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短文特点短文特点短文体裁短文体裁短文题材短文题材短文长度短文长度设题密度设题密度题数题数首字母大首字母大写写最大词距最小词距纯空格题提示词2009记叙文生活经历206298642010记叙文智慧故事1873056412011记叙文生活经历186304642012记叙文生活经历2205326412013记叙文生活经历220268641、近五年命题特点、近五年命题特点解题思路(教科书范本) 1、浏览全文,理清文脉 先通读精读全文,把握短文的大意和情节,将句与句,段与段之间的关系整理清楚,可以在试卷上做好记号 2、结合语境,试填空格 读懂文章,结合给出的语言环境,从句法、语法、语意出发,根据逻辑关系开始试着填空 3、分析结构,各个击破 以完整的句子或句群为单位,分析句子结构,这是答题过程中非常关键的一步。借助上下文的提示,确定需要填入单词的磁性、形式和功能。学会区分各种复合句,包括状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句,掌握好引导词的用法 4、重读全文,仔细核查,除非100%确定,否则不要轻易改 重读文章,可以在心里翻译文章,然后关注自己填的单词是否符合文意,核查答案的合理性和正确性Christine版本的做题技巧 1、先通读全文,把出现的生词和固定搭配划下来,并且一定要把文意理解透彻,如果时间充足,甚至可以在心里默默的翻译成中文! 2、逐个空格击破,从第一个空格开始,分析空格内需要填的词性,以及整个句子的语法要求。比如给出括号(eat),分析整个句子时态和意义,如果是现在完成时态就填 have/havet eaten,一般进行时就填is/isnt eating, etc. 3、遇到不确定的空格,先空着,不要随便填,然后继续读下文做下一个空,提示(明示或暗示)很可能就出现在下文里,有时候上文也会给出提示! 4、那么高考前的这段时间,一定要把语法填空做错的题目整理在笔记本上,根据语法书对照知识点来复习,理清你弄错的这个语法点! 加油!技巧number one:缺主语或者宾语,一定是填代词! eg:I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _gets there almost in a second.(2007茂名一模) 解析:and连接前后两个句子,and 后面的句子缺少主语,应该填写名词或者代词;结合前一分句,不难推知,“马上可到达那里”的是the message, 替代the message用代词it!技巧number two:名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),很可能填限定词。 eg:It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279)was very anxious to help_rice crop grow up quickly.(2008广东高考) 解析:因名词rice前还没有限定词,应该填限定词;根据句子意思,是指宋代有个易怒的男人非常焦急的帮助水稻成长,其实这个就是揠苗助长的故事。技巧number three:句子不缺主语、表语、动词后面不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定填介词 eg:.who should have the honor of receiving me_a guest in their house.(2007广东) 解析:因a guest在句子中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语,前面一定是填介词,使其成为该介词的宾语;又从句意可知,他们“把我当做客人”来接待,表示“当作”,所以用介词as!技巧number four:两个并列的名词短语之间一定填连词! eg:.two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso_Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 解析:Pablo Picasso 和Candido Portinari是两个人名,属于并列关系,那么两个并列关系的名词之间应该填连词and!技巧number five:若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词。 eg:I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days_I was to return to Guangzhou.(2008广州一模) 解析:因I wanted to.是一个句子,I was to return.也是一个句子,这两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或者句号,一定是填连词!根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系,可知参观这个城市尽可能多的地方应是在“返回广州”之前,所以填before。技巧number six:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词时原型,特别是与上下文时态不一致或者主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等) eg:What is acceptable in one country_be considered extremely rude in another.(2007珠三角五校联考) 解析:句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句,空格后的be considered是谓语;因其中的be是原型,故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数):有句意和语气可知,需填表示可能的情态动词may技巧number seven:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 1、由 it is.that.强调结构的形式,判断填it还是that eg:.and _was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG(味精)!(2007广州一模) 解析:从句式结构可知这个句子是强调句,所以填it 2、由倒装句式判断,是填构成倒装的条件only,so, neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had等,还是填do, does,did等。 eg:_with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 解析:有can you expect to.可知,这个句子是倒装句,根据构成倒装的条件可知,应填副词only,因为”only+状语(with hard work)“放在句首,句子要用倒装 3、由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格是是否填it。 eg:.as_took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists.(2008佛山二模) 解析:由句式结构可知,这是 it takes sb.some time to do sth.句型,本剧的不定式to steal paintings 是真正的主语,空格处形式主语it。 4、so/such.that.句型 eg:This made the goat so jealous_it began plotting against(,谋划对付)the donkey.(2007惠州二模) 解析:由句式结构可知,这是so.that.句型,所以填that。 5、more.than.(与其说.不如说., 比.更.)句型 eg:Cynthiss story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares_how much he pays.(2007深圳宝安期末) 解析:由句式结构可知,这是more.than.的句型,所以填than。意思是与经理所给的报酬小臂,雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。二、给出了动词的解题技巧-首先判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,然后分两点思考。 技巧8:若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。 eg: His fear of failure_(keep)him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.(2008深圳一模) 解析:因主语his fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词,需填的动词应该是谓语动词;因主语与keep是主动关系,应用主动语态;由从句谓语动词played可知,要用一般过去时,填kept。技巧number nine:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用-ing,-ed形式,还是用不定式形式,确定的方法主要有如下几点 1、作主语或者宾语,通常用-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况,如 eg:.but it is not enough only_(memorize)rules from a grammar book.