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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,The use of -ing,The use of -ing,1,语态,时态,主动形式,被动形式,一般式,完成式,(not) doing,(not) being done,(not),having done,(not),having been done,语态 主动形式 被动形式一般式完成式(not) d,2,二,: V-ing,可作主语、宾语、表语,;,定语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。,V-ing,形式表示的动作与主要动词同时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一般式,; V-ing,形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中也常以一般式代替完成式。,二: V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语; 定语、状语和宾语,3,V-ing,的用法：,1.,作主语,Swimming,is good for health., _ (raise),your hat to a,a lady is good manners .,对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。,_,(kill) by sharks in,the sea is a common thing .,Raising,Being killed,V-ing 的用法： 1.作主语RaisingBeing k,4,2.,作表语,Teaching is,learning.,教学相长,My hobby is _ (make),model planes., What worried the child most was,_ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .,making,not being allowed,2. 作表语makingnot being allo,5,注意：,动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：,Playing with fire is dangerous.,（泛指玩火）,To play with fire will be dangerous.,（指一具体动作）,注意：,6,2),.,V-ing,形式和不定式都要有对称性,;,当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是,V-ing,形式时，表语也用,V-ing,形式。,To see,is,to believe,.,=,Seeing,is,believing,.,注意,2). V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不,7,3). Its no use (good) doing sth,Its a waste of time doing sth,it,作形式主语,只用,V-ing,不用不定式。, It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth,It is no use crying over spilt milk.,覆水难收。,It is a waste of time _ (talk) to him .,It is important for me _ (learn) English .,talking,to learn,3). Its no use (good) doi,8,_ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail.,2. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made,C. He had making D. His making,3. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written,4. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read,5.It is no use _ without through _.,A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding,C. to read; understand D. read; to understand,Exercises,_ the exam will disappoint,9,3.,作宾语,V-ing,形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。,We would appreciate hearing from you,我们会珍惜你的来信。,The bird escaped _ (catch) ., I feel like _ (join) the army., He was afraid of _,(abandon) by us.,being abandoned,being caught,joining,3.作宾语being abandonedbeing cau,10,注意：,在,avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on ,instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on,等后只接,V-ing,形式作宾语。,注意：,11,避免错过少延期,建议完成多联系,喜欢想象禁不住,承认否定与嫉妒,逃避冒险莫原谅,忍受保持不介意,避免错过少延期,12,Exercises,1.The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed,C. having noticed D. having been noticed,2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful,C. she beautiful D. is beautiful,3. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go,C. reading; going D. reading; went,4.I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home.,A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do,C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do,Exercises1.The thief entered t,13,注意,在,want,，,need,，,require,，,deserve,等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。,Your car needs filling.,你这车要充气了。,This city deserves visiting.,这座城市值得光顾一下。,The problem requires studying carefully .,这个问题需要认真研究。,The trees want watering .,这些树需要浇水了。,注意,14,在（,be,）,worth,后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。,His suggestion is worth considering.,The book is worth reading.,在,allow,，,advise,，,forbid,，,permit,等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：,We dont allow smoking here.,We dont allow students to smoke.,在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义,15,1.Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room.,A. to smoke B. smoke,C. smoking D. to smoking,2. . They dont permit _ noise her.,A. to make B. make C. making D. made,3. The sentence wants _ once more.,A. to explain B. explaining,C. being explained D. to be explained it,4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.,A. catching B. to be caught,C. being caught D. to catch,Exercises,1.Sorry, we dont allow _,16,5. Ali said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home.,A. leftB. being left C. to be leftD. leaving,6. She _ the key.,A. admitted takingB. admitted taking,C. admitted having taken D. admitted to have taken,7,. Did you enjoy yourself last night?, Its very nice of you. I appreciated _ to the party.,A. to be invited B. to have invited,C. being invited D. having been invited,8.,While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _.,A. from polluting B. polluted,C. pollutingD. being polluted,5. Ali said that she wouldnt,17,4.,作定语,The girl,standing there,is my sister .,This is a piece of _ (surprise) news .,The problem_ (discuss) now is very important.,The farmers _ (work),in the fields are tired .,surprising,being discussed,working,4. 作定语surprising being discu,18,5.,作状语,Hearing,the good news , he jumped with joy ., He sat at the table , _ ( read ) China Daily .,_ (ask) to answer the question, she couldnt refuse.,_ ( work ) hard , you will succeed .,reading,Working,Being asked,5. 作状语readingWorkingBeing aske,19,6.,作宾语补足语,:,I saw people,coming and going,in,the street .,I heard her _ (sing) a,song in her room.,Youll find the topic _,(discuss) everywhere now.,being discussed,singing,6. 作宾语补足语:being discussedsingi,20,7.- Ving,一般时,和,一般时的被动形式,;,He hurried home ,looking,behind,from time to time .,2) The building,being repaired,is our,dormitory .,7.- Ving 一般时和一般时的被动形式;,21,- Ving,的,完成时,和,完成时的被动形式,1),Having lit,a candle , she went out.,2),Having been asked to stay, I,couldnt leave .,3),Having heard,this , our teacher,expressed her satisfaction .,- Ving 的完成时和完成时的被动形式1) Havin,22,8.,在绝大数情况下，,ving,的逻辑主语是句子的主语，但有时前可有一个名词或代词表示视神经逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的称为独立结构。