资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词,ing,形式的用法,1. ing,分词的构成,主动形式,被动形式,一般式,doing,being done,完成式,having done,having been done,否定式,: not+ -ing/not having(been) done,不是,having not (been) done,2.,一般式和完成式的用法,-ing,分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示,的动作,同时,进行的一个动作；完成式表示,先于,谓语动词动作之前的一个动作。如：,Walking,along the street, he caught sight,of an old friend of his.,Not having studied,his lessons very hard,he failed the examinations.,3. -ing,分词的被动式,当,ing,分词与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据,ing,分词动作发生的时间，,ing,分词的被动式分为一般被动式,(being done),和完成被动式,(having been done),如：,The question,being discussed,is very important.,Having been praised,by the teacher, he works even harder.,4. -ing,分词的句法功能,-ing,分词作主语,Learning English,has become a part of his life.,It is no use,trying,to repair the ship. These,holes are much too big.,2) -ing,分词作宾语,以下动词必须跟,-ing,分词作宾语：,admit/,appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy/excuse/finish/image/keep/mind/ miss/postpone/put off/practise/risk/stand/ stop/ suggest,/ give up/cannot help,避免 错过 少延期,avoid miss put off/ postpone,建议 完成 多练习,suggest finish practise,喜欢 想像 禁不住,enjoy imagine cant help,承认 否定 与嫉妒,admit deny envy,逃避 冒险 莫原谅,escape risk excuse,忍受 保持 不介意,stand keep mind,Make them easier for you to remember !,英语中某些及物动词后习惯跟动名词作宾语，这类动词是,：,advise, delay, appreciate, consider, be worth, feel like etc.,to do sth.,doing sth.,forget,remember,regret,mean,go on,stop,try,忘记,去做,某事,忘记,已经做过,某事,记住,去做,某事,记住,曾做过,某事,遗憾,去做,某事,后悔,做过,某事,打算,/,想做某事,意味着做某事,（做完某事）接着去做另一件事,继续做同一件事,努力去做某事,试着做某事,停下来去做另一件事,停止做一件事,3,）,-ing,分词作表语。如：,Our job is,playing,all kinds of music.,The music they are playing sounds so,exciting,.,注：一般来讲，,-ing,分词作表语有两种情况，,一是名词性，这时主语和表语可以互换。即：,Playing all kinds of music is our job.,二是形容词性，表示主语的性质和特征，,主表不可互换。,4,）,-ing,分词作定语可以表示,(1),所修饰名词的用途。如：,a waiting room(=a room for waiting),候车室,a walking stick(=a stick for walking),手杖,a sleeping car (= a car for sleeping),卧车,（,2,）所修饰词的性质特征。如：,exciting news,令人激动的消息,a moving story,一个令人感动的故事,注：分词短语作定语须放在所修饰词之后，,例如,：,the man,standing at the gate=,the man,who is standing at the gate,另外，,-ing,分词的完成式不能作定语。例如,不可以说：,The man,having written,many,books is a former student of our school.,应改为,The man,who has written,many books is,(3),所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语,从句形式。如：,a sleeping child (=a child who is sleeping),正睡觉的孩子,a walking man (= a man who is walking),正散步的男人,5),在,see,hear,feel,watch,notice,等感官动词后可以用,-ing,形式做宾语补足语。这时,-ing,形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且,-ing,形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：,He saw a boy,climbing,the tree.,Do you hear someone,knocking,at the door?,有人敲门你听见了吗,?,区别,see sb. doing sth,是指”,看见某人正在做某事”，不是全过程，表正在进行,see sb. do sth,是指”,看见某人做过某事”是看着事情的发生全过程， 是看见某人做某事,例句,I saw her clean the classroom.,是说我看到她打扫教室了。（强调做过这件事）,I saw her cleaning the classroom.,我看到她正在扫打教室（强调正在做某事）,6)-ing,分词作状语,(1)-ing,分词在句中可以作,伴随状语,，常放于句后，表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作主要陪衬。如：,They sat in front of the building,laughing and chatting,.,He worked late yesterday,preparing,for the lecture.,(2)-ing,分词可以作,时间状语,，常放在句首，如：,(When),Walking,in the street,I caught sight of a tailors shop.,(3)-ing,分词可以作,原因状语,，常放句首。,如：,Being ill, he cant go to school.,Not knowing,her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.,Having lived,in the city for many years, he knows it very well.,(After ),Finishing,my work, I went out.,Having told,us a funny story, the teacher went on,to explain the text to us,(4)-ing,分词可以作,条件状语,，常放句首。,Turning to the right, youll find the post office there.,(5)-ing,分词可以作,结果状语,，常放句末。,He turned off the light,seeing nothing,.,5. -ing,分词的复合结构,物主代词,/,人称代词,/,名词所属格或普通名词,+ing,分词,(1),作主语（须用,物主代词,或,名词所属格,）,His/Toms,not being chosen,made us disappointed,.,(2),作宾语,(,除了物主代词和名词所有格，也可用,普通名词或代词宾格,）,He was awakened by,someones,knocking,at the door,.,They have never,forgiven,us going,there.,We dont,mind,him explaining,it again.,My friend cant,understand,your treating,him,like that.,(3),作状语 （,须用普通名词或主格代词,亦称,独立主格结构,）,Time permitting, well deal with the text.,The boy was playing with a ball,his mother,standing,nearby.,1,）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。,2,）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系或动宾关系。