人教版英语八年级下册单词 短语 语法

人教版英语八年级下册Unit 1Whats the matter?重点单词mattern. 问题；事情stomachachen. 胃痛；腹痛footn. 脚；足neckn. 颈；脖子stomachn. 胃；腹部throatn. 咽喉；喉咙fevern. 发烧liev. （lay）躺；平躺rest v. & n. 放松；休息coughn. & v. 咳嗽X-rayn. X射线；X光toothachen. 牙痛headachen. 头痛breakn. 间歇；休息hurtv. （hurt）（使）疼痛；受伤passengern. 乘客；旅客offadv. & prep. 离开（某处）；不工作；从去掉ontoprep. 向；朝troublen. 问题；苦恼hitv. （hit）（用手或器具）击；打herselfpron. （she的反身代词）她自己sickadj. 生病的；有病的kneen. 膝；膝盖ourselvespron. （we的反身代词）我们自己climbern. 登山者；攀登者riskn. & v. 危险；风险；冒险situationn. 情况；状况kilo（=kilogram）n. 千克；公斤rockn. 岩石knifen. （pl. knives）刀bloodn. 血meanv. （meant）意思是；打算；意欲importancen. 重要性；重要decisionn. 决定；抉择controln. & v. 限制；约束；管理spiritn. 勇气；意志deathn. 死；死亡nursen. 护士重点短语1. Whats the matter? 怎么了？出什么事了？2. have a cold 感冒3. have a stomachache 胃痛4. lie down 躺下5. take ones temperature 量体温6. have a fever 发烧7. take breaks(take a break） 休息8. get off 下车9. to ones surprise 使惊讶的；出乎意料10. right away 立即；马上11. get into 陷入；参与12. be used to 习惯于；适应于13. take risks(take a risk) 冒险14. run out (of) 用尽；耗尽15. cut off 切除16. get out of 离开；从出来17. be in control of 掌管；管理18. give up 放弃重点句型1. Whats the matter?I have a stomachache.2. Whats the matter with Ben?He hurt himself. He has a sore back.3. Do you have a fever?Yes, I do. / No, I dont./I dont know.4. Does he have a toothache?Yes, he does.5. What should she do?She should take her temperature.6. Should I put some medicine on it?Yes, you should. / No, you shouldnt.7. You shouldnt eat so much next time.He should lie down and rest.He should see a dentist and get X-ray.重点语法1. have在涉及健康问题的句子中的应用。2. 情态动词should和shouldnt表“建议”、“提议”或“请求”等。3. 反身代词。4. see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在从事某事或正处于某种状态”5. thanks to sb./sth.表示“多亏；因为；由于”。Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks.重点单词cheerv. 欢呼；喝彩volunteerv. 义务做；自愿做n. 志愿者signn. 标志；信号noticen. 通知；公告；注意v. 注意到；意识到lonelyadj. 孤独的；寂寞的severalpron. 几个；数个；一些strongadj. 强烈的；强壮的feelingn. 感觉；感触satisfactionn. 满足；满意joyn. 高兴；愉快ownern. 物主；主人journeyn. （尤指长途）旅行；行程raisev. 募集；征集aloneadv. 独自；单独repairv. 修理；修补fixv. 修理；安装brokenadj. 破损的；残缺的wheeln. 车轮；轮子lettern. 信；函Missn. 女士；小姐disabledadj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的blindadj. 瞎的；失明的deafadj. 聋的imaginev. 想象；设想difficultyn. 困难；难题openv. 开；打开doorn. 门carryv. 拿；提；扛trainv. 训练；培训excitedadj. 激动的；兴奋的trainingn. 训练；培训kindnessn. 仁慈；善良cleveradj. 聪明的；聪颖的understandv. 理解；领会change v. & n. 变化；改变interestn. 兴趣；关注v. 使感兴趣；使关注sirn. 先生（用于正式信函中对不知名的男性收信人的称呼时，写为Sir）madamn. 夫人；女士（用于正式信函中对不知名的女性收信人的称呼时，写为Madam）重点短语1. clean up 打扫（清除）干净2. cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来3. give out 分发；散发4. come up with 想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）5. put off 推迟6. hand out 分发7. call up 打电话给（某人）；征召8. used to 曾经；过去9. care for 照顾；非常喜欢10. try out 参加选拔；试用11. fix up 修理；装饰12. give away 赠送；捐赠13. take after （外貌或行为）像14. set up 建起；设立15. make a difference 影响；有作用重点句型1. Id like to help homeless people.She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.2. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.3. She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.Im making some signs to put up around the school.重点语法1. 动词不定式作宾语；状语和宾语补足语。2. 情态动词could表建议的用法。3. 动词短语。