英语语法-非谓语

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,welcome,非谓语动词 （复习）,NON-FINITE VERBS,类型,年份,题量,不定式,-ing,过去分词,1997,2,1（12题）,1（13题）,1998,2,1（25题）,1（17题）,1999,3,2（14、21题）,1（25题）,2000,2,1（19题）,1（22题）,2001,2,1 (35题),1 (23题),近五年非谓语动词在高考中的复现率,一、形式,主动,被动,一般式,进行式,完成式,一般式,完成式,不定式,动名词、,现在分词,过去分词,二、功能,主,宾,表,定,状,补,不定式,动名词,分词,to do,to be doing,to have done,to be done,to have been done,doing,having done,being done,having been done,done,现在分词与动名词的基本形式你知道吗？,那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加-ing 形式构成，因此又叫动词的-ing 形式,。,V+-ing,千万要注意,V-ing,形式的,规则,:,不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化,。,三、功能比较,（一）不定式、动名词做主语的区别：,1、动名词充当的主语一般表示抽象的、一般的、经常性的行为。,不定式表特定、具体的行为，特别是表将来的或一次性的行为。,2、在某些结构中，做主语的动名词和不定式是特定的，一般不能,随意替换：,1）在句子主语和表语同时使用非限定动词时，两者必须一致，,不能交叉使用。,eg.,Seeing is believing.,To learn is to use.,2)在含有no这一否定词的句子里，一般用动名词作主语，但含,not的句子则用不定式作主语。,eg.It is no good drinking so much.,It is not easy to find a job.,3)“疑问词+不定式“作主语时，不定式不能用动名词替换。,eg.What to do next hasnt been decided.,（二）不定式、动名词作宾语的区别：,1、动名词表示一般的、经常性的行为，不定式表示特定的、具,体的行为。,eg.I like swimming,but I dont like to swim today.,2、一般介词后面不可用不定式作宾语，（except,but除外）,eg.He has no choice but to lie down and sleep.,I hate the kind of person who does nothing but look on.,3,、及物动词后一般可用动名词或不定式作宾语，但,1)advise,consider(考虑),enjoy,escape,excuse,delay,deny,dislike,finish,keep,include,miss,mind,practise,stand(忍受),suggest(建议),risk,imagine,admit,cant help+,doing,2)agree,dare,decide,hope,determine,elect,choose,expect,fail,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,wish+,to do,4、有些及物动词可接动名词和不定式，但意义不同。,remember,forget,regret,stop,go on,try,mean,need,want,require,（三）非谓语动词作表语的区别：,对句子主语表述的特点,时间概念,相当词性,不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词,eg.Our plan is to finish the work at once.,Her job was looking after the pigs.,His report is interesting.,The,cups are broken.,说明其具体内容,说明其具体内容,表示其性质、特征，,与主语有主谓关系,表示其所处的状态，,与主语有动宾关系,多表将来,无时间性，,可与主语换位,表当时,表当时或过去,名 词,名 词,形容词,形容词,（四）非谓语动词作定语的区别：,和中心词的,位置关系,和中心词的,逻辑关系,时间,概念,动名词,现在分词,过去分词,总是位于其后,多位于其前,或前或后,或前或后,多有动宾关系,（vi.+介词）,表示其性能、用途,多有主谓关系,vt.有动宾关系,多表将来,无时间性,表进行中,多表完成,不定式,eg.a meeting to be held tomorrow,a meeting being held now,a meeting held yesterday,a sleeping car,a sleeping boy,a room to live in,a broken cup,（五）分词、不定式作补语的区别,：,与被补述词的逻辑关系,时间概念,不定式,现在分词,过去分词,有主谓关系,有主谓关系,有动宾关系,表已完成；一次性动作,正在进行；延续性动词,已完成，多表状态,注：、keep后只能用分词作宾补，不能用不定式,eg.Im sorry Ive kept you waiting.,2、接不带to的不定式做宾补的动词有：,see,watch,notice,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,have,let make,（六）不定式和分词作状语的区别：,不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果、程度及形容词后状语。,分词作状语表示时间、条件、原因、或伴随方式。,eg.To get there on time I got up very early.,Guided by the Party,he found the right way.,Being very small,computers are widely used.,You are brave enough to raise objections at meeting.,非谓语动词对比练习,Dec.5,2001,1.He wants _ (clean)the house.,2.The house wants _ (clean).,3.He needs _ (repair)his bike.,4.His bike needs _ (repair).,5.He advised _ (make)an experiment.,6.He advised us _ (make)an experiment.,7.They are considering _ (travel)all,over the country.,They are considering how _ (travel),all over the country.,to clean,cleaning,to repair,repairing,making,to make,traveling,to travel,9.Try _ (knock)at the back door if no,one hears you at the front door.,10.He tried _ (escape)but failed.,11.She couldnt help me _ (work)out the,problem.,12.She couldnt help _ (laugh)on,hearing the good news.,13.I meant _ (help)you,but I couldnt.,14.To do such a thing means _ (waste)time.,15.I remember _ (see)him somewhere,before.,16.Please remember _ (close)the door,when you leave.,knocking,to escape,to work,laughing,to help,wasting,seeing,to close,17.I regret _ (miss)the good chance.,18.I regret _ (say)that Im too busy,to help you.,19.The teacher made me _ (answer),the question at once.,20.I was made _ (answer)the question,at once.,21.He suggested _ (go)for a picnic.,22.He suggested that we _(go)for a picnic.,23.Would you like _ (swim)with me?,24.I like _ (swim),but I dont like _,(swim)today.,25.He prefers _ (watch)TV to _ (see),films.,missing,to say,answer,to answer,going,go,to swim,swimming,to swim,watching,seeing,26.He prefers _ (watch)TV than,_ (see)films.,27.When class began,they all stopped _ (talk).,28.When they met in the street,they stopped,_ (talk)for a while.,29.After the rain,we went on _ (work)in,the field.,30.After he had learned English,he went on,_ (learn)German.,31.He used to _ (get)up early when he was,in the army.,32.He is used to _ (work)with the radio on.,33.Computers are used _ (teach)English,in our school now.,to watch,see,talking,to talk,working,to learn,get,working,to teach,34.Everybody was _ (surprise)at the,_ (surprise)news.,35.There was a _ (frighten)look on his face,when he heard the _ (frighten)noise.,36.What you said was _ (please)to us.,37.We are much _ (please)with what you,have said.,38.China is a _ (develop)country while,the U.S.A.is a _ (develop)one.,39.We swept the _ (fall)leaves in spite of,the _ (fall)rain.,40._ (see)from the top of the mountain,Wuzhou looks more beautiful.,surprised,surprising,frightened,frightening,pleasing,pleased,developing,developed,fallen,falling,Seen,_ (,see)the policeman com