新版9bunit1 asia 复习讲义

新版9B复习讲义新版9BUnit1 Asia 复习讲义一、重点词汇重点词语搭配compare.to. “把比作”connect A with B “将A和B相连接”compare.with “把和比较”connect A to B “将A连接到B上面”start with= begin with “以.开始”make sb. calm down “使某人镇定下来”take the place of “代替”make sb. feel very ill “使某人感到非常难受”二、语法点拨1. can,could,may,might表示许可can / could / may / might均可表示许可，只不过may较侧重讲话人的许可，而can较侧重客观情况的许可；could / might的语气比can / may更委婉、客气；在答语中表示允许别人做某事要can / may，不能用 could / might。如：-Could Can, May, Might I use it? 我可以借用它吗?- Yes, you can may. 可以。（不用 could / might）must表示必须作某事，其否定式mustnt表示“不可以”。如：We must not speak of it again. 我们再也不要谈这事了【小试牛刀】1.-Could I use your dictionary? -Yes，of course you _. A. can B. could C. might D. must 2. -Its such a long way! What shall I do? -You_take my car if you want(2013河南省) A. will B. must C. may D. shall 3. - _ I use your ruler, Lingling? - Sure. Here you are.( 2013桂林市) A. MayB. WouldC. NeedD. Must2. 宾语从句(1) 定义： 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句可以用连词that，连接代词who，whom，what，which；连接副词 how，when，where以及if和whether引起。连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中作一相应的句子成分，if或whether表示疑问，而that没有意义仅起连接作用。(2) 宾语从句的分类： 作动词的宾语从句：Everyone knows that he is a good student.He wondered how the pyramids were built. 作介词宾语：This depends on how hard you work.Is there anything wrong in what I said? 作形容词的宾语：They are confident that they can do the job well.I am not certain whether the train will arrive on time.(3) 使用宾语从句要注意的问题： 宾语从句引导词that的省略：在非正式场合下，that在引导宾语从句时，可以省略。如：I think (that) you are right. 形式宾语it：如果宾语从句后面跟有补语，要用形式宾语it来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面去。如：He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1901. 宾语从句的时态呼应：如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整。但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然观念，其谓语时态仍用一般现在时。如：He said that he had left his umbrella in the library. The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. 宾语从句否定意义的转移：在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词所根的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。如：I dont think he has time to play chess with you.I dont suppose it is the rush hour yet. 一些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气：一般说来，在一些表示坚持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand) 等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should +动词原形”（其中的should在美国英语中常省略，但是引导从句的that通常不省略。如：She suggested that we (should) leave earlyHe ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane whether 与 if 引导介词宾语从句时，只用 whether不用if；与“or not”连用时，用whether不用if。 I am interested in whether hell go abroad We dont know whether he will come or not 宾语从句的语序 连接词后面为陈述语序。如：I dont know what your name is. 直接引语变为间接引语 间接引语的使用应注意选择合适的动词。陈述用say/tell，疑问用ask/wonder，而祈使用tell/order，建议用advisesuggest。注意这些动词后面的结构和语气。如： “Could you get some tea for me？” MrBlake said to his wife Mr. Blake asked his wife whether she could get some tea for him. “Shall we go dancing tonight？”John said John suggested they should go dancing tonight. 【真题演练】1.-Excuse me .Could you tell me_I can get to the Space Museum?-Of course.You can take bus No.1. (2013.盐城市)A.whereB.howC.ifD.why2. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And thats _ he succeeds. (2013潍坊市)A.whatB.whenC.whyD.where3. -Do you know _the girl in red is ?-Im not sure.Maybe a teacher. (2010南京市)A.whenB.howC.whereD.what4. I hear Tom lives here,but Im not sure_.(2010陕西省)A.which room he lives inB.which room does he live inC.he lives in which roomD.in which room does he live5. -Do you know _ the soldiers came to Yushu Town? -The roads were badly broken. They had to walk there. (2010莱芜市)A. why B. when C. how D. where三、交际用语谈论地球与火星牛津英语9B Unit 1 短语汇总序号ChineseEnglish1在许多方面in many ways在某些方面in some ways2照顾；照料care for = take care of = look after被照顾；照料be cared for = be taken care of = be looked after3火星上的生活life on Mars4够到我的食物get to my food5能够做某事be able to do sth.6帮助某人做某事help sb. with sth.=help sb. (to) do sth.7呈现药片的形状in the form of pills8使这人梦想成为现实make this dream become true9提供某物给某人provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.10变得越来越拥挤become more and more crowded 11目前；现在at present = at the moment = now12首先first of all13许多large numbers of = a number of = many14以.