Unit 3Could you please clean your room?重点单词rubbishn. 垃圾；废弃物foldv. 折叠；对折sweepv. （swept）扫；打扫floorn. 地板messn. 杂乱；不整洁throwv. 扔；掷neitheradv. 也不shirtn. 衬衫passv. 给；递；走过；通过borrowv. 借；借用lendv. 借给；借出fingern. 手指hatev. 厌恶；讨厌whileconj. 与同时；当的时候；而；然而stressn. 精神压力；心理负担wasten. 浪费；垃圾v. 浪费；滥用providev. 提供；供应anywayadv. 而且；加之dependv. 依靠；信赖developv. 发展；壮大fairnessn. 公正性；合理性sinceconj. 因为；既然prep., conj. & adv. 从以后；自以来neighborn. 邻居illadj. 有病；不舒服dropv. 落下；掉下fairadj. 合理的；公正的unfairadj. 不合理的；不公正的重点短语1. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾2. all the time 频繁；反复3. as soon as 一就；尽快4. in order to 目的是；为了5. depend on 依靠；信赖6. take care of 照顾；处理重点句型1. Could I go out for dinner with my friends?Sure, that should be OK.2. Could we get something to drink after the movie?No, you cant. You have a basketball game tomorrow.3. Could you please take the dog for a walk?OK, but I want to watch one show first.4. Could you please take out the rubbish?Yes, sure.重点语法1. Could表礼貌的请求或者请求允许。Unit 4Why dont you talk to your parents?重点单词allowv. 允许；准许wrongadj. 有毛病；错误的guessv. 猜测；估计dealn. 协议；交易relationn. 关系；联系；交往communicationn. 交流；沟通arguev. 争吵；争论cloudn. 云；云朵elderadj. 年纪较长的insteadadv. 代替；反而；却whateverpron. 任何；每一nervousadj. 焦虑的；担忧的offerv. 主动提出；自愿给予properadj. 正确的；恰当的secondlyadv. 第二；其次communicatev. 交流；沟通explainv. 解释；说明clearadj. 清楚易懂的；晴朗的copyv. 抄袭；模仿；复制；复印returnv. 归还；回来；返回anymoreadv. （常用于否定句和疑问句末）再也（不）；（不）再membern. 成员；分子pressuren. 压力competev. 竞争；对抗opinionn. 意见；想法；看法skilln. 技艺；技巧typicaladj. 典型的footballn. （美式）橄榄球；足球quickadj. 快的；迅速的；时间短暂的continuev. 持续；继续存在comparev. 比较crazyadj. 不理智的；疯狂的pushv. 鞭策；督促；推动developmentn. 发展；发育；成长causev. 造成；引起usualadj. 通常的；寻常的perhapsadv. 可能；大概；也许重点短语1. Whats wrong? 哪儿不舒服？2. look through快速查看；浏览3. big deal 重要的事4. work out 成功地发展；解决5. get on with 和睦相处；关系良好6. cut out 删除；删去7. comparewith 比较；对比8. in ones opinion 依看重点句型1. You look tired. Whats the matter?I studied until midnight last night so I didnt get enough sleep.2. What should I do?Why dont you forget about it? Although shes wrong, its not a big deal.3. What should he do?He should talk to his friend so that he can say hes sorry.4. Maybe you could go to his house.I guess I could, but I dont want to surprise him.重点语法1. Why dont you ? 给出建议。2. 连词until, so that 和although引导的状语从句。Unit 5What were you doing when the rainstorm came?重点单词alarmn. 闹钟beginv. 开始heavilyadv. 在很大程度上；大量地suddenlyadv. 突然；忽然strangeadj. 奇特的；奇怪的stormn. 暴风雨windn. 风lightn. 光；光线；光亮reportv. & n. 报道；公布arean. 地域；地区woodn. 木；木头windown. 窗；窗户matchn. 火柴beatv. 敲打；打败againstprep. 倚；碰；撞asleepadj. 睡着risev. & n. 升起；增加；提高fallenadj. 倒下的；落下的apartadv. 分离；分开icyadj. 覆盖着冰的；冰冷的kidv. 开玩笑；欺骗realizev. 理解；领会；认识到passagen. 章节；段落pupiln. 学生completelyadv. 彻底地；完全地shockedadj. 惊愕的；受震惊的silencen. 沉默；缄默；无声recentlyadv. 不久前；最近daten. 日期；日子towern. 塔；塔楼truthn. 实情；事实重点短语1. go off （闹钟）发出响声2. pick up（=pick up the phone) 接电话3. fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失5. have a look 看一看6. make ones way 前往；费力地前进7. in silence 沉默；无声8. take down 拆除；往下拽；记录9. at first 首先；最初重点句型1. What were you doing at eight last night?I was taking a shower.2. What was she doing at the time of the rainstorm?She was doing her homework.3. What was he doing when the rainstorm came?He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came.4. What was Ben doing when it began to rain heavily?When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.5. What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.