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20 1 3年8月农业机械学报第44卷第8期li:10. 6(41 /j. in. 10()0-4298.2013.08.014大豆播种机偏置双i气吸式排种器71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 20 1 3年8月农业机械学报第44卷第8期71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 20 1 3年8月农业机械学报第44卷第8期赵佳乐I贾洪雷2姜鑫铭I王玉I王刚I郭慧I(1吉林大学卞物与农业T程学院.长弃130025; 2.吉林大学丁程仿定教育部取点实验気,长春13()025 )摘要:设汁了一种大豆播种机偏邊双圆盘气吸式排种臥通过分析偏世双圆盘气吸式排种益取种、排种作业脈理. 对扶关键部件进行了设计、优化。以排种器播种吸盘转速、气流运动速度为试验冈董漏播率为试验指标分別进行 单因素试验和二次通用旋转组合试验,运用Design-Expert软件得岀回归曲血并建立数学模型,得出最佳因索纽, 为气流速度220 m/”、排种器播种吸盘转速100 r/min.此时漏播率为2. 72%关键词:大豆排种器气吸式性能设计中图分类号:S222. 4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:10004298 G013 )084X)78-06Suction Type Offset Double Disc Seed Metering Device of Soybean SeederZliao Jialr1 Jia Honglri2 Jiang Ximning1 Vi ang Yu1 Wang Gang1 Guo Hui1(1 Colhgr liiogical and Agricultural Engineering. Jilin University. Changchun 130025. China2. Key Ijaboralory of Iiionic Engineering MfTwlfry of Education. Jilin UniiTrsitv. Changchun 130025. China )Abstract: A double offset disc air-Mivtion seed mrtrring drvicr for soybean was designed Tlie key parts of srrd mrtrring devier was drsignrd and optimized based on thr working principles of seed taking and seed metering. Tlie single factor experiments and the quadratic general rotary unitized design were carried out with thr rotational spree! and air velocity as rxjxrinicntal factors and seed missing rate as rxprninrntal index. The regression surface was obtained and its niathenutical iikmIcI was built by using the Design- Expert software. Tlie results showed that the air velocity of 220 in/s and rotational speed of 100 r/min wrrr thr lrst combination factors, which leaded to thr srrd missing nite of 2 72% KeV words: Soyl)ean Seeder Suction ty|c Prrfonnance Design71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 20 1 3年8月农业机械学报第44卷第8期71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 20 1 3年8月农业机械学报第44卷第8期收稿H期:2013-01-24 修何 H 期:20134)1-30 “十二1T国家科技支挣计划拆助项目e0UBAD20B09)作者简介:赵皈博I.生主要从事全程机械化与保护性耕作理论与技术研究.E-uil: /lia.jiaM)313 163. com 通讯作者:二教授博士生导师主要从爭全艸机械化W呆护杵耕作理;仑与技术研Vi.Email: jiahlvip63g引言排种器主要分为气吸式排种器和机械式排种器 崗种7。气吸式排种器主要冇组合吸孔气吸式排 种器、气吸滚筒式排种器等7。