速度at the speed of 以光速的一半运行travel at half the speed of light15漂入太空中float away into space16飘浮在空中float in the air17因住在那里而生病get ill from living there18起飞take off19进行考试take exams20和.一样美味as tasty as 21压缩食品；干缩食品/数码相机dried food/ digital camera22去火星的旅行/太空睡袋the journey to Mars/ space sleeping bag23某个安静的地方somewhere quiet24更喜欢做某事prefer to do sth.25准备做某事prepare to do sth.26伤害某人do harm to sb. = harm sb.损伤某物do harm to sth.= harm sth.27愿意做某事be willing to do sth.28在太空旅行travel in space29在地球的表面on the surface of Earth30在电脑的控制下under the control of computers31搬到地球之外move out of Earth32第一个住在火星上的人the first to live on Mars33害怕做某事be afraid of doing sth. = be afraid to do sth.34让某人远离.keep sb. away from .35花费某人一些时间做某事It takes sb. some time to do sth.36阻止某人做某事keep/stop/prevent sb. from doing sth.37让某人做某事have/make/let sb. do sth.请某人做某事（让某事被做）have sth. done38担心（做某事）worry about (doing) sth. = be worried about (doing) sth.39防止飘浮prevent floating40拍高质量的图片take high-quality images41有许多存储空间have lots of memory space42被储存很多个月be stored for many months43地球直径的一半one-half the diameter of Earth44不太阳系里in the solar system45很难发现be hard to find46最不重要的the least important47坐在窗户旁边sit by the window48匆匆浏览；快速阅读run over49值/值得做某事be worth = cost/ be worth doing sth.502100年火星生活指南a guide to living on Mars in 210051确信某事；对某事有把握be sure/certain of确信做某事；有把握做某事be sure/certain to do sth./ be sure/certain _+ that 宾从牛津英语9B Unit 1 基础训练一、重点词组1.难以想象 2.到2100年 3.目前 4.变得越来越拥挤，污染 5.以光速的一半 6.对早期的定居者来说是一个问题 7.八分之三的 8.使许多人感觉不舒服 9.漂浮在太空 10.在许多方面 11.极有可能 12.和连接 13.以的形式 14.和一样美味 二、句型结构1. Our own planet, Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.(more and more 越来越)1) 南京正变得越来越美。Nanjing . 2) 这种长统靴可能会变得越来越时。The boots will probably become .2. There will be many different designs for settlers to choose from. (注意动词后面的介词)我不知道我有问题的时候和谁谈谈。I dont know whom I can when I have problems.3. Our spacecraft are too slow to carry large numbers of people to Mars. (注意a large number of 和the number of的区别)1）我们学校学生的数量有2300人。 the students in our school 2300. 2) 我们学校图书馆有大量的书。There are books in our school library.三、难点语法1.情态动词can, could, may, might的用法Can用于问候朋友；could用于问候老师和成年人；may用于问候陌生人和你尊敬的人，显得正式而有礼貌；might用于非常有礼貌的场合，很少用。1) -爸爸，我能用你的照相机吗？-可以。-Dad, I use your camera? -Yes, you .2) Daniel,我能借你的字典吗？Daniel, I borrow your dictionary?2. 用that引导宾语从句。注意：1）that可省略； 2）时态一致； 3）从句是客观真理的情况3. 用if或 whether引导宾语从句。注意：1）if/ whether的不同用法；2）时态一致；3）陈述句的语序将下列句子合并为含有宾语从句的主从复合句。1) Mars has two moons. The teacher told the students. .2) “Have you ever been to Beijing? My cousin asked me. .3) He will finish the task in two days. He said. .4) Does it take very long to travel from Earth to Mars? Do you know. _ .5) Will Lucy come tomorrow or will she not come? I am wondering. .牛津英语9B Unit 2 复习讲义一、重点词汇重点词语搭配be busy doing sth “忙于做某事”be/get ready for . “为做准备”expect sb. to do sth. “期待某人做某事”have sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”二、语法点拨1. in order toin order to与so as to都是“为的是，为了”的意思，都可以用来引导目的状语。它们的不同之处就在于so as to 不能用于句子的开头，在句子开头只能用in order to。 例如：He got up very early in order to/so as to catch the first bus. In order to catch the first bus,he got up very early.（此时不能用so as to） 【注意】 in order to 一般用in order that加从句来替换；而so as to 一般用so that加从句来替换。in order that 可以在句首，so that和so as to 一样不能在句首。 当这两个短语后的不定式动词的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时，“in order to , so as to +不定式”可以简化为“不定式” In order to get to school on time, he got up earlier.这个句子可以表达为下列几种方式：In order that he could get to school on time,. He got up earlier in order to get to school on time. He got up earlier in order that he could get to school on time. He got up earlier so as to get to school on time. He got up earlier so that he could get to school on time. To get to school on time, he got up earlier. （这种不定式有时可以表示目的以外的状语）2. as a resultas a result是一个习惯短语，意为“因此” “结果”。如： As a result, the discussion was put off until the following week. 结果讨论被推迟到了下星期。 He didnt practice, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。 The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didnt arrive on time. 交通十分拥挤，因此我们没能准时到达。 as a result of意为“因为” “由于” “的结果”，用来作状语。如： He is unable to go to work as a result of the fall off the horse. 