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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,动词的时态和语态,1,动词的第三人称的单数形式、过去式、过去分词,和现在分词的构成。,2,动词的八种时态的基本结构及用法。,3,动词的被动语态的基本结构及用法。,4,动词的主动形式表示被动意义的用法。,中考考点,1,一般现在时的基本结构及用法,(1),结构:当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。,考点一 一般现在时,动词的时态,(2),动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下:,(3),用法:,表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作。常与,seldom,often,usually,always,sometimes,today,every day,once a week,every five minutes,on Sundays,等时间状语连用。,I go to school at seven every day.,我每天七点去上学。,表示普遍真理和客观事实。,The earth goes around the sun.,地球绕着太阳转。,表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。,Here comes the bus.,公共汽车来了。,在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。,Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.,如果明天我妈妈有空的话,我将和她去购物。,2,一般现在时的疑问句、否定句,1,一般过去时的用法及标志词,一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。常与,yesterday,last week,two days ago,in 1988,等过去的时间状语连用。,考点二 一般过去时,2,一般过去时的疑问句和否定句,Did you have any problems on your journey?,你在旅途中有一些困难吗?,Were most people too busy making a living in early times,?在早期,大部分人忙着谋生吗?,Modern soccer didnt become official until 1863.,直到,1863,年现代足球才成为官方运动。,注意,动词过去式的变化规则:,1,一般将来时的构成及基本用法,(1),结构:“助动词,shall/will,动词原形”或“,be going to,动词原形”。,(2),用法:,表示将要发生的动作或状态,常用的时间状语有,later(on),soon,in a month(in,时间段,),next time,from now on,tomorrow,等。,I shall be eighteen years old next year.,明年我就,18,岁了。,表示某种必然的趋势。,Fish will die without water.,没有水,鱼就会死。,考点三 一般将来时,(3),注意:,will,引导的将来时,表示事情没有经过事先考虑而即将发生,,be going to,引导的将来时表示事情经过事先计划、考虑打算而即将发生。,They will arrive here tomorrow morning.,明天早晨他们将抵达这里。,Im going to see a film this afternoon.,今天下午我要去看电影。,2,一般将来时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句,Dont worry.You wont be late.,不用担心,你不会迟到的。,Will you leave for Beijing next week?,下周你要去北京吗?,Who is to clean the classroom today?,今天该谁打扫教室了?,过去将来时的构成及基本用法,(1),结构:“,would,动词原形”或“,was/were,going to,动词原形”。,(2),用法:表示从过去的某一时刻看,将要发生的动作。,His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.,他叔叔说第二年会有个好收成。,考点四 过去将来时,提醒,在由,if,引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句用过去将来时那么,if,从句需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。,If he were here,he would show us how to do it.,如果他在这儿,他就会向我们展示该如何做了。,1,现在进行时的构成及基本用法,(1),结构:,am/is/are,动词的,ing,形式,(2),用法:,表示目前正在发生,(,进行,),的动作,(,不指状态,),,常用的时间状语有,now,at the moment,等。当有,look,listen,起提示作用的词时,后面的句子常用现在进行时。,Are you writing a letter to your friend now?,你现在正在给你朋友写信吗?,Listen!She is singing in the next room.,听!她正在隔壁唱歌。,考点五 现在进行时,表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作。,We are planting trees these days.,这些天我们在植树。,表示位移的动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。此类词有,come,go,leave,arrive,fly,等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。,They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon.,他们明天下午要去英格兰。,2,现在进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句,Mary is listening to music in the next room now.,玛丽现在正在隔壁听音乐。,Jack isnt playing football now.,杰克现在没有在踢足球。,Is Mike playing the piano in the room now?,迈克现在在屋里弹钢琴吗?,现在分词的变化规则:,考点六 过去进行时,1,过去进行时的构成及基本用法,(1),结构:,was/were,v,.ing,(2),用法:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一时间段正在进行的动作。,His father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.,他爸爸骑自行车时摔倒了,弄伤了自己。,(3),常用的时间状语:,this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten,last evening,when,while,等。,What were you doing at ten oclock last night?,你昨晚十点钟在做什么?,They were building a large house last week.,上周他们一直在建造一所大房子。,(,某阶段一直在进行的动作,),2,过去进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句,I wasnt trying to annoy you.,我没想要让你烦恼。,Were you working all weekend?,你整个周末都在工作吗?,1,结构:,have/has,动词的过去分词,(,过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。有些特殊变化动词需单独记忆,),2,用法,(1),表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,常与,just,already,yet,recently,before,ever,never,twice,three times,等时间状语连用。,I _ the film already.,我已经看过这部电影了。,(,现在我知道电影的内容了,),考点七 现在完成时,have,seen,(2),表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“,since,时间点或,since,从句,(,一般过去时,)”,,“,for,时间段”及,how long,(ever)since,ever,before,so far,in the last/past few years,up to now,till now,等时间状语连用。,Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years.,在过去几年中,我们种了成千上万棵树。,So far there _ no bad news.,到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。,has been,(3),一般过去时与现在完成时的区别,一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,因此,若不强调某事对现在的影响就不用现在完成时。,I saw the movie yesterday.,昨天我看了这部电影。,(,强调电影是昨天看的,),I have already seen the film.,我已经看过这部电影了。,(,强调到现在为止看过这部电影了,),(4),延续性动词,在现在完成时中,如果有持续的时间状语,则要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。,I have had the book for two days.,这本书我已经买了两天了。,(,用,had,而不用,bought),I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.,我已经来东京两周了。,(,用,been in,而不用,come to),常见的非延续性动词变延续性动词:,have arrived at/in sp.,have got to/reached sp.,have come/gone/moved to sp.have been in sp.,have becomehave been,have got uphave been up,have died_,have left sp._,have fallen asleep/gone to sleephave been asleep,have finished/ended/completed_,have been dead,have been away from sp.,have been over,have marriedhave been married,have begun_,have borrowed_,have boughthave had,have caught/got a coldhave had a cold,have got to knowhave known,have joined/taken part in the League/the Party/the armyhave been a member of the League/the Party/the army,或,have been in the League/the Party/the army,have been on,have kept,(5)have been to,have gone to,have been in,的区别:,have been to,表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地
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