大学英语教程3(南方版)读写译-UNIT-8Cultural-Differences课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,大学英语教程,3(,南方版,),读写译,UNIT EIGHT,Cultural Differences,Part I LANGUAGE SKILL,PART II LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,PART III TOWARD PRODUCTIVE LANGUAGE,若出现禁用,“,宏,”,和,“,ActiveX,”,对话框，请选择,“,启用,”,大学英语教程,3,读写译,K,EY WORDS MADE EASY,K,EY EXPRESSIONS IN USE,Part I LANGUAGE SKILL,BACK,UNIT EIGHT,大学英语教程,3,读写译,K,EY WORDS MADE EASY,Read aloud the following sentences and figure out what each italicized word means. The Clue in the parentheses will help.,1. I met the Smiths in Italy last summer. They were vacationing in Florence.(take a holiday),2. A confidant is a man with whom you are able to discuss your private problems.(close friend),3. John is in his office at the moment. He is holding a meeting with his business associates.(companion),4. A landmark is an event marking an important stage of development or a turning point in history.(milestone),5. The East and the West can work together for their mutual benefit and progress.(common),BACK,UNIT EIGHT,大学英语教程,3,读写译,K,EY WORDS MADE EASY,A Read aloud the following sentences and figure out what each italicized word means. The clue in the parentheses will help.,6. With a rich experience in dealing with emergencies, he is the right person for this exacting task.(demanding),7. After a years interval, the two friends finally met again in Denmark.(interlude),8. Perhaps I had misjudged him, and he was not so careless after all.(be wrong in judging),9. The scientists have intensified their search for an effective way to fight SARS.(strenghten),10. Most people recognize that friendship invokes freedom of choice.(evoke),BACK,UNIT EIGHT,大学英语教程,3,读写译,A Study the following expressions.,K,EY EXPRESSIONS IN USE,BACK,UNIT EIGHT,1. In contrast with the French people, the Germans tend to treat their friends as their bothers or sisters.,2. People in different countries have different ideas on what friendship is and how it comes into being.,3. According to the authors, American friendships are subject to changes as people move, change their jobs, marry or discover new interests.,4. English people may easily take up their friendship even after long intervals.,5. When English people feel that they are out of step, their friendship comes to an end.,大学英语教程,3,读写译,PART II LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,R,EADING SELECTION: TEXT A,S,TUDY AND PRACTICE,Q,UESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION,BACK,UNIT EIGHT,大学英语教程,3,读写译,Preview Questions,Work in pairs or groups, and discuss the following questions.,1. If you were looking for a job, what would you expect from it?,2. Whats your ideal? And why?,3. When do you think youll realize your ideal?,4. As a college student, how should you be prepared for life?,BACK,R,EADING SELECTION: TEXT A,UNIT EIGHT,8,Lead-in Questions,What are your expectations of a friendship?,Tips:,We often expect a friend to share our happiness and hardships. When we are in need or in trouble, we wish to tend to our friends for help, for comfort or for sharing of our feelings. As an old proverb goes “ A friend in need is a friend indeed”, everyone wishes to have a trusted friend to whom he may tend for help.,9,Lead-in Questions,What does the term “best friend” mean to you?,Tips:,A best friend can be one of your classmates who share your ideas as well as your experiences. A best friend can also be someone you admire, an elder brother/sister who knows more about this world and can therefore give you advice whenever you are in trouble. A best friend can also be a pet dog or a toy you like best.,10,Lead-in Questions,Has your understanding of friendship changed as you grow up?,Tips:,Most of you may have changed several schools in the 12 years study. You may have closed friends among your primary school classmates. You may have different friends among your middle school classmates. During all these years of schooling, you have grown up to be a big boy or a big girl. In the whole process, your understanding of friendship may have changed with time and space. Your close friends may vary from childhood playmates, confidants to more mature friends.,11,Lead-in Questions,How is Chinese friendship different from that of the French, or of the Germans?,Tips:,French Friendship German Friendship Chinese Friendship,only among men both men and women both men and women,outside family inside family both inside and outside,share ideas share feelings both ideas and feelings,12,Background Information,About the Author,Margaret Mead,(1901-1978) was a noted educator, anthropologist, and author. Educated at Bernard College and Columbia University, she was for many years a professor of anthropology at Columbia.,13,Rhoda Metraux,was born in 1914 and is also an anthropologist. She was educated at Vassar, Yale, and Columbia. Metraux firsta met Mead while working at the American Museum of Natural History. A contributor to anthropological journals, Metraux collaborated with Mead on A Way of Seeing(1970), from which the text was taken.,Margaret Mead and Rhoda Metraux,About the Author,14,Structure,Para 1-5,:,American people like to make friends wherever they go.In the United States, friends can be various people and they can visit each others homes without ceremony.,Para 6-8,:,In France, friendship is usually regarded as a relationship between men. Friends are the people who draw out your best qualities and with whom you sparkle.,Para 9,:,In Germany, friends are the ones who share your feelings and so are often brought home to meet the family.,Para 10,:,In England, friends are the people who share the same experience and who have a common interest.,Main Idea,Para 11,:,Friendship invokes freedom and the equality of give-and- take.,大学英语教程,3,读写译,BACK,R,EADING SELECTION: TEXT A,UNIT EIGHT,大学英语教程,3,读写译,BACK,R,EADING SELECTION: TEXT A,UNIT EIGHT,17,Few Americans stay put for a lifetime.,We move from town to city to suburb, from high school to college in a different state, from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere, from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live,in retirement,.,With each move we are forever making new friends, who become part of our new life at that time.,For many of us the summer is a special time for forming new friendships.,Today millions of Americans,vacation,abroad, and they go not only to see new sights but also - in those