(2007佛山一模) 解析:it是形式主语,后面的不定式是真正的主语,所以用to memorize eg:_(speak)out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary. 解析: wont make you是本句子的谓语,因此speak作非谓语动词。那么根据主谓宾结构,谓语动词前面应该填主语,表示一般情况,即用动名词作主语,所以用speaking2、作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式 eg:_(complete)the project as planned, we will have to work two more hours a day. 解析:因句中已经有will have to work作谓语,所以complete应该为非谓语动词,因“为了按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不多加班两个小时”的目的,所以complete作目的状语,用动词不定式,所以用to complete。3、作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词 eg:He saw the stone,_(say)to himself,The night will be very dark.(2008东莞一模) 句中已经有谓语saw,所给动词和saw不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;又因为he和say是主动关系,所以填saying作伴随状语。4、不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用-ing形式,是被动关系用-ed形式。 eg:There will be a meeting, _(start)later this year to review the film. 解析:因a meeting和start是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明a meeting,所以用starting。 eg:Lessons_(learn)in sport can help us in our dealing with other people. 解析:因句中已有谓语can help所以learn是非谓语动词;又因lesson和learn是被动关系,要用过去分词作定语,故填learned。三、词类转换题的解题技巧:根据该词在所在句中所作的句子成分确定用哪种形式,具体方法有:技巧number ten:作表语、定语、或补语,通常用形容词形式eg:The youngster immediately felt_(silence)as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 解析: 因为在系动词felt后面做表语,用形容词,所以用silent。eg:In a _(danger)part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, theyve learnt to.解析:在冠词与名词之间,要用形容词作定语,所以填dangerouseg:Teachers must try their best to make most of the students_(interest)in the subject.解析:因所填词在句中作宾语most of the students 的补足语,用形容词;表示感兴趣的,用interested。技巧number eleven:作主语,或在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式。如: eg:When Chinas ancient scientific and technological_(achieve)are mentioned,the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 解析:在时间状语从句中,要求填的词作主语,Chinas ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语;作主语要用名词,又由are可知,主语是复数,故填achievements These people have made great _39 (contribute) to China with their work. (2007年茂名二模) 解析:在句中作及物动词have made的宾语,要用名词形式;表示“作贡献”,其前面没有不定冠词时,习惯上用复数,故填contributions。 例33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform) in the reading (2008年三校联考) 解析:因with是介词,在介词后作宾语,要用名词,故填information。技巧12:在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词形式。如: 例34 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模) 解析:在形容词性物代词解析:在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词,后应当用名词,故填故填similarities。 例例35 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. 解析:在冠词后,要用名词,故填解析:在冠词后,要用名词,故填operation。技巧13:修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。如: As I looked 32 (close) at this girl, I fount that (2008年深圳一模) 解析:修饰动词解析:修饰动词looked,作状语,用副词,故填,作状语,用副词,故填closely。 There must be something _40_(serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末潮州期末) 解析:要求填的词修饰形容词解析:要求填的词修饰形容词wrong,作状语,用副词,故填,作状语,用副词,故填seriously。 Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time (2008年惠州三模) 解析:修饰解析:修饰because引导的原因状语从句,修饰整个句子,作状引导的原因状语从句,修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词,故填语,用副词,故填mainly。技巧14:括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换,词类不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un, im等,在词根后加less等。如: People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use). 解析:作表语要用形容词;又由句意可知,作者是表达解析:作表语要用形容词;又由句意可知,作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的没有什么知识是无用的”,故填,故填useless。 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office. 解析:在名词前作定语,仍用形容词形式;但根据句意可解析:在名词前作定语,仍用形容词形式;但根据句意可知,错误是引起不必要的麻烦事,故填知,错误是引起不必要的麻烦事,故填unnecessary。技巧15:括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词,而是考词类转换;若是形容词或副词,有可能是考查其比较等级。如: there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist 34 _ (attract) (2008年广州一模) 解析:尽管解析:尽管attract是动词,但这是考查词类转换的;在句是动词,但这是考查词类转换的;在句中作介词中作介词about的宾语,用名词,故填的宾语,用名词,故填attraction。 The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末) 解析:联系前句,又有解析:联系前句,又有even(更加更加)的提示,可知这里用比的提示,可知这里用比较级,故填较级,故填harder。 例43Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said. The _33_ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007梅州二模) 解析:结合前段内容,特别是the的提示,可知要用bad的最高级worst,表示“最严重的”。
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