American-System-of-Government-美国政府结构

2021/6/7 1 American System of Government 2021/6/7 2 American System of Governmentl The Legislature (立 法 部 门 ）l The Executive （ 行 政 部 门 ）l The Judiciary （ 司 法 部 门 ） 2021/6/7 3 The Legislature (立 法 部 门 ）lCongressl（ 国 会 ） the Senate (参 议 院 ）the House of Representatives （ 众议 院 ）Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government. 2021/6/7 4 The Senate （ 参 议 院 ）l The Senate has 100 voting members ,two from each of the 50 states.l Requirements: 1.A Senator must be over 30 years old . 2.A resident (居 民 )in the state which they represent. 3.A Senator must have been a U.S. citizen for at least nine years. 2021/6/7 5 The House of Representatives（ 众 议 院 ）lIt has 435 voting members plus a non-voting representative from Puerto Rico(波 多 黎 各 ） ， Guma(关 岛 ) and the District of Columbia respectively.l Requirements:1.Must be at least 25 years old.2.Must have been U.S. citizens for no less than seven years. 2021/6/7 6 The Executive （ 行 政 部 门 ）The executive branch consists of 14 departments and many independent agencies.1.The department heads called : secretaries (秘 书 处 ） .2.Who is the chief of the executive branch? Key: the President 2021/6/7 7 The PresidentThe President really has enormous power.1.The President has power to manage national affairs and the working of federal government.2.The President controls American foreign policy.Q: Who is the official spokesperson for U.S. foreign policy ? Key: the Secretary of State（ 国 务 卿 ）3.The President also holds significant influence in law-making.4.The President can also influence the decision of federal courts. 2021/6/7 8 Question: Are the Presidents powers unlimited ? Answer : NOuHe must ask Congress for every dollar his administration spends.u He has to report to Congress on his military(军 事的 ） actions abroad for approval.uHis nomination of (提 名 、 任 选 ) officials and his foreign treaties must be confirmed by the Senate.uIf he abuses his power or commits a crime , he may be impeached (弹 劾 ） by Congress. 2021/6/7 9 The Judiciary（ 司 法 部 门 ） The judiciary branch of the federal government consists of : 1. A series of courts 2. The Supreme Court 3. The courts of appeals 4. The district courts. 2021/6/7 10 The Supreme Court （ 最 高 法 院 ） It now has one Chief Justice and eight Associate（ 副 的 ） Justices.The major powers of the Supreme Court are as follow: To interpret laws . To hear appeals from any federal courts cases. To hear appeals from state court cases that involve the Constitution or national laws. May declare a law unconstitutionala)May declare a presidential act unconstitutional. 2021/6/7 11 2021/6/7 12 Department of Defense （ 国 防 部 ） 2021/6/7 13 Thank You! 部 分 资 料 从 网 络 收 集 整理 而 来 ， 供 大 家 参 考 ，感 谢 您 的 关 注 ！