AMC词汇 英文数学术语

代数部分1.基础add，plus加subtract减difference差multiply times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数 divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radical sign,root sign根号round to四舍五入to the nearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集 solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式 triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程 等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子 denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenths unit 十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数 digit数字constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值，e.g.-32=32round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer奇整数,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number,rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15 reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15ordinary scale,decimal scale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列 geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数direct proportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似 parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplementary angles补角complementary angle余角 adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形 polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段 parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体 cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cross section横截面center of acircle 圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径 edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边median of a triangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数)opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标 Number line数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8.其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切 intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的其它相关词汇cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel 5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打(12个)score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)square measure平方单位制cubic meter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)AMC词汇(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向(least)common denominator(最小)公分母(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子abscissa横坐标absolute value绝对值，e.g.-32=32acute angle锐角add，plus加algebraic term代数项alternate angle内错角altitude高angle bisector角平分线approximate近似arc弧arithmetic mean算术平均值arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列 geometric progression(sequence)等比数列arm直角三角形的股base乘幂的底数,底边base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数)bisect平分cardinal基数center of acircle 圆心Centigrade摄氏central angle圆心角cent美分chord弦circular cylinder圆柱体 cone圆锥circumference,perimeter周长circumscribe外切combination组合common divisor公约数common factor公因子common logarithm常用对数 digit数字common ratio公比complementary angle余角 adjacent angle邻角complementary function余函数complex fraction繁分数complex plane复平面composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15 reciprocal倒数concentric circles同心圆congruent全等的consecutive number连续整数constant常数coordinate system坐标系corresponding angle同位角cross section横截面cube root立方根cube立方数，立方体cube立方体，立方数cubic meter立方米decagon十边形 polygon多边形decimal fraction纯小数depth深度diagonal对角线diameter直径 edge棱difference差dime一角硬币direct proportion正比distinct不同的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数 divisor因子，除数divide除divisible可被整除的dozen打(12个)endpoint端点equilateral triangle等边三角形equilateral等边形equivalent equation同解方程 等价方程estimation估计，近似 parentheses括号even integer,even number偶数exponent指数，幂exterior angle外角face of a solid立体的面factorial阶乘factorization因式分解Fahrenheit华氏foot英尺gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码geometric mean几何平均数heptagon七边形hexagon六边形hypotenuse斜边improper fraction假分数inch英寸included angle夹角included side夹边inequality不等式 triangle inequality三角不等式infinite decimal无穷小数inscribed triangle内接三角形inscribe内切 intersect相交integer,whole number整数intercept截距interior angle内角inverse function反函数inverse倒数irrational(number)无理数isosceles triangle等腰三角形leg三角形的直角边like terms,similar terms同类项line segment线段 parallel lines平行线line,straight line直线linear equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)linear一次的，线性的literal coefficient字母系数median of a triangle三角形的中线median中数meter米micron微米midpoint中点minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)mixed number带分数mode众数multilateral多边的multiple倍数multiply times乘natural number自然数negative number负数negative whole number负整数nickel 5美分硬币nonagon九边形nonnegative非负的numerator分子 denominator分母numerical coefficient数字系数oblique斜三角形obtuse angle钝角octagon八边形odd integer奇整数,odd number奇数opposite直角三角形中的对边ordinal序数ordinary scale,decimal scale十进制ordinate纵坐标 Number line数轴original equation原方程origin原点parallelogram平行四边形penny一美分硬币pentagon五边形permutation排列perpendicular垂直pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)plane geometry平面几何plane平面positive number正数positive whole number正整数power乘方prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15product积proper fraction真分数proper subset真子集 solution set解集proportion比例Pythagorean theorem勾股定理quadrant象限quadrilateral四边形quarter四分之一quart夸脱quotient商radian弧度radical sign,root sign根号radius半径range值域real number,rational number实数,有理数rectangle长方形rectangular coordinate直角坐标系rectangular solid长方体recurring decimal循环小数regular polygon正多边形regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体remainder余数rhombus菱形right angle直角right triangle直角三角形round angle周角round off四舍五入round to四舍五入scalene triangle不等边三角形score廿(20个)segment of a circle弧形semicircle半圆side边长simple fraction简分数slope斜率solid立体的sphere球体square measure平方单位制square root平方根square正方形，平方straight angle平角subtract减supplementary angles补角surface area 表面积table表格tangent切线的tens十位tenths unit 十分位to the nearest四舍五入transversal截线trapezoid梯形trigonometric function三角函数trigonometry三角学union并集units个位unit单位,位variable变量vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点vertical angle对顶角volume体积vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分数weighted average加权平均值