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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的诊断与治疗,骨巨细胞瘤研究现状,骨巨细胞瘤(,Giant cell tumors,)是临床上常见的原发骨肿瘤,其特性是侵袭性和易复发性。,目前,WHO,将其定义为具有局部侵袭性的良性肿瘤,Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone WHO 2002,临床特征,病史:多数病人有劳累或轻微外伤史,70%,的,GCT,发生于,20,40,岁之间,症状和体征:,1,、疼痛及压痛,逐渐加重。,2,、肿块:逐渐增大,质硬。,3,、关节活动受限。,好发于骨端,常常累及关节软骨下骨,膝关节周围约占,50%,65%,影像学表现,偏心性 溶骨性,Campanacci,分级,级,皮质骨侵犯轻微级,位于骨内,可伴有硬化缘,Campanacci,分级,级,骨皮质膨胀、变薄,无硬化缘,Campanacci,分级,级,肿瘤合并有软组织包块,病理学检查:穿刺活检术,穿刺点位于切口处,避开大的血管神经,手术治疗原则,尽可能保留自身关节,无瘤原则(肿瘤具有侵袭性,易复发),手术治疗方法,手术治疗主要有,病灶内刮除,和,整块切除,两类,。,病灶内刮除,复发率在,27%,54%,整块切除,远期的并发症多,病灶内刮除术,适用于病灶较小,关节软骨下骨皮质完整,刮除术后仍有一定的骨坚强度,Campanacci,分级,、级,或软组织肿块能完整切除的级患者。,扩大刮除术的理念及措施,高速磨钻,刮除术后瘤腔的填充,对于瘤腔缺损小,可应用自体骨或辅以异体骨填充。,对于大部分瘤腔需要应用骨水泥内固定,局部扩大刮除、骨水泥填充已成为,GCT,的经典处理方式,骨水泥的作用,We found,polymethylmethacrylate use decreased the risk of local recurrence.,Similar risk reductions have been observed by others,and have been attributed to thermal and toxic effects on tumor cells.Additionally,polymethylmethacrylate may,decrease the risk of collapse,and allow for more aggressive tumor removal as a result of its favorable mechanical properties.,Giant Cell Tumor of BoneRisk Factors for RecurrenceFrank M.Klenke MD,PhD,Doris E.Wenger MD,Carrie Y.Inwards MD,Peter S.Rose MD,Franklin H.Sim,MDClin Orthop Relat Res(2011)469:591,599,整块切除术,适用于,Campanacci,级、肿瘤突破包壳有明显软组织肿块形成,Campanacci级肿瘤较大骨质膨胀明显者,刮除术后骨质坚强度明显降低,二膦酸盐治疗骨巨细胞瘤的可行性,二膦酸盐类药是目前临床上一组最重要的可用于治疗骨吸收、骨破坏的药物。,作用机制,J Med Assoc Thai.2008 Oct;91(10):1609-12.,Effectiveness of intravenous bisphosphonate in treatment of giant cell tumor:a case report and review of the literature.,Arpornchayanon O,Leerapun T,.,Department of Orthopedics,Faculty of Medicine,Chiang Mai University,Chiang Mai,Thailand.,Bisphosphonates reduce local recurrence in extremity giant cell tumor of bone:a case-control study.,Tse LF,Wong KC,Kumta SM,Huang L,Chow TC,Griffith JF,.,Bone.2008 Jan;42(1):68-73.Epub 2007 Sep 6,Clinical use of bisphosphonates as an adjuvant therapy for giant cell tumor of bone demonstrated a lower local recurrence rate.The clinical response seems to be more promising in stage III diseases.,复发,6,(,30%,),1,(,4.2%,),总之,对骨巨细胞瘤的治疗应根据肿瘤的部位、放射线分级及患者的年龄采取不同的手术方法。,GCT,的治疗目的是避免复发,尽可能地保留自身关节,防止并发症,力争好的关节功能。,帕米膦酸钠,60,90mg,静滴,,1,次,/3,个月,共两次。阿仑膦酸钠,口服,,10mg/,日。,改善了患者的疼痛评分,影像学可显示骨皮质增厚和进行性的骨钙化。,临床应用,-,骨纤维异常增殖症,d,外固定术后,9,个月,第三次应用帕米膦酸二钠,,骨折愈合,髓腔内明显硬化。,患者 男性,,27,岁,患者 男性,,27,岁,b 2010-3-31,第三次应用帕米膦酸二钠,谢 谢,
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