职称英语考试 理工类B级 考前最后两套题之一 【密押卷】

2014年职称英语考试 理工类B级 考前最后两套题之一 【密押卷】第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.At midnight,we were aroused by a knock at the door.A.irritatedB.awakenedC.arisenD.annoyed2.She was awarded a prize for the film.A.givenB.rewardedC.sentD.reminded3.Smoking will be banned in all public places here.A.forbiddenB.allowedC.permittedD.promoted4.That guy is intelligeng but a bit dull.A.strangeB.specialC.quietD.boring5.She is a highly successful teacher.A.fairlyB.ratherC.veryD.moderately6.We should not sacrifice environmental protections to foster economic growth.A.reduceB.promoteC.realizeD.give7.There is a growing gap between the rich and the poor.A.conflictB.tensionC.gulfD.confrontation8.I am very grateful to you for your assistance.A.helpfulB.hopefulC.pitifulD.thankful9.You will be meeting her presently.A.shortlyB.currentlyC.latelyD.probably10.Attitudes to mental illness have shifted in recent years.A.displayedB.shownC.changedD.demonstrated11.I have been trying to guit smoking.A.give upB.pick upC.build upD.take up12.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried13.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic14.This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic15.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.A.simplyB.almostC.totallyD.completely答案:1.B2.A3.A4.D5.C6.B7.C8.D9.A10.C11.A12.C13.D14.B15.B阅读判断Plants and MankindBotany(植物学), the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We dont know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrialial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.1.It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2.People cannot survive without plants.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5.Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6.People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000years ago.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7.Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned参考答案:1. A. 问题句说“关于植物及其特征的详细知识一定由来已久这种说法是合乎逻辑的。”利用“关于植物及其特征的详细知识”作为答案线索短语，于是在文章第一段第2句话中发现含有该短语的句子。而在接下来的一句中发现“合乎逻辑的”这个问题句中的关键词。对比问题句和答案相关句，我们发现问题句是一个句子，而原文采用了2个句子。比较他们语意上的差异：原文中代词“This”回指上一句话中的陈述，即指代“关于植物及其特征的详细知识一定由来已久”。可见原文的说法与问题句的说法一致。所以该题是考察代词this的指代关系。2. A. 该题可用常识直接判断：人类没有植物就不能生存这种说法应该是正确的。而第1段虽然没有直接地讲到植物对于人类而言是极为重要的，但提到植物为人类提供了食物、衣服、工具、药物等等生活必需品，植物是食物金字塔的基础。所以该题是考察考生的语句的总结能力。3. B. 利用“亚马逊丛林中的部落”作为答案线索词，于是在第一段结尾部分找到答案相关句。该句提到现今仍生活在亚马逊丛林中的部落能识别成百上千种植物及其特征，但在他们的词汇中还没有“植物学”这个词，甚至有可能不承认“植物学”是专门的知识。因此在学校中不可能设该课。4. B. 利用“工业化”作为答案线索词，于是在第二段第一句话发现答案相关句，该句说工业化的程度越高，我们与植物的直接接触就越少。5. B. 利用“botanical knowledge”作为答案线索词，于是我们在第二段的第2句找到答案相关句。但说人们无意识地获得了大量植物学知识，由此可以推出这些知识不是从教科书中获得的。6. A. 利用“10，000”作为答案线索词(因为年代通常是用数字表示)，于是在第二段发现有句子提到当生活在约一万年前中东地区的人们发现从某些禾本植物中可以收获粮食，并且播种后下一个收获季节还能产出更多的粮食时，就迈开了植物和人类联系的第1 大步。7. B. 该题从常识判断应该是不正确。而在第二段末尾讲从约一万年前开始从事农耕起，人们逐渐地停止采食野果，这是因为萌芽时期的农耕技术还十分落后，人们还不能从中获得足够的食物。阅读理解Plants and MankindBotany(植物学), the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We dont know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrialial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.1.It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2.People cannot survive without plants.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5.Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6.People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000years ago.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7.Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned参考答案:1. A. 问题句说“关于植物及其特征的详细知识一定由来已久这种说法是合乎逻辑的。”利用“关于植物及其特征的详细知识”作为答案线索短语，于是在文章第一段第2句话中发现含有该短语的句子。而在接下来的一句中发现“合乎逻辑的”这个问题句中的关键词。对比问题句和答案相关句，我们发现问题句是一个句子，而原文采用了2个句子。比较他们语意上的差异：原文中代词“This”回指上一句话中的陈述，即指代“关于植物及其特征的详细知识一定由来已久”。可见原文的说法与问题句的说法一致。所以该题是考察代词this的指代关系。2. A. 该题可用常识直接判断：人类没有植物就不能生存这种说法应该是正确的。而第1段虽然没有直接地讲到植物对于人类而言是极为重要的，但提到植物为人类提供了食物、衣服、工具、药物等等生活必需品，植物是食物金字塔的基础。所以该题是考察考生的语句的总结能力。3. B. 利用“亚马逊丛林中的部落”作为答案线索词，于是在第一段结尾部分找到答案相关句。该句提到现今仍生活在亚马逊丛林中的部落能识别成百上千种植物及其特征，但在他们的词汇中还没有“植物学”这个词，甚至有可能不承认“植物学”是专门的知识。因此在学校中不可能设该课。4. B. 利用“工业化”作为答案线索词，于是在第二段第一句话发现答案相关句，该句说工业化的程度越高，我们与植物的直接接触就越少。5. B. 利用“botanical knowledge”作为答案线索词，于是我们在第二段的第2句找到答案相关句。但说人们无意识地获得了大量植物学知识，由此可以推出这些知识不是从教科书中获得的。6. A. 