糖尿病相关英文词汇

DM相关英文词汇小结1. Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病2. hyperglycemia高血糖3. abnormalities异常4. insulin secretion胰岛素分泌5. insulin sensitivity胰岛素敏感性6. microvascular complications微血管并发症7. macrovascular complications 大血管并发症8. neuropathic complications神经并发症9. ensue出现、发生10.immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic -cells免疫介导的胰岛细胞损伤11. long preclinical period亚临床期长12. transient remission疾病短暂好转13. honeymoon phase蜜月期14. autoantibodies自身抗体15. islet cell antibody胰岛细胞抗体17. insulin antibodies 胰岛素抗体18. lipolysis脂肪分解19. free fatty acid production游离脂肪酸生成20. increased hepatic glucose production肝糖生成增加21.decreased skeletal muscle uptake of glucose肌肉组织对葡萄糖摄取下降22. a diabetogenic lifestyle (excessivecalories, inadequate exercise, and obesity)易导致糖尿病的生活方式（能量过度摄入、锻炼不足、肥胖）23. superimposed upon 协同24. a susceptible genotype易感基因25. glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素26. pentamidine喷他脒27. niacin烟酸28. -interferon-干扰素29. Impaired fasting glucose，IFG空腹血糖受损（5.66.9 mmol/L）30. impaired glucose tolerance，IGT糖耐量受损（7.811.0 mmol/L）31. retinopathyDM视网膜病变32. neuropathyDM神经病变33. nephropathyDM肾病34. coronary heart disease冠心病35. stroke中风36. peripheral vascular disease外周血管病变37. prone to develop diabetic ketoacidosis自发酮症倾向38. severe stress严重应激39. insulin counterregulatory hormones胰岛素对抗激素40. asymptomatic无症状41. unrelated blood testing随机血糖42. Lethargy无精打采43. polyuria多尿44. nocturia夜尿45. polydipsia烦渴46. Hemoglobin A1C（glycosylated hemoglobin）糖化血红蛋白（6.5%为诊断标准）46. Fasting plasma glucose空腹血糖（126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)为诊断标准）47. oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)口服糖耐量检测48. 75 g anhydrous glucose75g无水葡萄糖（折合82.5g一水葡萄糖）49. Two-hour plasma glucose 2小时血糖（200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L)为诊断标准）50. A random plasma glucose concentration 随机血糖（200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L)为诊断标准）51. hyperglycemic crisis高血糖危象52. positive family history家族史阳性53. ameliorate symptoms of hyperglycemia控制高血糖症状54. Glycemic Goals血糖控制目标55. Preprandial plasma glucose餐前血糖56. Postprandial plasma glucose餐后血糖57. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists美国临床内分泌医师学会AACE58. American College of Endocrinology美国内分泌学会ACE59. American Diabetes Association美国糖尿病协会ADA60. aggressive management强化控制61. smoking cessation戒烟62. treatment of dyslipidemia调节血脂异常63. intensive blood pressure强化血压控制64. antiplatelet therapy抗血小板治疗65. dietary and exercise modifications改变饮食锻炼习惯66. self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)自我血糖监测67. low in saturated fat饱和脂肪限量68. caloric restriction控制热量69. Bedtime and between meal snacks睡前及餐间零食70. Aerobic exercise有氧锻炼71. sedentary patients 既往运动较少的病人72. atherosclerotic disease动脉粥样硬化疾病73. subcutaneously皮下注射74. Humalog (insulin lispro)赖脯胰岛素（优泌乐）75. NovoLog (insulin aspart)门冬胰岛素（诺和锐）76. Apidra (insulin glulisine)赖谷胰岛素（Apidra，目前还没有中文名）77. Rapid-acting insulins速效胰岛素78. Short-acting insulins短效胰岛素79. Humulin R (regular)优泌林R80. Novolin R (regular)诺和灵R81. Intermediate-acting insulins (neutral protamine Hagedorn)中效胰岛素（中性鱼精蛋白胰岛素，NPH）Hagedorn为发明者名字82. Humulin N优泌林N83. Novolin N 诺和灵N84. Long-acting insulins长效胰岛素85. Lantus (insulin glargine)来得时（甘精胰岛素）86. Levemir (insulin detemir)诺和平（地特胰岛素）87. Premixed insulins预混胰岛素88. Humalog Mix 75/25 (75% neutral protamine lispro,25% lispro)优泌乐MIX75/25（75%鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；25%赖脯胰岛素）89. Humalog Mix 50/50 (50% neutral protamine lispro,50% lispro)优泌乐MIX50/50（50%中性鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；50%赖脯胰岛素）90. Novolog Mix 70/30(70% aspart protaminesuspension, 30% aspart)阿福特罗诺和锐MIX70/30(70%鱼精蛋白门冬胰岛素；30%门冬胰岛素)91.NPH-regular combinations中效-短效组合92. Humulin 70/30优泌林70/3093. Novolin 70/30诺和灵70/3094. Exenatide (Byetta)艾塞那肽（百泌达）GLP-195. Liraglutide (Victoza)利拉鲁肽（诺和力）96. Pramlintide (Symlin)普兰林肽（人胰淀素类似物）97. delayed postmeal hypoglycemia迟发性餐后低血糖98. nocturnal hypoglycemia夜间低血糖99. fasting hyperglycemia空腹高血糖100. Glucagon （1 g intramuscularly）胰高血糖素（肌肉注射）101. Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) Agonists胰高血糖素样肽1激动剂102. gastric emptying胃排空103. Sulfonylureas磺脲类104. equipotent doses等效剂量105. Glipizide格列吡嗪（普通片，控释片（XL）瑞易宁）106. glyburide格列本脲（普通片：Diabeta,优降糖；微乳制剂：Micronase）107. Glimepiride格列美脲(Amaryl,亚莫利)108. Short-acting insulin secretagogues短效胰岛素促泌剂（餐时促泌剂）109. Nateglinide那格列奈（Starlix，唐力）110. Repaglinide 瑞格列奈（Prandin，孚来迪）111. Biguanides双胍类112. Metformin二甲双胍（格华止，Glucophage）113. Metformin extended release二甲双胍缓释片（格华止，Glucophage XR ）114. Thiazolidinediones噻唑烷二酮类115. Pioglitazone 吡格列酮（艾可拓，Actos）116. Rosiglitazone 罗格列酮（文迪雅，Avandia）117. -Glucosidase inhibitors-糖苷酶抑制剂118. Acarbose阿卡波糖（拜糖平，Precose）119. Miglitol米格列酮（Glyset）120. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors二肽基转肽酶-4抑制剂121. Sitagliptin 西格列汀（捷诺维，Januvia）122. Saxagliptin 沙格列汀（安立泽，Onglyza）123. Glyburide/metformin 格列本脲/二甲双胍（Glucovance）124. Glipizide/metformin (N) Metaglip格列吡嗪/二甲双胍（Metaglip）125. Rosiglitazone/metformin 罗格列酮/二甲双胍（文达敏，Avandamet）126. long half-life drugs长半衰期药物127. skip meals, 误餐128. exercise vigorously高强度锻炼129. skin rash皮疹130. hemolytic anemia溶血性贫血131. GI upset胃肠道不适132. cholestasis 胆汁淤积133. Hyponatremia低钠血症134. glucose dependent insulin release葡萄糖依赖的胰岛素释放（格列奈类）135. the medication should also be skipped误餐，当餐药物也无需服用136. insulin-sensitive tissues胰岛素敏感组织137. hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissues 肝脏及外周（肌肉）组织138. basal-bolus therapy基础联合餐时胰岛素方案136. glycemic lability.血糖不稳定137. preprandial SMBG level餐前血糖监测水平138. upcoming activity level 未来运动量139. anticipated carbohydrate intake预计摄食水平140. Carbohydrate counting碳水化合物计量141. diminish aggregation减少聚集142. greater glycemic control严格控制血糖143. erratic postprandial control餐后血糖控制不佳144. judiciously titrated based on GI adverse effects and postprandial glycemic goals根据胃肠道不良反应及血糖控制水平调整剂量145. Symptomatic patients有症状的患者146. worsen insulin resistance加重胰岛素抵抗147. therapeutic lifestyle measures治疗性生活方式改善148. Obese patients (120% ideal body weight)肥胖患者（标准体重120%）149. Near-normal-weight patients体重基本正常的患者150. disease progresses on metformin therapy应用二甲双胍期间病情进展151. on multiple therapies正在应用多种治疗方案152. bedtime injection晚间（胰岛素）注射153. Intensify management强化治疗方案154. Less intensive management非强化治疗方案155. intact hypoglycemia awareness有低血糖症状（未受损伤）156. used at the discretion of the clinician在医师的监护下用药157. ophthalmologist眼科医生158. regress恢复159. Laser photocoagulation激光光凝治疗160. Paresthesias 感觉异常161. numbness麻木162. predominant symptoms主要症状163. tricyclic antidepressants,三环类抗抑郁药物164. anticonvulsants 抗惊厥的药165. gabapentin加巴喷丁166. pregabalin普瑞巴林167. carbamazepine 卡巴咪嗪168. topiramate托吡酯169. duloxetine, 度洛西汀170. venlafaxine, 文拉法辛171. topical capsaicin辣椒素（表面应用）172. analgesics止痛药173. tramadol 曲马多174. Gastroparesis胃瘫175. Erythromycin红霉素176. debilitating使人虚弱的177. metoclopramide甲氧氯普胺178. orthostatic hypotension体位性低血压179. mineralocorticoids盐皮质激素180. Diabetic diarrhea糖尿病腹泻181. nocturnal夜间（五更泻）182. doxycycline多西环素183. metronidazole甲硝唑184. Octreotide 奥曲肽185. Erectile dysfunction勃起功能障碍186. sildenafil西地那非187. vardenafil伐地那非188. tadalafil他达那非189. retarding the progression of established nephropathy延缓神经病变进程190. Diuretics利尿剂191. volume-expanded states容量增加状态192. Claudication跛行193. correction of dyslipidemia纠正血脂异常194. antiplatelet therapy抗血小板治疗195. Cilostazol 西洛他唑(Pletal)196. select patients选定的病人197. Local debridement去死皮198. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel IIIGuidelines国际胆固醇教育项目成人治疗专家指南200. Niacin 烟酸201.fibrate贝特类药物202. polyuria多尿203.polydipsia多饮，烦渴204. Finer insulin adjustments更为精细的血糖调节205. nocturnal sweating夜汗206.palpitations心悸207. microalbuminuria微量白蛋白尿208. albuminuria白蛋白尿209. dilated ophthalmologic exams散瞳查眼底210. influenza and pneumococcal vaccine流感及肺炎疫苗