浅谈林业资源的森林防火管理中英文翻译

浅谈林业资源的森林防火管理中英文翻译Introduction to forest fire prevention management of forestry resources in both Chinese and English translation 摘要：随着林业的发展，森林资源保护已成为社会共识，各种保护措施和林业管理制度也一定程度上得到完善。但随着林业中可燃物的不断增加，森林防火形势也显得十分严峻。本文就林业防火中存在的问题进行分析，以健全森林消防组织体系为中心、以森林消防基础设施建设为基础、壮大森林消防保障力量为手段提出了各项防火技术和措施，全面提高森林防火能力，为林木生长提供良好的基础条件。Abstract: with the development of forestry, forest resources protection has become a social consensus, all kinds of protection measures and forestry management system is also to some extent. But along with the increase of fuel in the forest, forest fire situation is very serious. In this paper, the analysis of existing problems in forest fire prevention, as to perfect the system of forest fire protection organization as the center, on the basis of forest fire prevention infrastructure construction, expanding forest fire control security forces all fire protection technology and measures are proposed for means, comprehensive improve the ability of forest fire prevention, provide good basic condition for forest growing. 关键词：森林火灾 预防措施 森林火灾组织 职责Keywords: forest fire prevention forest fire organization roles and responsibilities 火灾是森林生长的主要敌人，也是最容易引发森林事故的因素。在森林中，一旦出现火灾，旦夕之间就能够烧毁大片的森林，造成林木的死亡，同时也会造成生态环境破坏和各种珍稀动物死亡、泥石流等自然灾害的出现，进而对农业生产造成一定的影响。森林火灾的扑灭也势必会引起各部门工作人员和机械的出动，耗费大量的人力物力。总之，在森林中一旦发生火灾，必然会给国家和人民带来损失，进而造成环境破坏，因此，加强森林防火工作是关系国民经济和人民财产的重大事故，必须要做好安全防范工作。Fire is the main enemy of the forest growth, is also the most prone to forest the factor of the accident. Fire in the forest, once appear, any day between can destroyed large tracts of forests, causing the death of trees, at the same time also can cause ecological environment destruction and all kinds of rare animal deaths, the emergence of the natural disaster such as mud-rock flow, have a certain impact on agricultural production. Forest fire extinguish also is bound to cause each department staff and machinery, spend a lot of manpower material resources. Anyhow, once there is a fire in the forest, will inevitably bring losses to the country and people, which cause environmental damage, therefore, strengthen the relationship between forest fire prevention work is the major accident of national economy and peoples property, must want to do a good job security. 1、森林火灾的预防措施1, the forest fire prevention measures 森林火灾是造成森林损伤问题的损坏之源，引起火灾出现的主要因素有三个，即可燃物质、火源和氧气。森林是可燃物质与氧气最充足的地方，正因为森林氧气充足，才有了人们新提出的森林浴概念。因此，在防火工作中这两方面是无法进行预防的，我们也只能够对火源进行合理有效的预防。火源可以分为自然火源与人为火源量只能够，其中造成森林火灾最多的便是人为火源。根据相关数据统计，在森林工作中，人为火源引起的火环占据整个森林火患的99%，因此加强人为火源管理是十分重要的。在森林人为火患预防中，做好预防工作的主要方法是加强对人的管理，加强对人在森林活动的管理。在这个过程中，我们要认真贯彻和落实以预防为主，积极消灭为辅的森林管理方针，以健全和完善管理制度、严格约束管理工作为基础来全面开展和落实防火工作，进而将各项火患控制到最低。具体预防措施有以下两个方面：Forest fire is the source of damage of forest damage problem, cause fire there are three main factors, namely combustible material, fire and oxygen. Forest is a place where combustible material and oxygen the most abundant, forest oxygen is enough, because there is the new forest bath concept put forward by the people. In the fire protection work, therefore, these two aspects is impossible to prevent, we also can only make reasonable effective prevention of fire. Fire can be divided into natural fire fire amount can only be with other people, which caused the forest fire is one of the most artificial fire. According to relevant data statistics, in forest work, artificial fire caused by the ring of fire occupies 99% of the whole forest HuoHuan, therefore, to strengthen fire management is very important. In artificial forest HuoHuan prevention, completes the prevention work of the main method is to strengthen the management of people, strengthen the management of people in the forest. In this process, we should earnestly implement and carry out the prevention primarily, destroy is complementary forest management policy, actively to improve and perfect management system, strict constraint based management to fully develop and implement fire protection work, which will be the HuoHuan control to a minimum. Specific prevention measures have the following two aspects: （1）预防森林火灾的行政措施(1) the administration of forest fire prevention measures 采取多种形式开展有效的森林防火宣传教育。建立健全森林防火组织机构。乡、村以及村民小组都应建立相应机构，并制定防火措施和责任制。以法治火。以国家森林法和森林防火条例为依据，对引起森林火灾的责任者追究行政和法律责任。