,3,）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。,The test finished, we began our holiday.,= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.,The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.,独立主格结构可在其前加上介词,with/without,。,Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.,The boy was walking, with his father following.,Miss Smith entered the classroom,book in hand.,Miss Smith entered the classroom,with a book in her hand.,在“名词（或代词）,+,介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。,Not far from the school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.,A. its B. whose C. which D. that,【,分析,】,此题很容易误选,B,，汉子你一不小心就会认为它是定语从句，,whose,在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词,owner,。但它却不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。,seat,用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在,seated,前加上助动词,is,，则可以选择,B,。所以选,A,。,(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages.,A. it B. them C.which D. that,(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.,A. it B. them C. which D. that,第,(1),应选,B,，因为句中的,translated,是过去分词若选,C,，则该从句无谓语；,第,(2),应选,C,，该句是典型的定语从句，因为该句修饰的是前面的,novels,，即指物，所以只能用,which,做,of,的宾语,.,请记住定语从句有逗号,不用,that !,(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages.,A. it B. them C. which D. that,【,分析,】,此题与上面的第,(2),题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词,and,，说明这是一个并列句，故应选,B,，则不能选,C,。,There I met several people, two of _ being foreigners.,A. which B. them C. whom D. that,(2) There I met several people, two of _ were foreigners.,A. Which B. whom C. who D. that,(3) There I met several people, and two of _ were foreigners.,A. which B. them C. whom D. that,(4)There _ nothing more to do , Mr.Goodman left for home.,A. Was B. being C. to be D. had being,（独立主格结构）,（非限制性定语从句）,（两个句子）,（独立主格结构）,B,_ more attention, the tree could have grown better,A. Given B.To give,C. Giving D. Having given,2._ a reply, he decided to write again.,A. Not receiving B. Receiving not,C. Not having received D. Having not received,3.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.,A. to prepare B. preparing,C. prepared D was preparing,B,A,C,to prepare,表目的意思上并不错但通常不用逗号隔开,5. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.,A. having added B. to add,C. adding D. added,C,6.“ Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.,A. angrily pointing B. and pointed angrily,C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing,8. The computer center, _ last year, is very,popular among the students in this school.,A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened,9. The first textbooks_ for teaching English as a,foreign language came out in the 16,th,century.,A. having written B. to be written,C. being written D. written,A,D,D,Open,有形容词和动词之分,动词有主被动,还有,close,11. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree ?,A.lay B. lain C. laying D. lying,12. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.,A. followed B. following,C. to be followed D. being followed,13. - Good morning, can I help you ?,- Id like to have this package_ , madam.,A. be weighed B. to be weighed,C. to weigh D. weighed,14. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _.,A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard,D,D,D,B,15. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.,A. playing B. to be playing,C. play D. to play,16. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.,A. to have stolen B. to be stealing,C. to steal D. stealing,A,别人看到时正在玩耍,而非全过程,D,补充完,girl,的定语从句：,who is caught stealing,其中,who is,可以省略 也可以加上。,be caught doing sth,是固定句型。意思是某人被撞者做某事 ，放到句中，就是被抓到偷东西。,17. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.,A. being tied B. having tied,C. to be tied D. tied,19. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.,arriving B,. to arrive,C.having,arrived,D.and,arrived,D,D,20. John was made _ the truck for a week as a,punishment.,A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing,21. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by,the hour.,A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay,22. Mr. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.,A. never to drive B. to never drive,C. never driving D. ever drive,C,A,A,warn sb. (not) to do sth.,警告某人（不要）干某事,warn sb. about /of sth.,提醒、警告某人注意某事,make sb. do,be made to do,25. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.,A. making B. makes C. made D. to make,26. She pretended _ me when I passed by.,A. not to see B. not seeing,C. to not see D. having not seen,27. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.,A. ride, ride B. riding , ride,C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding,A,A,C,28. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this,morning.,A. to be taken B. to take,C. being taken D. taking,shoud love to,等于,woud like to,后边跟动词原形,Jim,是被带进剧院的,用被动语态,.,所以选,A .,29. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.,A. to go B. to have gone,C. going D. having gone,31. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job.,A. so not as to B. so as not to,C. so as to not D. not so as to,B,B,33. - The light in the office is still on.,- Oh, I forgot _.,A. turning it off B. turn it off,C. to turn it off D. having turned it off,34. I can hardly image Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.,A. sail B. to sail,C. sailing D. to have sailed,C,C,必加,ing,形式的动词,35.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.,A. you to call B. you call,C. your calling D. youre calling,37. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.,A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk,38.- I must apologize for _ ahead of time.,- Thats all right.,A. letting you not know B. not letting you know,C. letting you know not D. letting not you know,C,B,B,42. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.,- Well , now I regret _ that.,A. to do B. to be doing,C. done D. having done,43. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.,A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,D,A,B,这是一个省略式的回答，用,to,来表示动词的省略。若选,A,，必须是完整的，,not to do that .,因为,do,是及物动词。例如：,Would you like to go with me? Id like to.,44. The patient was warned _ oily food after the,operation.,A. to eat not B. eating not,C. not to eat D. not eating,45. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.,A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost,46. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied.,A. to have studied B. to study,C. to be studying D. to have been studying,C,C,A,Be lost in sth,是沉醉、沉迷、迷失于。,studied.,48. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door_ “ Sorry to miss you; will call later.”,read B. reads C. to read D. reading,49.The sentence wants_ once more.,A. explained B. explaining,C. being explained D. to explain,D,B,want doing=want to be done.,need require,都可以用主动的形式表示被动,如,The trees need watering = The trees need to be watered.,51. _ from so many apple, I think, these on,the table are much better than the others.,A. Having chosen B. Chosen,C. Being chosen D. Choose,52. Her skirt has become loose. She seems _,weight.,A. to lose B. that she has lost,C. to have lost D. to be losing,53. The highway _ to the city is under repair,now.,A. leads B. led C. to lead D. leading,B,C,D,54. Did _ on time make the teacher angry?,A. she not come B. she not to come,C. not her coming D. her not coming,55. You can never image the great trouble I have,had _ the patient who received a serious wound.,A. to treat B. treated C. treat D. treating,D,D,这里省略了,in ,惯用法,have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth :,做某事遇到了麻烦。,There seems to be no time for going to the cinema,化简是,There is no time for going to the cinema.,it is no time,不可以这样用。只能,it is time for (doing ) sth .,而否定的只能,there is some/much/a little/no time,C,56. _ to be no time for going to the cinema.,A.It seems B. It is seeming,C. There seems D. It is,祈使句,:,一,.,动词原型,+ and/or +,陈述句,(,一般陈述句里有,will , or,可用,or else,或,otherwise,替换,),如,Give me one more hour, and Ill get the work finished.,Follow the advice, and youll be well very soon,Take the chance, or you will regret it.,二,.,名词词组,+ and +,陈述句,如,More effort, and you will succeed.,Another attempt, and you will get it.,57. _ to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.,A. Get B. To get C. Getting D. Having got,A,58. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.,A. to persuade B. persuading,C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,59. -Your shirt wants _ , Mary.,-Yes, it does. Im going to have it _ this afternoon.,A. to wash, washing B. to wash, washed,C. washing; washed D. washing, wash,C,C,
展开阅读全文