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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,短文改错专题,英语专题复习课件,*,高考新题型,短文改错,2015-10-24,解 题 步 骤,3,解 题 策 略,4,考 纲 解 读,1,命 题 特 点,2,1,新课标全国卷考试大纲说明明确指出:语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面,因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准的一项重要内容。高考短文改错主要考查考生在,语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性,,考查考生的,词、句、篇和语法的综合水平,。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变,知识层次多,覆盖面广,包括,词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构,等。,考 纲 解 读,2,2011-2015,改,错考点,分配,年份,名词冠词,形容词副词,代词,主谓一致,介词,连词,动词词组,时态,非谓语动词,2015,2,2,1,0,1,1,0,3,0,2014,2,4,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,2011,1,4,1,0,2,0,0,1,1,2012,2,3,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,2013,2,3,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,3,命 题 特 点,4,一、选材特点。,短文改错的文体多为第一人称记叙文;也有少数文章为议论文。短文改错的语言材料通常,取材于考生自己的作品或类似于考生的随笔,,且话题常见,篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平。短文改错试题的难度近年来继续保持平稳,以考查学生书面表达中的常见错误为主,知识覆盖面广。短文改错的句子长度也趋于平稳,但几乎每篇都有一个,长达,20,多个词,的句子。,5,二、设置特点。,试题的设置特点主要是指考点的分布状况。短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广,分布合理。其重点是从,句法、词法和行文逻辑,等三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力,同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有,错词、多词、缺词,等三种可能。,6,1.,Soon I began to enjoy talk to,myself.,2.,Im sure you will find one you like it.,3.I like playing piano.,the,错词,talking,改,错形式,多词,缺词,7,错词,现象主要出现在名词单复数、冠词、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一致、代词、词形,(,指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式,以及平行结构中词的正确形式,),。,缺词,现象主要出现在冠词,(,名词前,),、介词,(,不及物动词后或固定结构中,),、助动词、不定式符号,to,、连词、语义不完整现象等方面。,多词,现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。,8,一、名词和限制词的搭配,二、动词,三、连词,六、代词,主要是代词的格与数的错用,非谓语动词不定式、“,ing,”form,、过去分词,谓语动词 时态 语态 人称 数,五、形容词、副词,四、介词,上下文的搭配,并列连词,从属连词,包括比较等级的误用,,以及形容词和副词的误用,上下文逻辑关系,主要错误,9,短文改错的目的是测试考生,发现、判断、纠正,一些词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既能考查考生的,词汇,和,语法,方面的能力,也能考查考生的,阅读理解,能力。其考查的角度可以概括为以下三个方面:,10,探究一词法型,词法的测试包括:,定冠词和不定冠词,的用法;,名词,的单复数和名词所有格;,动词,的时态、语态、语气、情态动词和非谓语动词等;人称,代词,的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法;,介词,的搭配;并列,连词,、从属连词的用法;,形容词、副词,的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法;,固定搭配和习惯用法,。,11,【,例,1,】,(2013,陕西卷,)One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake.We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.,【,例,2,】,(2013,四川卷,)Today we had a chemistry test.I found the test difficulty,but I tried hardly to do it.,【,例,3,】,(2013,新课标全国卷,)He was tall,,,with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.,解析:,本句有两处词法错误。,1),名词单复数错误。根据常理可知,“,人有两个肩膀,”,,故,shoulder,用复数形式;,2),介词错误。根据句意可知,这里指黑胡子变成了花白胡子,所以用,from.to,/into.,结构,即,toward,改为,to/,into,。,12,探究二句法型,句法的测试包括:主谓语在人称和数上的,一致,;并列句,复合句;特殊句式;句子结构的,连贯性、完整性、对等性,及,逻辑性,。