1) adopt various forms to carry out effective forest fire prevention publicity education. (2) to establish and perfect the forest fire prevention organization. Township, village and villager group all shall establish corresponding mechanism, and make fire prevention measures and accountability. (3) with the rule of law. To forest law and the forest fire prevention regulations as the basis, to the cause of forest fire responsible shall be investigated for administrative and legal responsibilities. （2）预防森林火灾的技术措施(2) the technology of forest fire prevention measures 火险预报在防火期内，对森林火险情况进行预测预报是森林防火管理的一项重要措施。森林防火设施在林区应有各种防火设施，防火线、防火林道、防火林带、眺望台等。这些设施是防止森林火灾的最有效办法。In the period of fire prevention, fire danger forecast of forest fire danger situation prediction is an important measure of forest fire management. Forest fire prevention facilities in the area should have a variety of fire prevention facilities, fire lines motocross, fire prevention, fire prevention forest belt, gazebo, etc. These facilities are the most effective way to prevent forest fires. 2、防火组织和善后处理工作2, fire prevention organization and post-processing 森林防火工作是一项社会性、群众性很强的工作，单靠那一个部门，那一个企业独自抓这项工作是很难抓好的。必须充分地发动群众，组织群众，努力提高群众自觉参与的能力。尤其是在林农交叉和林农混居的林区，有生产和副业生产的林区，做好群众工作尤为重要。Forest fire prevention work is a social and mass work, alone the one department, one that enterprises grasp the work alone is difficult to pay special attention to. Must be fully launched the masses, organize the masses to raise peoples ability to participate in. Especially in the cross of forest and mixed forest area of forest, forest production and sideline production, completes the mass work is particularly important. （1）扑救森林火灾的组织发生森林火灾，应迅速组织力量扑救。扑火是极其艰巨而复杂的战斗，必须有严密的组织，统一指挥，统一行动，领导一定要亲临现场组织扑救，火灾比较大的，应组织临时扑火指挥部。(1) save the organization of forest fire occurrence of forest fires, should be immediately organize power save. Blazes is extremely difficult and complicated battle, there must be a strict organization, unified command, unified action, leadership must attend organization saves, the fire is bigger, should organize the temporary fire command. （2）扑救森林火灾的善后工作森林火灾扑教后，立即对受灾林区进行损失调查和统计工作。火灾面积调查调查人员更是要深入火灾现场，在现场绘制出准确、合理可靠的现场图，进而计算出准确的受损面积。林木损失调查采用标准地方法调查，是通过在计算标准范围之中对烧死、烧伤和未曾烧伤的树木进行分类调查了，确定各项经济损失和林业参数。损失程度标准如下：(2) the aftermath of the forest fire fighting robot teach after forest fire, immediately to the affected forest loss survey and statistic work. Fire area of investigation and investigators should deep into the scene of the fire, on the site map is accurate, reasonable and reliable figure, and then calculate the damaged area of the accurate. Forest loss using standard methods to survey, through the calculation standard scope to burn, burn and burn trees which have not classified investigation and determine the parameters of all the economic losses and forestry. Damage criteria is as follows: 烧毁木树冠全烧焦，而且树干也严重的烧毁，在砍伐之后无法做到木材使用的要求。烧死木树冠2/3以上被烧焦，或者树干也烧坏严重，但是树木的根部却未曾损坏，有可能再次生长和恢复。树根烧伤严重，树木已无恢复生长的可能，采伐后尚能做用材。烧伤木树冠被烧部分在1/2以下，树皮烧伤不严重，有恢复的可能性。未烧木树冠未被烧，树干、树根未受伤害，仅外部树皮被过火燎黑。按上述四类分别统计林木株数与材积，推算总的林术损失。1) burning wood canopy full burning, and trunk also badly burned, cannot do after logging wood use requirements. (2) the canopy of the two-thirds burned burned wood, or trunk also burn is serious, but the root of the trees are not damaged, may again and restore growth. (3) the root severe burns, may have to grow trees, cutting timber to be able to do after. (4) canopy were burnt parts under 1/2 burn wood, bark burns not serious, have the possibility of recovery. Not burning wood canopy not burned, trunk, and roots did not hurt, only external black bark was far passed on them. According to the above four types of statistical number of trees and volume, respectively, calculate the total forest loss. 3、完善森林防火管理工作3, improve forest fire prevention management work （1）认真贯彻执行“预防为主、积极消灭”的方针，协助乡镇政府制定好森林防火基础设施、设备建设规划和防火扑救措施，并督促按规划的要求完成。(1) seriously carrying out the policy of kill the prevention first, positive, good township government in planning of forest fire prevention infrastructure construction, equipment planning and measures of fire fighting, and urged complete according to the requirement of the planning. （2）进入重点防火期前，协助乡镇政府对防火设施和措施落实情况进行检查，协助落实防火值班、扑火队员的培训及村级专职护林员巡逻报警等有关工作。(2) before entering the key shall, to assist the township government inspection on fire protection facilities and measures to carry out the situation, to help implement fire protection duty, team players, training, and full-time rangers patrol police and related work. （3）协助乡镇政府做好毗邻地区的森林防火联防工作。(3) to assist the township government to do a good job of forest fire prevention of zone adjacent to the area. （4）在发生森林火灾时，协助乡镇政府做好扑火队伍的组织协调工作。