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Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气 条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来过去式 (were)had done would/could/should/might +V (原)would/could/should/might +have done1.过去式2. should+ V.(原)3. were to do would/could/should/might +V. (原)一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。 如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。If he came here, he might be able to help you. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning. 明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French. 要是失败了，我会再试一次。If it should fail, I would try again. 1.如 果 你 早 来 5分 钟 ， 你 就 赶 上 这 趟 车 了 。If you _ here five minutes earlier，you _ the bus .2.如 果 我 现 在 不 忙 ， 我 就 来 帮 你 了 。If I _ not busy, I _ you now.3.如 果 明 天 下 雪 了 ， 我 们 怎 么 办 ？What _ we do if it _tomorrow?had gotwere would helpshould were to snowWould have caught If I _busy last night, I _ to see the film with you .had not beenwould have gone If he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday.would not have had had driven If I _(know) your telephone number, I _ (telephone) you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned 二. 虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语从句现在: 过去时（were）过去: 过去完成时(had done)未来: would/could/might +V.(原) should 我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。I wish I were ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。I wish I would be a scientist. 2. would rather that现在:过去:未来: I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时 3. as if /though + 从句 现在：过去：过去时过去完成时 She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. 他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。He looks as if he were drunk.她看起来似乎是冰做的she looked as if she were made of ice. 4. Its (about/high) time +that过去时(were)Should(不省) +V.你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, ask I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意: 如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。 1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once. obey wasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill. have was 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式为(should）+动词原形order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句，从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. 很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我们有必要努力学习Its necessary that we should study hard. 7. 虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句中, “要是就好了”If only I were a flying bird!= How I wish I were a flying bird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film! 8.在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。If it were not for the rain , the crops would die. 要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务If it had not been for your help , we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help= Without your help= Had it not been for your help, 9. 混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一 致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。 如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。 If I were you , I would not have broken the glass. 10.连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。Had you not helped me， I should have failed. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。 Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 1._he come, the problem would be settled.A would . B should . C shall . D if . 2. _, man could not live at all . A were it not for the sun . B if it was for the sun . C had it not been for the sun. D if it shouldnt be for the sun. 3. _. Everything would have been all right. A had he been here . B here he had been . C been here he had . D had he been here .4._fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off .A would you be . B should you be . C could you be . D might you be . 错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。* 近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型： If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country_ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been 如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学生，四年后就会大学毕业了。 If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years time. 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词, 可以把 if 省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I had time, I would come. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Had I time, I would come.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without, or, otherwise , but for等词隐含某种假设。I lost your address, otherwise Iyou long before.A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. should visit 没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。But for the rain, we would have finished the work. 常见的几种固定句式。如If only, insist, suggest及Its time/necessary/important that从句等等。If only I to my parents advice!A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listenedHis silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan.A. shouldnt agree B. wouldnt agree C. hadnt agreed D. didnt agree The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished Its high time he home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to goEven if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem.A. was B. were C. be D. is
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