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外研版英语八年级上册Module 4 Planes, ships and trainsUnit 1He lives the farthest from school一、 重点单词：1、accident There was a road accident, and the traffic was very heavy.2、crowded But its so crowded!二、 Language Points：1、What happened? 怎么了？出什么事了？ = Whats wrong? / Whats the matter? (1)sth +happened +地点/时间状语：表示某地或某时发生了某事。 The story happened in 2012.(2)sth+happened+to sb: 表示某人出了某事 A car accident happened to her this morning.(3)sb+happen(s)/happened+to do sth表示某人碰巧做某事。I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.2. But nobody was late, except me.但是没有人迟到，除了我。I was late for school today. Be late for迟到（1）except “除之外”，后面可接名词、代词、v.-ing形式、副词、介词短语和从句等。Eg. We have an English lesson every day except Sunday. 除星期天外，我们每天有一堂英语课。（星期天不上）（2）besides “除外, 另外还有”, 着重“另外还有”。Eg. Besides English, he has to study German. 除了英语, 他还要学德语。 （学英语）Eg: We went to the football match except Tom. We went to the football match besides Tom.2. Maybe I should go to school by taxi. 或许我应该乘出租车上学。（1）maybe “或许；可能”， 副词，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。 Eg. Maybe shell come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。 辨 析：may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是、可能是”。 Eg. He may be a soldier. 他可能是名军人。Maybe he is at school. =He may be at school（2）by taxi “乘坐出租车” by+交通工具 “乘， 坐”。注意：表示交通工具的名词前不能有冠词表达交通方式（1）骑自行车 ride a bike to = go toby bike/on a bike（2）乘公共汽车 go to by bus/on a bus = take/catch a bus （3）坐汽车 drive a car to = go toby car/in a car（4）乘火车 go to by train/on a train =take /catch a train （5）乘轮船 by ship /sea（6）乘飞机 fly to=go toby plane/air/on a plane（7）乘渡轮 by ferry=take the ferry（8） 乘地铁 take the underground = go to . by subway 询问某人做某事的方式时候，可以用How does sb. dosth.? How do you go to school everyday? I go to school by bike.3. How does Tony go to school? 托尼怎么去上学？ how是疑问副词，意为“如何、怎样”，用来询问交通方式4. He lives the farthest from school, so he takes the underground. 他住的离学校最远，所以他乘坐地铁。 far adv. 远，遥远 adj. 远的，遥远的Our school is not far from here. 我们学校离这不远。far away 遥远，远离far away from 离远how far多远（对距离进行提问）eg: How far is it from your home to school? Its about five miles away from your home to school.close to 离近 Mr.Smith lives close to the town.Her home is the closest to school, so she walks.Eg. My home is far from school. 我家离学校很远。 The school is close to my home. 学校离我家很近。 5. Theres so much traffic. so much修饰不可数名词 so many 修饰可数名词6.Then what about going by bike ? And what about Lingling?what about+名词ving=how about 用于提出建议7.He goes by bus too, the same as me.The same as“和一样”，其反义短语为be different from“与不同”The twins look the same as each other.8. You can ride your bike to school, but remember to be careful all the time. (1)You can ride your bike to school= You can go to school by bikeon your bike. (2) remember to do sth.remember doing sth.(3) all the time 一直 总是练 习I. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Tony lives _ ( far) from school in his class.2. Going by bus is the _ ( good) way to get to school.3. I think going by bike is _ (dangerous) way of all.4. Daming has the _ (fast) journey by bicycle. 完成句子 1.他住得离邮局最远。He lives _ _ _ the post office.2. 这是到校的最好方式。 Its _ _ _ to get to school.3.我住得离学校最近。I live _ _ _ school.III、 句型转换1.He sometimes takes the train to go to Beijing (改为同义句） He sometimes goes to Beijing _ _.2. He often walks to school.（改为同义句）He often goes to school _ _.3. Dad always goes to work by car.（对画线部分提问）_ _ dad always go to work? Unit 2 What is the best way to travel?一、Important points1. I am planning to travel from London to Amsterdam.我打算从伦敦到阿姆斯特丹旅行。1) plan to do sth意为“计划/打算做某事“。