,The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home.,会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车走了。,It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.,由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。,8. 在绝大数情况下，ving的逻辑主语是句子的主语，,23,9.,有少数并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度。,Generally speaking, the novel is not very inspiring.,总的来说，这部小说并不感人。,Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed.,从你说的情况看，他应能成功。,9. 有少数并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的,24,Practice,1. - What made Bill so angry?,- _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet.,A. Having kept waiting,B. Being kept waiting,C. To be kept waiting,D. Being kept waited,B,PracticeB,25,2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.,A. built,B. having been built,C. to be built,D. being built,D,2. The building _ in our,26,3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.,A. catching,B. to be caught,C. being caught,D. to catch,C,3. The squirrel was lucky t,27,4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.,A. to persuaded,B. persuading,C. being persuaded,D. be persuaded,C,4. While shopping, people s,28,5. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises.,A. Having taught,B. Having been taught,C. taught,D. Teaching,B,5. _ many times, the boy,29,6. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film.,A. Having been told,B. Having told,C. Been told,D. Telling,A,6. _ the whole stor,30,Fill in the blanks :,_ (turn) to the right , you will,find the place you want .,2. _ (ask) to put on performance , she refused .,3. _ (finish) his work , Henry went home .,4. _ (learn) new words is useful.,Turning,Being asked,Having finished,Learning,Fill in the blanks :TurningBei,31,5. He disliked _ (interrupt),in his experiment .,6. I apologize for _,(not, wait) for you .,7. _ (not, receive) an,answer , I wrote to him again .,8. _ (give) such,a good chance , you should catch it .,being interrupted,not having waited,Not having received,Having been given,5. He disliked _ (,32,9. I didnt mind _ (leave),at home .,10. The house wants _ (clean).,11. He came in without _ (ask).,12. _ (show) around,the library , we were taken to see,the lab.,being left,cleaning,being asked,Having been shown,9. I didnt mind _ (,33,巩固练习：,1. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.,A. sail B. to sail,C. sailing D. to have sailed,C,巩固练习： 1. I can hardly imagin,34,2. The light in the office is still on., Oh, I forgot_,A. turning it off,B. turn it off,C. to turn it off,D. having turned it off,C,2. The light in the offic,35,3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.,A. you to call,B. you call,C. your calling,D. youre calling,C,3. I would appreciate _,36,4. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?,A. To take B. take,C. taking D. to be taking,C,4. How about the two of,37,5. I must apologize for _ ahead,of time., That all right.,A. letting you not know,B. not letting you know,C. letting you know not,D. letting not you know,B,5. I must apologize for _,38,6. You were brave enough to raise,objections at the meeting., Well, now I regret _ that.,A. to do,B. to be doing,C. to have done,D. having done,D,6. You were brave enough to,39,7. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.,A. been called,B. called,C. having called,D. being called,D,7. He has always insisted,40,8. Do you mind _ alone at home?,A. Jane leaving,B. Jane having left,C. Janes being left,D. Jane to be left,C,8. Do you mind _ alone at ho,41,9. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.,A. visit B. paying a visit,C. walk in D. walking in,D,9. She looks forward ever,42,10. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life.,A. you fly B. your flight,C. flight D. flying,D,10. Once your business be,43,12. What do you think made Mary so upset?, _ her new bicycle.,A. As she lost,B. Lost,C. Losing,D. Because of losing,C,12. What do you think m,44,13. Let me tell you something,about the journalists., Dont you remember _the,story yesterday?,A. told B. telling,C. to tell D. to have told,B,13. Let me tell you somet,45,14. One learns a language by making mistakes and _them.,A. correct B. Correcting,C. corrects D. to correct,B,14. One learns a language by m,46,15. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _.,A. hed like to collect coin as well,B. he feels like collecting coins, too,C. to collect coins is also his hobby,D. collecting coins also gives him,great pleasure,D,15. Fishing is his favori,47,巩固练习,:,16. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.,A. to prepare B. preparing,C. prepared D. was preparing,B,巩固练习: 16. The secretary work,48,17. _ your homework, you mustnt listen to music.,A. When do,B. When to do,C. When doing,D. When you doing,C,17. _ your homework, you,49,18. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay here.,A. having added B. to add,C. adding D. added,C,18. The visiting minister e,50,19. _ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary.,A. Not learning,B. Never having learned,C. Having not learned,D. Having never learned,B,19. _ the idiom, he looke,51,20. It rained heavily, _ severe flooding in the country.,A. causing B. to cause,C. caused D. having caused,21. Any driver _ a license ought to be punished.,A. doesnt have B. having not,C. has not D. not having,A,D,20. It rained heavily, _ s,52,22. The missing boys were last seen,_ playing on the playground.,A. playing B. to be playing,C. play D. to play,A,23. _ to put on a performance, Miss Green couldnt refuse very well.,A. Being asked B. Asked,C. Ask D. To be asked,A,22. The missing boys were last,53,
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