机械式排种器主 要冇倾斜圆盘勺式排种器、组合内窝孔米椿密排 种器等A9。近年来随着运用大马力拖拉机进行耕 种作业成为主要趋势播种作业的速度最高町达 8 km/h 传统排种器的播种频率已无法满足作业耍 求咲闻。本文设计一种播种频率符合高速作业要 求的大豆播种机偏置双圆盘气吸式排种器设冇圆 锥式吸种孔和球状对称曲而取种机构将机械式排 种器与气吸式排种器的优点结合起來实现低雨播、 低漏播、低破碎、高频率的作业要求。1排种器结构与工作原理嵋置双圆盘气吸式排种器主要山种箱庞种圆盘、 播种吸盘、球状对称曲面取种夹、密闭风箱和圆锥式吸 种孔等构成,如图1所示。每两个球状对称曲面取种 夹、两根空心轴、两根弹簧和两根实心轴组成一组球状 对称曲面取种机构。弹簧的两端分别焊接在播种吸盘 和球状对称曲面取种夹上,实心轴与播种吸盘焊合,空 心轴与球状对称曲血取种夹焊合,弹赞缠绕在实心轴 上弹簧、空心轴、实心轴以轴线币:合的方式套接在一 71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, #农业机械学报2 0 I 3 年起“球状对称曲面取种火空心轴、弹贷受到种子挤压 时可沿实心轴轴线移动,弹簧对种子施加沿实心轴轴 线方向上的力。圆锥式吸种孔最下端面为半径3 nun 的【虬最1:端面为半径4 32 nun的圆,孔长为4mm。圆 俳式吸种孑L、球状对称曲面取种夹的内墜上祁贴冇泡 沫薄膜,种子与其接触时泡沐薄膜的形状町以改变,使 种子表面与圆锥式吸种孔、球状对称曲面取种夹完全 接触能够右效地夹持种子并降低伤种率。71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, #农业机械学报2 0 I 3 年71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, #农业机械学报2 0 I 3 年(a)71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, #农业机械学报2 0 I 3 年图1排种器结构Fig. 1 Structure of metering devicea)主视图血)俯視图1 种箱2 运种岡盘3 撐种器孟 轴頑端孟5运种鬪盘轴承6 运种岡盘轴7播种吸躯轴 &播种吸盘轴承9 怖种竹10. 式吸种孔11 播种吸盘12 橡胶riKte 13 密闭凤箱14 通凤管15J6球状对称曲mi取种夹17J8.空心轴19.20.弹裁21、22实心轴71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, #农业机械学报2 0 I 3 年71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 81农业机械学报2 0 I 3 年充种时种箱内的种子掉落进运种1|盘的凹槽 内随运种圆盘转动至播种吸盘下方。风机使播种 吸盘上、下两侧产生负压,气流产牛运动,凹槽内的 种子受到气流运动所产卞的吸力儿作用开始向吸 种孔方向运动因为吸种孔最F端面为半径3 inm 的圆,而大豆种子的球形率大于90%且半径均大于 3inm,所以率先与吸种孔接触的种子会将吸种孔下 端堵住使吸种孔下端的气体停止流动Jt余未与吸 种孔相接触的种子不再受到气流吸力儿作用而掉 落进而保证一组球状对称曲面取种夹只夹持一粒 种子:。此时堵住吸种孔的种子也不再受到气流 吸力几作用但受到负斥产I的压力你、n身币:力 G、球状对称曲面取种夹的压力八、儿、几、4、离心 力凡、吸种孔F端面边缘的支撑力儿、几的共同作 用,如图2所示几、几的值并不固定,可以根据Jt 他力的变化而变化使种子在轴向、径向上受力达到 平衡,满足种子在球状对称曲面取种夹夹持下,随播种吸 盘匀速转动,排种器完成取种作业。由上述可知风机 产牛的负压越大你越大,排种器对种子的夹持能力越 好,该扌II:种器所连风机相对压力为-5 -8kPao气流 吸力几越大,种子越容易被吸附到吸种孔上排种 器对种子的吸附效果越好气流吸力儿为F = *0巾/窗6 )式中G空气阻力系数t气流速度m/sP空气密度Ag/m3种子半径,mm耳可由下式求得Fp 二 P/nrhS)式中Pt风机产牛的负H(,MPa种子在球状对称曲面取种夹的夹持下随播种吸 盘转动到排种管上方时位于播种吸盘匕方的橡胶 挡风板会将吸种孔上端完全描住,被夹持的种子不 再受到的作用,在门身砲力G、球状对称曲面取 种夹所施加斥力的分力八、几的共同作用下掉落 进排种管中完成排种作业如图3所示。2取种机构关键参数设计2.1吸种孔形状和尺寸2. 1.1吸种孔最下端面半径如如图4所示,播种吸盘上的吸种孔对气流冇节流作用,排种器取种室内的气流会在吸种孔最下端 而.1处收缩在CD处达到气流最小截而厉开始扩 张。10 V/, 加时吸种孔为上粗F细的锥形孔;当S = %时吸种孔为上下均匀的圆柱形孔;当G 时,吸种孔为上细下粗的锥形孔。山流量测试仪测 得S取不同値时气流速度的値如表1所示。71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, #农业机械学报2 0 I 3 年rCH/nun气流速度厂初/m厂i12J345平均值2.5154.615& 2155.3153. 