由于他从马上摔了下来，他不能去上班了。 He was late as a result of the heavy snow. 他迟到是由于大雪所导致的。 As a result of warning, nobody was hurt. 由于得到了警告，因此没有人受伤3. need to(1) need作情态动词的用法：need用作情态动词时表“必须必要”的意思，后直接跟动词原型，且need无人称、数的变化（第三人称单数不加s），也没有非谓语形式（不定式、分词）。 【注意】need用作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中。例：Needhebringhislaptoptomorrow?明天他必须带他的笔记本过来吗？Comeon,youneedntworryaboutitbecuseitsnotyourfault.行啦，你不必担心的因为那不是你的错。Sheneednthavearrivedsoearly,needshe?她本不必到得这么早，不是吗？ 【注意】must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须使用neednt。例如：-MustIleave?我必须离开吗？-No,youneednt.不，你不必离开。(2) need作实意动词的用法： 人+ need+something需要某物Ineedsomefruitstoeat.我需要些水果来吃。 人+ needtodosomething需要做某事Youdontneedtohavethebikerepairedrightaway.你不必马上去修车。 物+ needdoing=needtobedone需要Theroomneedscleaning=Theroomneedstobecleaned.房间需要打扫了。 人+ needsomebodytodosomething需要某人做某事Ineedsomeonetohelpmeoutofthisproblem.我需要找人来帮助我解决这个问题。(3) need作名词的用法：need用作名词时，既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。主要常用句型如下： (Theres)noneedtodosomething没必要做某事Theresnoneedtocoversuchalongdistance.没必要走那么远的距离。TheresnoneedformetobreakthewindowbecauseIhavethekey.我没必要打破窗户因为我有钥匙。Noneedtorunsincewerenotpressedfortime.不必跑啦，我们又不赶时间。也可以单独使用：Theresnoneed.意思是“没有必要”。 in(great)needof（非常）需要Therescueteamisingreatneedofmedicine.救援小组非常需要药品。 ifneedbe如果需要的话Ifneedbe,Imgoingtodoyouafavor.如果需要的话我会帮你的。(4) 关于need的一些短语、俚语用法。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难之交才是真朋友。【真题演练】1. -Theres too much salt in the Chinese diet. -So there is. The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt_for each man every day.( 2010宜昌市)A. is neededB. needsC. will needD. has needed2. The desk is not dirty.You_clean it. (2010.盐城市)A. mustntB. shouldntC. neednt D. cant3. -Must I finish my homework at school? -No,you_.You can do it at home. (2010陕西省)A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. wont三、交际用语谈论机器人牛津英语9B Unit 2 短语汇总序号ChineseEnglish1第一个做某事的人the first person to do sth.2一封投诉信a complaint letter3向某人抱怨某事complain to sb. about sth.4探索危险的地方explore dangerous places5熨烫衬衫iron shirts6扫地sweep the floor7洗衣服do the laundry8整理床铺make the bed9（极大地）改变了某人的生活change ones life (a lot)10用清晰的语言in clear language11结果as a result 12为了（不）做某事in order (not) to do sth.13需要做某事need to do sth.14从某地/向某人买某物从从buy sth. from sw./sb.把某物卖给某人sell sth. to sb15焕然一新；像新的一样干净be as clean as new16多加注意pay more attentiong to.17出错；出故障go wrong18染上病毒catch a virus19惹了许多麻烦cause a lot of problems20乱七八糟in a mess弄得乱七八糟make (such) a mess21把某物撞倒knock sth. over22怎样处理what do with = how deal with23轻松自如地四处移动move around easily and freely24吸收太阳能absorb energy from the sun25使我的机器人精力充沛make my robot energetic26最后in the end = at last = finally在尽头；末尾at the end of27你自己做do it yourself28中国制造(be) made in China29在工作；在上班at work30变得疲劳get tired31免费得到某物get sth. for free32对感到满意be happy with= be satisfied / pleased with33持续至少两个月last for at least 2 months34回复某人reply to sb. 35不再no longer =not any longer36叫醒某人；吵醒某人wake sb. up37下班回到家retun home from work = come back home from work归还某物给某人return sth. to sb. = give sth. back to sb.38将某物送回给某人send sth. back to sb.39拍照片take photos of40在同时at the same time41依靠四个小轮子站立stand on four small wheels42票价the price of tickets43在五分钟内in/within five minutes44把某事弄错get sth. wrong把某事/物准备好get sth. ready牛津英语9B Unit 2 基础训练一、重点词组1. 第一个做的人 2. 改变了许多 3. 熨烫衬衫 4. 睡在床上 5. 结果 6. 不再 7. 对付 8. 再多一小时 9. 洗衣服 10. 洗盘子 11. 扫地 12. 铺床 13. 下班回家 14. 干净如新 15. 准备 16. 出错 17. 感染病毒 18. 制造许多麻烦 19. 唤醒 20. 把东西撞翻 21. 发现房间一团糟 _ 22. 最后 23. 太多的麻烦 二、句型结构1. Mr Jiang is the first person in Sunshine Town to own a robot.(the first/second/last.to do)1) 妇女和孩子们是第一个进入救生船的。 Women and children the lifteboats 2) 张老师总是最后一个离开学校的。 Mr Zhang always school.2. The robot was just too much trouble.注意：too much, much too, too many的含义及用法1) 超市里太拥挤了，有很多便宜的衣服。 The supermarket is crowded. There are cheap clothes. 2) 李雷上学迟到了，马路上车辆太多。 Li Lei was late for school because there was traffic.3. When Mr Jiang returned home from work, his flat would be as clean as new.注意：return不能和back同时使用。1) 妈妈下班回家的时候，我正在做作业。 When mum home from work, I was doing my homework. When mum home from work, I was doing my homework.2) 李老师已经把书还给图书馆了。Miss Li the book to the library. Miss Li the book to the library.