,【,例,4,】,(2013,陕西卷,)Finally,there were a sudden pull at the pole and.,【,例,5】(2013,全国卷,),he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.,【,例,6】(2014,全国,)They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.,13,探究三语篇型,语篇的测试包括:,上下文,中的时态是否一致;上下文中的代词是否一致;上下文中的逻辑是否一致;上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。,【,例,7,】,(2013,大纲全国卷,)My father is hardworking,,,but goes to work in the field every day.,【,例,8,】,(2013,新课标全国卷,)However,he was the gentlest man I have never known.,【,例,9,】(2014,浙江卷,)I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.,14,解 题 步 骤,15,16,17,解 题 策 略,18,短文改错题应注重以下技巧:,一、谨记答题原则,(1),“,四不改,”,原则:,单词拼写不改。,大小写不改。,词序错误不改,(,应从错词或少词方面考虑,),。,标点符号不改。,(2),“,五改动,”,原则:,忠实于原文原则,(,不可改变原文的原意,),。,错误以改动最少为原则。,虚词以添加或者删除为原则。,实词以改变形式为原则。,客观性和唯一性原则,(,正确内容不能多种表达去替换,),。,19,二、规律常见错误,常见错误:,(1),“,不一致性,”,错误,主要包括:,主谓不一致;,时态不一致;,语态不一致;,单复数不一致;,代词指代不一致;,搭配不一致等。,20,【,例,1】(2013,陕西卷,)Within the next few minute,my grandfather also caught a fish.,【,例,2,】,(2013,四川卷,)I didnt cheat.I was just helping a friend.Why does she punish me?,【,例,3,】,(2013,辽宁卷,)I was eager to see him,but outside her room I stopped.,21,常见错误:,(2),“,行文逻辑,”,错误,这种错误主要是运用,行文逻辑,,考查连接手段。,谨记,两种句式,:并列句,(,并列连词,),,复合句,(,从属连词,),;,六种关系,:转折关系,选择关系,层递关系,并列关系,因果关系,同位关系。,一种变化,:语义的曲折变化。如:肯定与否定,方位与时空的转移等。,22,【,例,4,】,(2013,陕西卷,)I wanted to give up,and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.,解析:,此句是行文逻辑错误。根据句意可知,前后分句之间是转折关系,故,and,改为,but,。,【,例,5,】,(2013,四川卷,)We were warned not to cheat again,so she would need to see our parents.,解析:,此句是行文逻辑错误。根据句意,“,她警告我们不要再作弊,否则她要告知我们的父母,”,可知,此处应把,so,改为,or,。,23,常见错误:,(3),“,平行结构,”,错误,平行结构是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表达相互平行的概念时,要使用相同的语法结构,即动词与动词相配,形容词与形容词相配,分词与分词相配,不定式与不定式相配,短语与短语相配。,平行结构经常借助于并列连词,and,but,or,或连词词组,not only.but also.,;,not.,b,ut.,;,either.,o,r.,;,neither.,n,or.,;,as well as,等。,24,【,例,6,】,(2012,全国,)For example,how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one else was there?,解析:,此句是谓语不平行错误。根据句法,,leave,在时态上应和,walked,保持一致,故,leave,改为,left,。,【,例,7,】,Do some nice things for your parents.like cooking,doing the dishing,or clean the floors.,解析:,此句是宾语不平行错误。根据句法,,clean,和,cooking,doing,一样作介词,like,的宾语,故,clean,改为,cleaning,。,25,常见错误:,(4),“,词性、词形,”,错误,主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系。比如:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。,【,例,8,】,(2013,陕西卷,)After waiting for about half an hour,I was beginning to get impatiently.,解析:,此句是词性错误。,get,是系动词,后跟形容词作表语,故,impatiently,改为,impatient,。,26,【,例,9,】,(2013,全国卷,)He had a deep voice,,,which set himself apart from others in our small town.,解析:,此句是词形错误。根据句意,“,他深沉的声音把他和别人区别开来,”,可知,,himself,应改为,him,。,【,例,10,】,(2013,新课标全国卷,)In fact,,,he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.,解析:,此句是词性错误。,during,是介词,不能接从句,故该,during,为,when,。,27,常见错误:,(5),“,动词的变化,”
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