重点语法1. make sure 意为“确认；查明；核实；确保；设法保证”，其后可接句子，或接借此of及宾语，用于引入需要确认的内容。2. remember（someone）doing something固定搭配，意为“记得（某人）曾经做过某事”。3. 连词when和while引导的状语从句。4. 过去进行时。过去进行时由“was/were +动词-ing”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特征的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语来表示。Unit 6An old man tried to move the mountains.重点单词shootv. 射击；发射stonen. 石头weakadj. 虚弱的；无力的godn. 神；上帝remindv. 提醒；使想起bitn. 一点；小块sillyadj. 愚蠢的；不明事理的objectn. 物体；物品hidev. 隐藏；隐蔽tailn. 尾巴magicadj. 有魔力的；有神器力量的stickn. 棍；条excitev. 使激动；使兴奋Westernadj. 西方国家的；（尤指）欧美的；西方的（w可以小写）fitv. 适合；合身couplen. （尤指）夫妻；两人；两件事物smilev. & n. 笑；微笑marryv. 结婚goldn. 金子；金币adj. 金色的silkn. 丝绸；丝织物nobodypron. 没有人n. 小人物stupidadj. 愚蠢的cheatv. 欺骗；蒙骗n. 骗子wifen. 妻子；太太husbandn. 丈夫wholeadj. 全部的；整体的shinev. （shone）发光；照耀brightadv. 光亮地；明亮地adj. 明亮的；光线充足的groundn. 地；地面leadv. （led）带路；领路voicen. 声音braveadj. 勇敢的；无畏的重点短语1. a little bit 有点儿；稍微2. instead of 代替；反而3. turninto 变成4. once upon a time从前5. fall in love 爱上；喜欢上6. get married 结婚重点句型1. How does the story begin?Once upon a time, there was a very old man2. What happened next?As soon as the man finished talking, As soon as the man finished talking, Yu Gong said that his family could continue to move the mountains after he died.3. Why was Yu Gong trying to move the mountains?Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.4. Who is the Money King?He is the main character in Journey to the west.5. What cant the Monkey King do?He cannot turn himself into a person unless he can hide his tail.重点语法1. 连词unless, as soon as和sothat引导的状语从句。Unit 7Whats the highest mountain in the world?重点单词squaren. 平方；正方形meter(=metre)n. 米；公尺deepadj. 深的；纵深的desertn. 沙漠populationn. 人口；人口数量Asian. 亚洲tourn. & v. 旅行；旅游touristn. 旅行者；观光者walln. 墙ancientadj. 古代的；古老的protectv. 保护；防护wideadj. 宽的；宽阔的achievementn. 成就；成绩thickadj. 厚的；浓的includev. 包括；包含conditionn. 条件；状况succeedv. 实现目标；成功achievev. 达到；完成；成功forcen. 力；力量naturen. 自然界；大自然oceann. 大海；海洋weighv. 重量是；称的重量birthn. 出生；诞生adultadj. 成年的；成人的n. 成人；成年动物bamboon. 竹子researchn. & v. 研究；调查（用作名词时，重音可放在第一个音节）keepern. 饲养员；保管人awakeadj. 醒着excitementn. 激动；兴奋illnessn. 疾病；病remainingadj. 遗留的；剩余的wildadj. 野生的governmentn. 政府；内阁oiln. 油；食用油；石油protectionn. 保护；保卫hugeadj. 巨大的；极多的重点短语1. feel free （可以）随便（做某事）2. as far as I know 就我所知3. up to 到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有；不多于4. take in 吸入；吞入（体内）5. in the face of 面对（问题、困难等）6. even though（=even if） 即使；虽然7. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋8. at birth 出生时9. walk into 走路时撞到10. fall over 绊倒11. or so 大约重点句型1. Whats the highest mountain in the world?Qomolangma.2. How high is Qomolangma?Its 8,844.43 meters high. Its higher than any other mountain.3. Which is the deepest salt lake in the world?The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.4. Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world?Yes, I did. Its much older than the US.重点语法1. 长串数字的写法和读法。2. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。UNIT 8Have you read Treasure Island yet?