(4) in the case of forest fires, assist the township government completes the blazes team organization and coordination of the work. 4、完善防火责任制4, improve the responsibility system for fire prevention 抓落实，见成效，关键是加强领导。森林防火工作之所以能取得阶段性胜利，最重要、最关键的一条就是思想认识到位，高度重视，组织有力，责任明确。要切实做到“三狠抓、三落实”，确保森林防火不因工作疏忽而出任何问题。Implement and effective, the key is to strengthen the leadership. Forest fire prevention work to phased victory, the most important and the most critical one is ideological understanding in place, attaches great importance to organize effectively and responsibilities clear. We need to do three vigorously promotes, SanLaShi, to ensure that the forest fire prevention is not negligence due to work out any problems. 第一，狠抓组织领导，做到防火责任落实。一要落实好“七长”负责制。从县长、乡长、村长、组长、场长、校长、户长，逐级签订森林防火责任状，把“七长”负责制贯穿到森林防火工作的全过程，做到在整个工作部署上，防火工作有位子；在资金安排上，防火投入进盘子；在工作开展上，防火措施有法子。二要落实好天保管护组织一条线的责任。把森林防火工作作为天保工作的一项硬任务、硬指标，森林防火工作在乡镇、护林站、村委会、村护林员年度天保考核中要严格考核，奖惩到位，对出现问题的，该否决的否决，该解聘的解聘，该追究责任的追究责任，决不姑息迁就。加强领导，落实责任，最重要的是加强一把手对森林防火工作的领导，落实一把手的森林防火责任。各防火责任单位主要领导要把森林防火工作作为第一件大事、第一位任务、第一项职责，集中精力、集中时间，亲自抓薄弱环节、亲自抓研究部署、亲自抓检查落实。First, vigorously promotes the organization and leadership, do fire prevention responsibility implementation. A good to implement the responsibility system of seven. From county magistrate, townships and towns, village head, group leader, field, principals, householder, sign the forest fire prevention ZeRenZhuang step by step, the seven long responsibility system through the whole process of forest fire prevention work, do it on the entire work deployment, fire prevention work table; On the funding arrangement, fire prevention inputs into the plate; On the work, fire prevention measures have way. Second, we must implement the nice day management organization the responsibility of the line. Forest fire prevention work as a tough YingRenWu, tianbao, forest fire prevention work in the villages and towns, ranger stations, the village committee, village ranger in the annual assessment of tianbao to strict appraisal, rewards and punishments in place, to appear problem, the veto, the discharge of the discharge, it shall be investigated for responsibility shall be investigated for responsibility, never palliative indulging. Strengthen the leadership, carries out the responsibility, the most important is to strengthen the chief leader of forest fire prevention work, implement the head of the forest fire prevention. Each fire responsibility unit main leadership to forest fire prevention work as the first great thing, the first task, the first responsibility, concentrate, concentration time, grasp the weak link, personally of my own research deployment, personally inspect the implementation. 第二，狠抓责任追究，做到奖惩措施到位。责任制的落实，是做好森林防火工作的关键措施。各责任单位领导及组成人员有变动的，要及时调整充实，决不能出现岗位空缺和工作断档，做到人员变动森林防火责任不变。对领导得力、措施落实、预防到位、扑救及时、成效显著的单位和个人，要进行表彰奖励。凡防火责任不落实、发现火灾隐患不作为、发生火情隐瞒不报、扑火组织不得力，并造成严重后果和恶劣影响的，要依法依纪严肃追究单位领导和相关人员的责任。Second, vigorously promotes responsibility, rewards and punishments measures in place. Implement the responsibility system, the key is to do a good job of forest fire prevention measures. All responsible unit of leadership and staff have change, should timely adjust the enrichment, job vacancy and job disconnect must not appear, do personnel changes in forest fire prevention responsibilities remains the same. To implement strong leaders, measures, timely and effective prevention in place, fighting the units and individuals, must carry on the commendation and reward. Every fire responsibility implement, found no fire hazards, fire information, blazes organization not strength, and serious consequences are caused and the bad influence, to serious shall be investigated in accordance with the unit leadership and the responsibility of the relevant personnel. 5、结束语5, the conclusion 森林防火工作是保护现有森林资源和生态环境成果的大事，它关系到社会安定和经济发展大局，责任重于泰山。只有以高度负责的精神，务实高效的作风，果断有力的措施，才能做好森林防火攻坚战，为巩固造林绿化成果，保护森林资源，优化生态环境，振兴经济作出新的贡献。Forest fire prevention work is to protect the current forest resource and ecological environment, it is related to social stability and economic development overall situation, responsibility than mount tai. Only with highly responsible spirit, pragmatic and efficient style of work, decisive effective measures, can make the forest fire prevention to be completed, to consolidate afforestation, protection of forest resources, optimizing ecological environment and economic development to make new contributions.