He doesnt plan to go to Beijing on vacation.Im planning to buy a new piano for my son.2）make a plan for意为“为制定计划“They made a new plan for the use of the time.他们制定了利用时间的新计划。2. How long does the journey take, and what is the best way to travel ? 这次旅行花费了多长时间？旅行的最好方式是什么？ (1) take 是动词，表示“花费或需要用一定的时间”。 It takes sb. some time to do sth. “做某事花费某人时间” Eg. It takes her an hour to finish the work. 完成这项工作花费了她一个小时的时间。It took him two years to draw the picture.The journey to the airport takes about half an hour.到机场大约要话费半个小时。(2) the best way to travel “最好的旅行方式”。 way “方式；方法” (3)How long“多长时间”用来对时间段进行提问，多用于现在完成时。答语：for+时间 / since +短语Eg: How long have you known him? 你认识他多久了？ For five years. 五年了。How often“多久一次，多长时间一次”，对频率进行提问。答语：usually, sometimes, never, once a week, twice a month.Eg: How often do you visit your grandmother? Once a week.How soon“再过多久，还要多久”，对将来的时间段就行提问，多用于将来时。答语：in + 时间段Eg: How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来？ In an hour.3.Could you please tell me about the trains or ships to get there ? （1）Could you please请你干好吗，后加动词原形；是一种委婉客气的表达方式；相当于would you please Could you please give a hand？（2）tell sb. about sth.Id like to tell you about my family.4. The more information, the better.信息越多越好。the + 比较级+(主语+谓语)，the+比较级+(主语+谓语) “越来越” The harder you work，the more you will get.5. A journey by train is more relaxing than by coach, but a lot more expensive. 乘火旅行比乘坐长途汽车更加令人放松，但也更贵一些。（1）修饰比较级词语：much, a lot,far(的多) a little, a bit（有点 稍微） still, even（更） Eg: I am a little taller than you. 我比你高点。（2）修饰原级的词语：very, pretty, quite, a bit6.You can go by car and by ship across the North Sea.(1)across穿过（侧重于从物体表面穿过，从一边到另一边）The students are walking across the streetroadbridge.He swam across the riversea.(2)through穿过（侧重于从物体内部穿过） Go through a doorwindowholecityvillagetunnelcloudsforest.7. However, it will not cost as much as going by train. 然而，它花费将不如乘坐火车多。 And it takes you about twelve hours to get there.(1) (however adv. “然而，不过”表示转折关系，语气比but弱，however 逗号后面的句子 But conj. 但是是并列连词，表示转折关系，语气比较强烈(2)cost 的用法动词 “花费” The book cost me 10 yuan.(2) 名词 “价格” The cost of the book is 10 yuan. 辨析： take, spend, cost, pay Cost 主语是物，一般有两个宾语，不用于被动语态。Spend主语是人，宾语是时间、精力、金钱等，与介词on或in搭配。Pay“支付，付款”，主语是人，常与介词for 连用。take主语常是it,也可以是物。It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. It took me an hour to go shopping.购物花了我一个小时。It took them three years to build this road.他们花了3年时间修这条路。 sb. spend 钱或时间 on sth. I spent $ 5 on the shirt. I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 sb. spend钱或时间 (in) doing sth. I spent $ 5 (in) buying the shirt.sth. cost 钱. sth. cost sb. 钱.(主语是物) The shirt costs $ 5. The shirt cost me $ 5. A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花很多钱。sb.pay (钱)for sth. I paid $ 5 for the shirt. I paid for the shirt. He paid a lot of money for the house.他买这所房子花了很多钱。(3) as much as going asas+代词、名词、ving8. It is the fastest and the second cheapest , but you may have to wait for hours at the airport because of bad weather. （1）the second cheapest the+序数词+最高级 第几最 Huang River is the second longest river in China. He is the third tallest boy in his class.（2）have to do sth. 不得不干；必须干 His mother is ill，he has to stay at school.（3）because of +名词代词ving9.Well , I hope this helps! Have a great trip!hope to do sth He hopes to go to Beijing one day.hope+从句 Everyone hopes he has a good future.练习1. I walk to school, too. (改为同义句) I walk to school _ _. 2. They go to work by bike.（对画线部分提问） _ do they go to work? 3.The cheapest way to get to Paris is by plane. （同上） _ _ the cheapest way to get to Paris?4. It takes me 2 hours to travel to Beijing by train. （同上）_ _ does it take you to travel to Beijing by train?
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