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Articles 第二次课第二次课冠词冠词不定冠词不定冠词aan定冠词定冠词the一一: 不定冠词:不定冠词:“a” “an” a用在以辅音音素读音开头的单前用在以辅音音素读音开头的单前 an用在以元音音素读音开头的单词前用在以元音音素读音开头的单词前Eg:_book _ egg _ useful book _ underground room 不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法1. 基本用法:指人或事物的某一种类基本用法:指人或事物的某一种类e.g. She is a girl. 她是女孩她是女孩 This is a desk. 这是一张书桌这是一张书桌2. 泛指某人或者某物,但又不具体说明何人何物泛指某人或者某物,但又不具体说明何人何物e.g. I can see a kite. 我能看见一只风筝我能看见一只风筝 A boy is in Grade 1. 一个男孩在一年级一个男孩在一年级3. 表示表示“数量数量”,“有一有一”“”“每一每一”的意思的意思相当于相当于every,onee.g. We have six classes a day. 我们一天上六节课我们一天上六节课e.g The two boys are of _ age.an5. 用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事有类似性质的人或事e.g A Mr. Li is asking to see you at the school gate. 6. 用于某些物质名词或抽象名词前用于某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示表示 “一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”. 用于固定词组中用于固定词组中; e.g That is _ green tea. They were caught in _ heavy rain 7: 用于用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后之后e.g This room is rather a big one. What a nice weather. 1基本用法:指人或事物的某一种类She is a girl. 2泛指某人或者某物,但又不具体说明何人何物I can see a kite. 3表示“数量”,“有一”“每一”的意思相当于every,oneWe have six classes a day. 4The two boys are of _ age.5用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr. Li is asking to see you at the school gate. 6用于某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示 “一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”This room is rather a big one.7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后What a nice weather. 不定冠词用法总结不定冠词用法总结定冠词定冠词“the”的用法的用法 1:“特指特指”特指某(些)人或者某(些)事物,以便特指某(些)人或者某(些)事物,以便与其他的人或物有所区别与其他的人或物有所区别 e.g.The book on the desk is Jims. 书桌上的那本书是吉姆的书桌上的那本书是吉姆的 The chairs are there. 椅子在那里椅子在那里 2:用于世上独一无二的事物名词前:用于世上独一无二的事物名词前e.g.the sun the sky the moon the earth 3:指谈话双方都知道的人或事物或在叙述中,:指谈话双方都知道的人或事物或在叙述中, 上文提到过的人或者事物,再次出现时上文提到过的人或者事物,再次出现时e.g. Where is the kite? 风筝在哪儿?风筝在哪儿?(双方都知道指的是哪只风筝)(双方都知道指的是哪只风筝) Open the door, please.请把门打开请把门打开(双方都知道要打开哪扇门)(双方都知道要打开哪扇门) e.g. :I can see a kite. 我看见一只风筝我看见一只风筝 :where is the kite?这个风筝在那里?这个风筝在那里?4:用在表示乐器的名词之前:用在表示乐器的名词之前e.g. the violin the piano 5:用于形容词和分词前表示一类人:用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the rich, the living, the wounded6:用在姓氏的复数名词前,表示:用在姓氏的复数名词前,表示“一家人一家人” 或或“夫妇夫妇”;e.g. the Blacks 布来克一家布来克一家 7: 用在序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前用在序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前e.g. I live on the second floor.我住在二楼我住在二楼 Skating is the best sport in winter. 滑冰是冬天最好的运动滑冰是冬天最好的运动 8:用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛,建筑物和旅馆:用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛,建筑物和旅馆的的名词前的的名词前The Palace Museum The Summer Palace 9. 用在一些习惯用语中用在一些习惯用语中e.g.in the day in the morning / afternoon/ evening the next morning / week/ month/ year in the end by the way go to the cinema1表示某一类人或物;特指某(些)人或者表示某一类人或物;特指某(些)人或者某(些)事物某(些)事物The horse is a useful animal.The book on the desk is Jims2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the rich, the living, the wounded6用在姓氏的复数名词前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前I live on the second floor.He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛,建筑物和旅馆的的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French The Summer Palace9用在一些习惯用语中in the morning定冠词用法总结定冠词用法总结There be 句型 There be 句型的用法: 表示某个地方存在某物或某人,Be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。单数is 复数are 房间里有一张桌子。 There is a table in the room. 树上有很多鸟。 There are some birds on the tree. 一、There be 句型的结构: (一)There is+单数可数名词+地点状语 例:There is a ruler on the desk. (二)There are+复数主语+地点状语 例:There are four apples on the tree. There are some flowers in the park. (三)there is + 不可数名词 +地点状语 (即使有some 也是单数) 例:There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。 (水是不可数名词) (常见的不可数名词water, oil, milk, rice, juice, bread, cheese, tea, ink)Exercise ( )1.There anything new in todays newspaper . A.is B.are C.isnt D.arent ( )2. there books on the shelf ? A.area B.is a C.have some D.areany( )3.There many elephants in Africa. A.is B.has C.are D.have2. There be选择就近原则:There be句型的就近原则是There be句型中语法项目的重点考点。There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由最挨近的一项的单复数决定。 如:There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔,但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen,因此,be动词用单数is。Exercise ( )1.Theres eraser on desk. A. anthe B.thea C.thethe D.an/( )2.There some milk, some eggs and a few apples on the table. A.is B.are C.has D.have二、There be 句型的疑问句及回答 (一)There be 句型的疑问 1. 在“There is/are.”的疑问句中,要把Be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号。难点:句中出现的some要改成any。 2. 肯定回答为:Yes, there is/are. 3. 否定回答为: No, there isnt/arent. 二、There be 句型的疑问句及回答 (一)There be 句型的疑问 1. 在“There is/are.”的疑问句中,要把Be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号。难点:句中出现的some要改成any。 2. 肯定回答为:Yes, there is/are. 3. 否定回答为: No, there isnt/arent. 例句 可数名词单数1. 肯定句There is an apple on the tree. 疑问句 Is there an apple on the tree? 肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isnt. 可数名词复数2. 肯定句There are five pens on the desk. 疑问句Are there five pens on the desk? 肯定回答: Yes, there are. 否定回答 No, there arent.不可数名词的时候 3.肯定句 There is some water in the cup. (水是不可数名词)否定句 Is there any water in the cup? 肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isnt.三、There be 句型的否定形式 (一)There be 句型的否定: 否定形式只要在be动词后面加not即可,is not =isnt are not= arent但要注意的是句中如果出现some则改成any. 1.There is a knife in the kitchen. 否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen. 2.There are five apples on the tree. 否定:There are not five apples on the tree. 3.There is some ink in the bottle. 否定:There is not any ink in the bottle. (ink是墨水,不可数名词)4.There are some birds singing in the tree. 否定:There are not any birds singing in the tree.
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