句子成分分析

美渠,中国,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,.,*,句子的成分,句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。,英语的基本成分有六种：,主语（,subject,）、谓语（,predicate,）、,表语（,predicative,）、宾语（,object,）、,定语（,attribute,）和状语,(adverbial),。,.,二、按照句子的结构来分，英语的句子有以下三种类型：,1,、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：,My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening,.,2,、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：,It is late,so we must hurry.,3,、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如：,If we want to keep fit,we must always remember that prevention is better than cure.,从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看，我们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。因此，只要我们掌握了简单句的几种基本句型，我们就可以通过在句中寻找起连接作用的连词来分析复杂的句子。,.,+,+,+,+,+,+O,+,+InO+D,五种基本句型：,英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。,+,+,.,五种简单句基本句型,1.The teacher came.,2.I dont know the boy.,3.The idea sounds great.,4.He told me a story.,5.I found her very anxious.,主语谓语,(s.+vi.),主语谓语,+,宾语,(s.+vt.+o.),主语系表语,(s.+link.v.+p),主语谓语间宾直宾,(s.+vt.+sb.+sth.),主语谓语宾语宾补,(s.+vt.+0.+o.c),.,1.Plants need water.,S+V+O,(,主,+,谓,+,宾,),2.The flower is so fresh.,S+V+P,(,主,+,系,+,表,),3.They work hard.,S+V,(,主,+,谓,),4.He gives me some seeds.,S+V+In O+DO,(,主,+,谓,+,直宾,+,间宾,),5.We should keep the plants in the shade.,S+V+O+OC,(,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,),6.Many animals live in trees.,S+V,(,主,+,谓,),.,(subject)+V(verb),（主谓）：,1,特点,:,句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。,这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以,跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,e.g.His words works.,S V,.,+,+,（,predicative,）（主系表）,2,特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做,(,连,),系动词。系动词可分四类：,1,）,be,本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的 作用,后可接动词外的任何词；,2,）感官动词类,look,feel,smell,taste,sound,等,3,）表示变化：,get,grow,become,turn,go,等,4,）表示状态延续：,stay,keep,prove,remain,stand,等,以及,prove,等。,.,+,+,（,object,）（主谓宾）,3,特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,e.g.We like the movie.,S Vi O,.,+,+InO+D,（主谓间宾直宾）,4,特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为,S+V+DO+prep.+InO,e.g.She gave me an apple.,=She gave an apple to me.,.,+,+,+O,（,object complement,）,（主谓宾宾补）,5,特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,e.g.We made him the manager.,S V O OC,.,判断下列句子是主谓结构还是主谓宾结构，如果是主谓宾结构请指出是由什么充当的宾语（名词、代词、动词不定式、,doing,等等）。,1 He arrived yesterday.,他昨天到达。,主谓结构。时间状语,yesterday,2 The boy is crying loudly.,那个男孩正在大声的哭。,主谓结构。状语,loudly,3 She died in 2000.,她死于,2000,年,主谓结构。状语介词短语,in 2000,4 The man disappeared in the street.,那个人在街上消失了。,主谓结构。介词短语,in the street,做状语,5 I like music.,我喜欢音乐。,主谓宾。名词,muisc,做宾语,.,6 She wanted some help,她需要一些帮助。,主谓宾。名词短语,some help,做宾语,7 I slept well last night.,昨天晚上我睡的很好。,主谓。副词,well last night,做状语,8 I built a house last year.,去年我建了所房子。,主谓宾。,A house,做宾语,9 I bought a computer in the street yesterday,昨天我在街上买了台电脑。,主谓宾。,A computer,做宾语。,In the street yesterday,做状语,10 Tom often swims in the river,汤姆常常在河里面游泳。,主谓。介词短语,in the river,做状语,.,1.I watch the boy playing foot ball.,我看到那个男孩在踢足球。,主谓,+,宾语,+,宾补,.playing foot ball,做宾补,2.My good friend told me a story,我的好朋友给我讲了一个故事。,主谓,+,双宾,3.Tom lent me a pencil.,汤姆借给我一个铅笔。,主谓,+,双宾,4.LiLi noticed two dogs fight.,李利注意到两个狗在打架。,主谓,+,宾语,+,宾补，,fight,做宾补,.,5.Ilookedatherflyingakite.,我看到她在放风筝。,主谓,+,宾语,+,宾补。,flyingakite,做宾补,.,6.Please hand me the paper.,请递给我一张纸。,主谓,+,双宾,7.The lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs.,那头狮子命令那只母鸡给他一些鸡蛋。,主谓,+,宾语,+,宾补。,to give him some eggs,做宾补,8.He wanted you to go with him.,他要你一起跟他去。,主谓,+,宾语,+,宾补。,to go with him,做宾补,9.She asks me to help her.,她请我去帮助她。,主谓,+,宾语,+,宾补。,to help her,做宾补,10.My parents leave me some money.,我的父母亲留给我一些钱。,主谓,+,双宾,.,