1160.2156. 283.0213.5214.8218.5217.6213.2215. 523.5255.4253.5256. 1255.4256.5255.384.0280.2279.4278.5282. 1280.5280. 144.5282.3280.5283. 1279.5278.9280.86表1单因素试验结果Tab. 1 Single factor repeated experimental results of rtM71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 82农业机械学报2 0 I 3 年00)由Design-Expert软件得到S关于的回归方 程和响应曲线,如式(13 )和图5所示.vAH = 一 429. 666 67 + 32& 725 49r6/ - 37. 960 78乙吸神孔址上端面半仞nun图5吸种孔最上端面半径与气流速度拟合曲线Fig. 5 Kitted curve? lelween air velocity and radiusof lop end face of suction hole-TEPf亠叫 Pct)亠VCD6 )云十矿亦十石响=%皿6)6%1$口)= VABAH(7)Sg = MqSm )S.M = SgM | )式中/a(e c345平均值2402.212. 182.252. 232. 222.2182302.422. 392. 382. 372.412. 3942202. 682. 722.742.672. 682. 6982103.513. 533.493. 503.483. 5022004. 224. 154.214. 184. 204. 1925 o 5 o 5 Q4.4.工3.2X%/*工Fig. 9 Fitted curve between rotational peedand seed missing rate3.3旋转组合试验试验结果如表5所示由Drsign-F:xprrt软件对 试验结果进行分析,得出响应曲面图,如图10所示。 由响应曲面图町血:漏播率随着气流速度的增大而 降低,随衿排种器播种吸盘转速的提高而上升;两个 试验冈素具有交互作用其中气流速度比排种器播 种吸盘转速对漏播率的影响显著。由Design-ExKrl 软件得出漏播率与因素编码值的回I丿I方程为y=2. 76 - 1. 05X +0. 27X2 +0. 46X; +71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 第8期赵佳乐竽:大亞播种机偏逊双圆盘气吸式排种签#表5试验方案及试验结果71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 第8期赵佳乐竽:大亞播种机偏逊双圆盘气吸式排种签858转速A. /r*nun 112345平均值1204.424. 504. 294. 494.604 4601104. 034. 224. 104. 154. 084. 1161003.653763553523.503. 596903.042. 952.823. 223. 143 034802. 151.961.972.051.982. 022图10响应曲面Fig. 10 ResiMmse surface plot图8气流速度上j漏播率关系拟合曲线Kitted cune I between air velocity and seed imssiiig rate3. 2.2排种器播种吸盘转速播种吸盘转速单因索试验中气体流速固定为 220 m / s 排种器播种吸盘转速依次按照农4选取 5个水平,进行排种器播种吸盘转速的单因素试验。 对试验结果进行F检验,得化 匚。血16 ),即 排种器播种吸盘转速对单粒率影响显茗。通过 Design-Expert软件拟合出回归曲线图如图9所示。 由回01曲线图町知漏播率y随着排种器播种吸盘转 速X的提高而上升.随廿排种器播种吸盘转速不断 提高漏播率上升的趋势逐渐减缓。排种器播种吸 盘转速单因素回归方程为y= -10.816 67 +0. 226 37 -0.000 824Ar;(18 )表4排种器播种吸盘转速单因素试验结果Tab. 4 Single ractor repeated experimental results ofrotational speed of seed metering deviceTab 5 Experimental scheme and results试脸编号X、漏播率“1113. 2221-12. 8531-14.214-114. 6351.41402. 776-1.41405. 32701.4143. 2280-1.4142. 839002. 7210002. 70il002. 7512002.6413002.713. 4 验证试验根据Design-Expert软件得出的最优参数组合 气流速度220 m/s、排种器播种吸盘转速100 r/min, 进行豆复验证性试验漏播率平均值为2. 