. This problem is only _ (slight) difficult; I can work it out.wealthypleased mistyimpressiveslightlyIII. 每空填一词，使每组句子的意思相同每空填一词，使每组句子的意思相同 或相近或相近。1. Together they walked until they reached the city wall. Together they walked _ the city wall.as far as 2. He would rather discuss it with friends than with his family. He would _ discuss it with friends _ with his family.3. Mary is good at dealing with children. Mary has _ dealing with children.prefer torather thana gift for阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Located 450 kilometers from the Arctic Circle, Yakutsk in Siberia, Russia is one of the 1. _ (cold) major cities in the world. It has a population 2. _ approximately 300,000 and average winter temperatures lower than minus 34 degrees centigrade. coldestofPeople didnt start to settle 3. _ in large numbers in Yakutsk until the 1880s and 1890s when gold and other minerals 4. _ (discover) there. The city now produces 5. _ fifth of the worlds diamonds.downwere discovereda / oneDawn in Yakutsk comes late and the sun doesnt start to appear through the frost and mist until well after 10 am. People in Yakutsk spend as little time 6. _ possible outside as ten minutes can be enough 7. _ (make) your face sting (刺痛刺痛) and the tips of your fingers and toes hurt. After twenty minutes most head back indoors.asto make Downtown fashion in Yakutsk is all about furs. Reindeer (驯鹿驯鹿) boots and fox furs may be expensive but 8. _ is better to spend a few hundred dollars on them rather than freeze to death. Winter in Yakutsk 9. _ (last) from October to April. In July there is a short summer during 10. _ you can prepare for the next seven months of winter.itlasts which
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