利用“10，000”作为答案线索词(因为年代通常是用数字表示)，于是在第二段发现有句子提到当生活在约一万年前中东地区的人们发现从某些禾本植物中可以收获粮食，并且播种后下一个收获季节还能产出更多的粮食时，就迈开了植物和人类联系的第1 大步。7. B. 该题从常识判断应该是不正确。而在第二段末尾讲从约一万年前开始从事农耕起，人们逐渐地停止采食野果，这是因为萌芽时期的农耕技术还十分落后，人们还不能从中获得足够的食物。概括大意EarthquakeEvery year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vest amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earths surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earths crust and continental drift.In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.练习:1. Paragraph 2_.2. Paragraph 3_.3. Paragraph 4_.4. Paragraph 5_.A Earthquakes forecastB Historical records of earthquakesC Intensities of earthquakesD Cause of earthquakesE Indications of earthquakesF Damaging earthquakes5. Not all damage during an earthquake is caused _.6. Not all earthquakes are strong enough _.7. Scientists have been working hard to warn people _.8. Earthquakes can be predicted by observing _.A by the quake itselfB not be preventedC to cause damage of property and loss of livesD of a possible earthquakeE the unusual behaviors of some animalsF the strong behaviors of human beings答案: C D A E A C D E补全短文The French surprised even themselves when they banned tobacco ads three years ago, and created smoke-free zones in public spaces. Even then, _(1)_ seemed a little too American. Now some French lawmakers are preparing to end the act as reform that simply cant work in a country _(2)_.Law or no law, smokers and nonsmokers mingle _(3)_, whose owners generally ignore requirements to create separate no-smoking sections. French smokers _(4)_, in hospitals and directly under no -smoking signs. There are stiff fines for violating the smoke-free areas, but they are never imposed. We have more important things to do, says a Paris which are underwritten by tobacco firms. And fans shouted angrily when French TV blacked out a soccer game from official.The 1992 laws most controversial provision is the tobacco-ad ban. An exception has been made for motor sports, abroad because of secondary tobacco and liquor ads at the local stadium. Still, those _(5)_ credit the ad ban for a 15 percent drop in smoking among French teens in the last three years.练习:A) without apparent friction in Paris caf and restaurantsB) light up in train stationsC) doing great harm to the smokers healthD) the attempt to legislate good healthE) who are against smokingF) that has always aided lifes petty vices答案:D F A B E完形填空In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are old enough, they take part_1_.Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness of American parents. The old rule that children should be seen and not heard is rarely_2_, and children are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental_3_. The father seldom expects his children to obey him_4_ question, and children are encouraged to be independent_5_ an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom_6_ far. Others think that a strong father image would not_7_ the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to _8_ their parental families by the time they have_9_ their late teens or early twenties._10_, not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of weak dependence.This pattern of independence often results in serious_11_ for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live _12_ the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _13_ 65. The children have left home, married, and _!4_ their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes._15_ the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.1.A) either B) though C) as well D) also2.A) discussed B) followed C) seen D) heard3. A) control B) support C) agreement D) criticism4. A) for B) on C) without D) in5. A) in B) at C) on D) for6. A) too B) almost C) nearly D) quite7. A) fit B) meet C) suit D) satisfy8. A) break up B) break into C) break through D) break away from9.A) reached B) come C) arrived D) D) developed10.A) In truth B) In name C) Indeed D) In a word11.A) questions B) problems C) matters D) affairs12.A) on B) up C) from D) beyond13.A) only B) usually C) sometimes D) seldom14.A) set forth B) set aside C) set up D) set down15.A) But B) Therefore C) In contrast D) On the other hand答案: CBACB ACDAC BDBCA