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英语的谓语动词有两种英语的谓语动词有两种主动语态（Active Voice)被动语态 (Passive Voice)（前者表示句子的（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者主语为动作的承受者。）。） 从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语by Tom，主动句中的宾语the window变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，。 主动句转换为被动句，主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，而主动句的主语则变为由“by + 动作的发出者”在被动句中做状语。种语态种语态被动语态基本构成：be+动词的过去分词buildnew flyoversevery yearNew flyovers are built every year.Describe the pictures, using passive voice.buildcastle18th centuryThe castle was built in the 18th century.The World Expo will be held in Shanghai in the year 2010.He said that the antiseptic masks should have been worn during these days.He, antiseptic mask, these daysThe picture is being painted by the little girl.paintpictureThe mouse was being chased by the cat when I came in yesterday. chaseyesterdayI come in The picture has been drawn by the little girl.Sally, say, buy, wedding ring, weddingSally said the wedding ring had been bought before the wedding.a) 不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。The book was first published in the late 1990s.b)不便说出动作的执行者。The plan was generally considered impractical.c)突出动作的承受者。She is respected by all the workers of the factory.d)汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态 。Smoking is not allowed in public places.e)为了保持主语的一贯性。The old professor wheeled himself into the classroom andwas warmly applauded by the students.何时用被动语态？4）有些短语不用被动语态 do ones best, make a face, make room(腾位子），make up ones mind, belong to不用被动语态的情况 1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen, break out ,take place The story was happened in 1934. （ ）2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have, lack, fit I have a new bike.3）连系动词不用被动语态；The story is sounded true. （ ）特殊情况 1）感官动词 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主动形式表示被动。 How sweet the music sounds ! Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth .2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词 well, easily时。 The book sells well . ( 这本书销路很好。 ) The door will not open . ( 这扇门就是打不开。 ) This dress washes better . ( 这衣服较好洗。 ) The sign reads as follows . ( 这牌子告示如下。 ) 3）need, demand, want(需要）, require, be worth等后用动名词表被动。 The desk needs repairing. The novel is worth reading.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。 The desk needs repairing. The desk needs to be repaired. 4) 注意动名词的被动形式，（being done) Nobody likes being laughed of. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。the city officials, make,a plan, to turn Beijing into a green citymillions of people from all over the world,visit, the Great WallChina, send up, another space capsuletourists, damage,some cultural sitesthe villagers, set up, a website,to help people learn more about the cultural relicsthe Russian government, turned into museums,these palaces1.2.3.4.5.6.A plan has been made to turn Beijing into a green cityby the city officials.The Great Wall has been visitedby millions of people from all over the world.by China.has been sent upAnother space capsuleby tourists.have been damagedSome cultural sitesby the villagershas been set upA websiteto help people learn more about the cultural relics.by the Russian government.have been turned into museumsThese palacesUnit 7 Cultural relics47 Guilin: A group of villagers in Guilin are planning to protect their cultural relics. Guilin _ (visit) by so many tourists that some of its cultural sites _ (not well protect). Some ancient sites _ (already damage) by tourists and villagers are worried that part of their history will be lost. A website _ (start) by the villagers to tell people about the problem and how to solve it. Also, a museum _ (build) so that visitors can look the cultural relics without causing any damage.has been visitedare not well protectedhave already been damagedhas been startedhas been builtUnit 7 Cultural relics47Unit 7 Cultural relics122 Beijing: Beijing plans to repair its old city wall. It _ (say) to be the citys largest ever cultural relics repair project. The wall that will be 1,600 metres long from Dongbianmen to Chongwemmen will keep the same look as the old one. The Beijing people _ (also ask) by the city government to return old wall bricks, which _ (be) once used to build houses in the 1960s. So far, more than 20,000 old bricks _ (return), but two million such bricks _ (need) for the repairs. The old city wall _ (build) in the Ming Dynasty. The wall _ (badly damage) over the past years. “The repair project has brought more visitors to Beijing,” a city official said, “We hope that it will make Beijing even more beautiful.is saidhave also been askedwerehave been returnedare neededwas builthas been badly damaged
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