三、难点语法1. 运用wh-特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 注意：1) 时态一致；2) 陈述句的语序将下列句子合并为含有宾语从句的主从复合句。1) Where did Mr Jiang buy the robot? Id like to know. .2) Whats wrong with the robot? I didnt know. .3) How does the robot wash the dishes? I wonder. .2. in order to和as a result分别表示“目的”和“结果”3. 总结need的几种用法： need to do; neednt do; need doing =need to be done1) 为了提高我的英语成绩，我需要买一本电子词典。 improve my English, I an e-dictionary. 2) 我的电脑坏了。它需要修理。 There is something wrong with the computer. It . 3) 机器人帮江先生做了很多家务。因此，他不需要早起。The robot helped Mr Jiang do lots of housework. , he early.牛津英语9B Unit 3 复习讲义一、重点词汇重点词语搭配be filled with “充满”take sth. with sb “把某物带在某人身边”be full of “充满”leave A for B “离开A地去B地”二、语法点拨1. 让步状语从句让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管”或“即使”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。切记although不可与but连用（1）though, although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。 这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或never，the less连用，但不能与but连用。例如： Although/Though he was exhausted, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。 Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。 值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如： She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。 （2）as, though表示“虽然但是”，“纵使”之意。 as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如： Object as you may, Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object, Ill go.) 纵使你反对，我也要去。 Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。 Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。 Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon. 纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。 （3）even if, even though 表示“即使”，“纵使”之意，含有一种假设。 这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，可用来表示与事实相反的假设，但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，即说话人肯定了从句的事实，表示已经发生了的事。例如： Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。 Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。 Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him.)尽管他很穷，但她还是爱她。 （4）whether.or.表示“不论是否”，“不管是还是”之意。 由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如： Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。 Whether you believe it or not, its true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。 （5）“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“都；不管都” 它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。 但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如： Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。 Ill eat whatever (no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。 Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引导主语从句) 不管谁来都受到欢迎。2. 条件状语从句由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。在英文中，条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如”。（注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，表示将来时态，主句是一般将来时态，从句要用一般现在时主将从现原则，并且，切记紧跟着if的那句话是从句。）引导条件状语从句的连词有：if（如果），unless（除非；如果不），as long as（除非；只要）等。As long as youre happy, it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没有关系。Unless it rains, well go hiking.如果不下雨，我们将去远足。 【注意】由于unless具有否定意义，因此它引导的是个否定的条件（如果不）。可以把它看作是ifnot的同义表达手段。如： Unless he comes = If he doesnt come 如果他不来 Unless you work hard, you will fail. = If you dont work hard, you will fail. 如果你不努力工作，你会失败的。 3. 目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由so that, in order that等词引导；目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper. 他们拼命地干，想在晚饭前就把工作干完。 【注意】(1) so that引导的目的状语从句，可转换成in order that引导的目的状语从句。若从句主语与主句主语一致，还可用in order to (do) 或so as (to do) 改成同义简单句。如：They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper. = They worked very hard in order that they could finish the work before supper. = They worked very hard in order to finish the work before supper. = They worked very hard so as to finish the work before supper. (2) so that引导的状语从句也可表示结果，这时so that从句中根据句意可用或不用情态动词。 如： He got up very late this morning, so that he was late for school. 今天早晨他起得很晚，结果他上学迟到了。 【真题演练】1. I dont know if Jack . If he , call me, please.(2013四川达州) A. will come; will comes B. comes; come C. comes; will come D. will come; comes 2. You have to leave