重点单词treasuren. 财宝；财富islandn. 岛pagen. （书刊或纸张的）页，面，张hurryv. 匆忙；赶快shipn. 船tooln. 工具gunn. 枪；炮markn. 迹象；记号；分数v. 做记号；打分sandn. 沙滩；沙towardsprep. 朝；向；对着landn. 陆地；大地fictionn. 小说technologyn. 科技；工艺Frenchn. 法语popn. 流行音乐；流行乐曲rockn. 摇滚乐foreveradv. 永远abroadadv. 在国外；到国外fann. 迷；狂热爱好者southernadj. 南方的modernadj. 现代的；当代的successn. 成功belongv. 属于；归属laughtern. 笑；笑声beautyn. 美；美丽recordn. 唱片；记录v. 录制；录（音）introducev. 介绍；引见linen. 行；排重点短语1. full of 满是的；（有）大量的；（有）丰富的2. hurry up 赶快；急忙（做某事）3. science fiction 科幻小说（或影片等）4. country music（也作country）乡村音乐5. ever since 自从6. one another 互相重点句型1. Have you read Little Women yet?Yes, I have./No, I havent.2. Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?Yes, she has. She thinks its fantastic.3. Have you decided which book to write about yet?Yes, I have. Ive already finished reading it. It was really good.重点语法1. 现在完成时（already, yet）Unit 9Have you ever been to a museum?重点单词cameran. 照相机；摄影机；摄像机unbelievableadj. 难以置信的；不真实的progressv. & n. 进步；进展rapidadj. 迅速的；快速的unusualadj. 特别的；不寻常的toiletn. 坐便器；厕所encouragev. 鼓励socialadj. 社会的peacefuladj. 和平的；安宁的perfectadj. 完美的；完全的itselfpron. （it的反身代词）它自己collectv. 收集；采集Germanadj. 德国的；德语的；德国人的n. 德语；德国人riden. 供乘骑的游乐设施；短途旅程provincen. 省份thousandnum. 一千safeadj. 安全的；无危害的simplyadv. 仅仅；只；不过fearv. & n. 害怕；惧怕whetherconj. 不管（还是）；或者（或者）；是否Indianadj. 印度的n. 印度人Japaneseadj. 日本的；日本人的；日语的n. 日本人；日语foxn. 狐狸wheneverconj. 在任何时候；无论何时springn. 春天mostlyadv. 主要地；通常重点短语1. amusement park 游乐场2. tea art 茶艺3. tea set 茶具4. a couple of 两个；一对；几个5. thousands of 数以千计的；许许多多的6. on the one handon the other hand 一方面另一方面7. all year round 全年重点句型1. Have you ever been to a science museum?Yes, Ive been to a science museum. /No, Ive been to a science museum.2. Have you ever visited the space museum?Yes, I have. I went there last year. / No, I havent.3. Ive been to the art museum many times.Me, too. And Ive also visited the nature museum.4. Ive never been to a water park.Me neither.重点语法1. 现在完成时（been，ever，never）Unit 10Ive had this bike for three years.重点单词yardn. 院子sweetadj. 甜蜜的；甜的；含糖的memoryn. 记忆；回忆centn. 分；分币toyn. 玩具bearn. 熊makern. 生产者；制订者scarfn. 围巾；披巾；头巾softadj. 软的；柔软的check v. & n. 检查；审查boardn. 板；木板junioradj. 地位（或职位、级别）低下的clearv. 清理；清除bedroomn. 卧室ownv. 拥有；有railwayn. 铁路；铁道partv. 离开；分开certainadj. 某种；某事；某人honestadj. 诚实的；老实的whilen. 一段时间；一会儿truthfuladj. 诚实的；真实的hometownn. 家乡；故乡nowadaysadv. 现今；现在；目前searchv. & n. 搜索；搜查amongprep. 在（其）中；之一crayonn. 彩色铅笔（或粉笔、蜡笔）shamen. 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧regardv. 将认为；把视为countv. 数数centuryn. 世纪；百年oppositeprep. 与相对；在对面adj. 对面的；另一边的especiallyadv. 尤其；特别；格外childhoodn. 童年；幼年considerv. 注视；仔细考虑holdv. （held，held）拥有；抓住重点短语1. yard sale 庭院拍卖会2. bread maker 面包机3. part with 放弃、交出（尤指舍不得的东西）4. soft toy 软体玩具；布绒玩具5. check out 察看；观察6. board game 棋类游戏7. junior high school 初级中学8. clear out 清理；丢掉9. no longer 不再；不复10. as for 至于；关于11. to be honest 说实在的12. according to 依据；按照13. close to 几乎；接近重点句型1. How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had it for three years.2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set?Hes owned it since his fourth birthday.3. Have you ever played football?Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now.重点语法1. 现在完成时（since，for）