72%,与 软件优化结果基本一致。4结论(1)吸种孔的结构对排种器作业性能具冇显苦 影响,吸种孔采用圆锥形孔且闘锥形孔最卜端面半 径为3 innuM端血半径为4. 32 nnn时排种器吸种 效果最佳。Q)排种器播种吸盘转速对排种器漏播率具冇#考 显著影响.漏播率随排种器播种吸盘转速的提高而 増加随廿排种器播种吸盘转速不断提高漏播率上 升的趋势逐渐减缓。0)气流速度对排种器漏播率具有显著影响, 漏播率随着流速度加快而降低随着U流速度不 断增加漏播率降低的趋势逐渐减缓。U)排种器播种吸盘转速和气流运动速度对排 种器漏播率的影响具有交互作用其中气流速度比 排种器播种吸盘转速对漏播率的影响显着。排种器 最佳冈素组合为气流速度220 m/s、排种器播种吸盘 转速100 r/min.此时漏播率为2. 72%。71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 第8期赵佳乐竽:大亞播种机偏逊双圆盘气吸式排种签#71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 第8期赵佳乐竽:大亞播种机偏逊双圆盘气吸式排种签#I陈芷冬.何堤论榊密排种器的现状及发展方向J 农机化研究.2006Chen 1 .idoiig, He Di. Disciission on the(*urn*nt itualion of the planting device anti leveloping lire-ti!i j . Jiniriial of ?gri(riiltural Mechanization Kesearch. 2006 (4 ): 16 18. Gn Chinese )2孙裕晶,马成林.李前.加压条件下气力轮式椿密排种器性能分析J.农业机械学报.2009.40 (7 ):72 77.60.Sun Yujing. Mil Clwnglin, l.i Meng Analysis on |erfr! nance of an air4lowing vertical-rotor ty|e precision seed-inelrring device j Tranctions of ihr ChiiifMe SH*irty for .Agricultural Machint-ry. 2(X)9.40 (7 ):72 77. 60 Gii Chintz )3罗锡文,王在満蒋恩臣等.型孔轮式排种器弹性随动护种带装迓设计J.农业机械学报.2008.39 (12 ):61 -63.Uio Xiwrn. W iing Zaiinan Jiang Enchrn. rt al. IVsign of (lisiiseinblr niblxT guard drvicr fbr ce wlut-l fertotilling and stiibl)le-4)reaking machine J Soil & Pillage IZurch. 2007.94 (1 ):20l -208.6 Karayel I). 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Gn Chinese )11熔庆却李继波用国良气力式油菜特駅排种器试強J.农业机械学报.2009.40 W ):44-48.Liao Qingxi Li Jibo, Qin Guoliang Ex|Mariiiient of pneuniatic precision inek?ring de ice fw rapeseed j Transactio!veriinrntal research of suction seed metering device about pressure and ntition prwl (j Journal of Agrirulhiral Mrchanizalion Krsrarch.2(X)6 ): 130 131. Gn Chinese )13李成华.高玉芝张本华.气吹式倾斜圆盘排种器排种性能试验J.农业机械学报.2008,39 (10):90M.Li Cheiighua, Gao Yuzhi Zhang Benhua. Experinumt n nnance of air-sweeping inclined plate seed-metering leice j rraiisaclions of the Chinese SM-iely for Agricultural Mac hinery 2008.39 (10 ): 90 94 Gn Chinese )14髯庆高焕文玉米水平圆盘特密排种器排种性能试験研究J 农业丁程学报.2()03.19 (1 ):99 10315F建群MF JI组合内畑唯种器清种过程的离散元虑仿真分析山农业1:程学报.2008.24 6 )JO5 0971994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved,
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