非谓语动词-(现在分词-过去分词)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,非谓语动词,分词,1,使用原则,:,当两个动词之间没有连词时，需要将其中一个谓语动词变为非谓语动词。,注意,:,连词可以分为,(1),并列连词,(and,but,or),(2),从属连词,(because,when,before,if,等,),(3),关系连词,(,定从，名从连接词,),判断正误,I sat there felt frustrated.(),x,2,改错,加上并列连词,She sat there but felt frustrated,.,2.,加上从属连词,She sat there because she felt frustrated,.,3.,加上关系连词,She Sat there,who felt frustrated,.,变为非谓语动词,She sat there,feeling very frustrated.,3,现在分词形式,时态,/,语态,主动语态,被动语态,一般时,doing,Being done,完成时,Having done,Having been done,完成进行时,Having been doing,无,过去分词形式,:done,否定形式,:,在非谓语动词,前,加,not,4,分词意义,doing:,与所修饰词构成主动关系,/,时态上表示正在进行，状态,being done:,与所修饰词构成被动关系,/,时态上表示正在进行,having done:,与所修饰词构成主动关系,/,时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成；,5,分词意义,having been done:,与所修饰词构成被动关系,/,时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成,having been doing:,与所修饰词构成主动关系,/,时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且未完；,done:,与所修饰词构成被动关系,/,时态上表示过去或者状态；,6,定语,定语：修饰名词或者代词；,前置定语,:,当只有一个分词时，则用前置定语,(,放在所修饰词之前,),；,a developing country:,发展中国家；,a developed country:,发达国家；,注意,:,前置定语有时可以不考虑语态，只需考虑时态；,7,翻译下列短语,:,正在沸腾的水；,开水；,落叶,正在下落的叶子；,Boiling water,Boiled water,Falling leaves,Fallen leaves,8,后置定语,:,当为分词短语时；,e.g.,Can you see the building being built?,There are some boys playing on the ground.,This is our library built in 1992.,Do you know the road leading to the park.,_,_,_,_,9,注意：,1).,分词作定语时逻辑主语常为最近一个名词；,2).,有时可以用逗号将主句与分词隔开，此时逻辑主语还可以是整个主句；,He is from USA,surprising us all.,He receives most gifts,envied by other kids.,3).,完成时或者完成进行时不能做定语；,(,不能直接用在名词之后,),10,表语,作用,:,修饰主语，位于系动词之后；,说明主语的特征及状态,;,The news,is,very,disappointing,.,His story,is,very,moving,.,He is,gone,.,The glass is,broken,.,He was,lost,in thought.,They were deeply,moved.,11,注意：,1).,分词位于系动词之后；,2).,逻辑主语是主句主语；,3).ing,结尾的分词修饰物或者事情；,-ed,结尾的分词修饰人；,但是如果有,voice,expression,mood,eyes,look,等词的时候也可以用,-ed,来修饰,12,状语,状语：修饰动词，位于句首，句中，句末,;,用逗号将其与主句分开；,Being ill,he didnt go to school.,Having the done the work,I went back home.,He sat there,lost,in thought.,Built,in 1997,the library looks beautiful.,13,注意事项：,位置,:,分词作状语时，位于句首或者句末,;,逻辑主语,:,主句主语；,省略句,:,由,when,while,though,although,if,as if,even if,before,after,unless,等引导的从句中；,14,a).,如果主句主语与从句主语相同，并且从句谓语动词包括,be,时，则可以省去从句主语,+be;,When studying abroad,he studied hard.,If invited to the party,I,will go.,b).,如果从句主谓是,it be,时，也可省去；,I will go and see if(it is)necessary.,If so,please call me right away.,15,1).When _ from the top of the mountain,I,found the mountain small.(see),2).When _ from the top of the mountain,the mountain seemed small.(see),3).When _ with the earth,the mountain seemed small.(compare),4).If _,we would succeed.(fight),seeing,seen,compared,fighting,16,_ more attention,the tree could have grown better.,A.Given B.To give,C.Giving D.Having given.,2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century,（定语）,A.having written B.to be written,C.being written D.written,Practice 高考点击,17,3._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.（原因）,A.Losing B.Having lost,C.Lost D.To lose,4.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be,done to change it.（条件）,begins B.having begu,C.beginning D.begun,18,宾补,作用,:,修饰宾语表示宾语的状态或者动作；,1).,介词,+,宾语,+,宾补,to do,with+,宾语,doing,done,主动被动,/,将来,主动,/,正在,被动,/,过去,19,1).With a lot of problems _,the president was having a hard time.(solve),2).With a lot of problems _,the president was having a good time.(solve),3).With the air plane _(take off),please fasten your seat belt.,4).With everything he needed_(buy),he went out of the super market.,to solve,solved,to take off,bought,20,2).,动词,+,宾语,+,宾补,a).,使义动词,send sb doing sth,have/keep sb doing sth,get sth doing(vi),get/keep sth done,get sb done,make oneself done,21,b).,视听动词,see/watch/notice/hear/catch/find+,宾语,doing:,与宾语构成主动关系,/,正在进行；,done:,与宾语构成被动关系,/,完成,(,状态,),；,do,：与宾语构成主动关系,/,整个过程,being done:,与宾语构成被动关系,/,正在,22,3).,状态动词,+,宾语,+,宾补；,doing:,主动,/,正在,to do:,主动,/,将来,leave sb/sth done:,被动,/,完成或状态,to be done:,被动,/,将来,使某人或者某物处于,状态中,;,23,1.A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending,but the reader must not be left_.(06,天津卷,),A,unsatisfied B,unsatisfying,C,to be unsatisfying D,being unsatisfied,2.His remarks left me _ about his real purpose.,A.wondered B.wonder,C.to wonder D.wondering,A,D,24,3.John rushed out in a hurry,_ the door _.,A.leaving,unlocked B.leaving,unlocking,C.left,unlocked D.to leave,unlocking,4.Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.,A.running B.run C.being run D.to run,A,A,25,注意事项,1).,逻辑主语是宾语；,2).,试听动词的分词可以转化为主语补足语；,I caught him cheating.,He was caught cheating.,26,非谓语动词的解题步骤,找连词,找从句中是否有连词，如果有连词则用谓语动词，否则用非谓语动词；,27,1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.To be toldC.He was told D.Though he was told,分析：用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面也是个独立句子，故选C。,28,2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.To be toldC.He was told D.Though he was told,分析：句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A，用非谓语动词作状语。,29,2.,找逻辑主语,如果没有连词，则确定用非谓语动词，首先确定逻辑主语。,1).,如果非谓语动词没有逗号隔开时,则逻辑主语常常为最接近一个名词；,2).,如果非谓语动词有逗号隔开时，则,a).,非谓语动词放在句首,句中时，逻辑主语为主句主语；,b).,非谓语动词放在句末时；,主句主语；,逻辑主语 最接近一个名词,整个主句,30,三、分析语态,分析语态