places where they do not feel too strange - with the hope of meeting new people.,No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend. But surely the beginning of a friendship is possible? Surely in every country people value friendship?,They do. The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is not,a lack of,appreciation,of friendship, but different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it,comes into being,. In those European countries that Americans are most,likely,to visit, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relations, and is differently,related to,family life. For a Frenchman, a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more,particularized,and carries a heavier burden of commitment.,Part I. Para. 1-5,4. But as we use the word, friend can be applied to a wide range of relationships - to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close business,associate, to a childhood,playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted,confidant,.,There are real differences among these relations for Americans - a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring.,But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clear.,5. As they see it, people known and accepted,temporarily, casually, flow in and out of Americans homes with little,ceremony,and often with little personal commitment.,They may be parents of the childrens friends, house guests of neighbors, members of a committee, business associates from another town or even another country.,Coming as a guest into an American home, the European visitor finds no visible,landmarks,. The atmosphere is relaxed. Most people, old and young, are called by first names.,18,Questions,What particular countries do the authors cite as examples when the comment on different styles of friendship? Why do they mention these countries?,Why do American friendships confuse Europeans?,Do you agree with the authors that everywhere people value friendship? Why is it difficult for people from different countries to become friends?,Why is it that Americans are constantly making new friends? How do Americans use the word,friend,?,19,1.,Few Americans stay put for a lifetime.,(L. 1),译文：,很少有几个美国人会一辈子呆在一个地方不动。,Meaning:,Most Americans do not stay in a fixed place all through their lives.,Nowadays millions of Americans go to other countries to spend their holidays.,Language Points,20,put:,adj.,fixed; stationary,固定的；不变的,e.g.,1.,小孩不能长时间保持不动来照相。,The baby wouldnt stay put long enough for the photo to be taken.,e.g.,2.,前总统很高兴能够一直在乡村度过他的余生。,The former president was very happy to stay put in the country for the rest of his life.,21,2.,vacation,vE5keiFEn;vei5keiFEn,(L. 7),: (1),v.,be on vacation; have a holiday at/in a place,度假,;,(2),n.,holiday,假期,The Smiths plan to vacation in northeast China when the summer holidays come.,在学院放假时,我在一家小的海滨餐馆打工。,e.g.,I worked in a small beachside restaurant during the college vacation.,暑假来临时史密斯一家计划去中国东北度假。,e.g.,22,3.,Today millions of Americans vacation abroad.,(L.6),译文：,今天数百万美国人到国外去度假。,Meaning:,Nowadays millions of Americans go to other countries to spend their holidays.,23,4.,Surely in every country people value friendship?,(L.10),译文：,肯定每一个国家的人们都重视友谊吧？,Meaning:,It is almost certain that in every country people regard friendship as something very important?,value,v.,regard highly, have a high opinion of sb. / sth.; esteem; appreciate,重视；评价,e.g.,作为一个律师，他最重视的是证据。,As a lawyer, he values evidence above all else.,24,A lack of money prevented the young man from going abroad.,那个年轻人因为缺钱不能出国。,e.g.,5. (a) lack of,(L. 13),:,not having enough; be short of,那家公司因为严重的缺乏流动资金而关闭了。,e.g.,Serious lack of circulating fund forced the closure of the company.,25,6. come into being,(L. 13),:,be in existence; begin to exist,The professor explained how WTO came into being and why China wanted to become a member,.,教授解释了,WTO,是如何成立的，中国为什么要加入这个组织。,e.g.,Before the railway came into being, a four-horse coach was a popular means of transportation.,在没有火车以前，四轮马车是非常流行的交通工具。,e.g.,26,7.,The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of appreciation of friendship, but different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being:,(L.12),译文：,来自两个国家的陌生人聚在一起时遇到的困难不是彼此之间缺少对友谊的正确评价，而是双方对于友谊的构成以及如何开始友谊有着不同期望。,Meaning:,When strangers from two countries meet, there usually emerges a difficulty. The difficulty is not resulted from the fact that they do not want to become friends, but it is because people from different countries have different ideas on what is friendship and how to start a friendship.,27,8. be related to:,be connected with; be associated with,(L.21),The two families were related to each other by marriage.,这两个家庭之间有姻亲关系。,e.g.,Wealth is seldom related to happiness.,财富鲜与幸福相关。,e.g.,28,9.,landmark,(L.36),:,(1) a prominent identifying feature of a landscape; a fixed marker that indicates a boundary line,地标，陆标；,(2) an important stage in the development of something,里程碑；突出事件； 划时代的事件,The Empire State Building is a famous landmark on the New York skyline.,帝国大厦是纽约高楼大厦中著名的地面标志物。,e.g.,a landmark decision,划时代的决定,a landmark victory,划时代的胜利,a landmark invention,划时代的发明,e.g.,29,10. Coming as a guest into an American home, the European visitor finds no visible landmarks:,(L.35),译文：,走进一个美国家庭做客，欧洲来访者找不到明显的界标。,Meaning:,When a European visits an American home as a guest, he finds that there is no clear sign or ceremony to show that his visit is an important event to the family.,30,Part II. Para. 6-8,6. Who, then, is a friend?,7. In France, as in many European countries, friends generally are of the same sex, and friendship is seen as basically a relationship between men. Frenchwomen laugh at the idea that women cant be friends, but they also admit sometimes that for women its a different thing.,And many French people doubt the possibility of a friendship between a man and a woman.,There is also a kind of relationship within a group - men and women who have worked together for a long time, who may be very close, sharing great,loyalty,and warmth of feeling. They may call one another copains - a word that in English becomes friends but has more the feeling of pals or buddies. In French eyes this is not friendship, although two members of such a group may well be friends.,8. For the French, friendship is a one-to-one relationship that demands a keen,awareness,of the other persons intellect, temperament and particular interests,.,A friend is someone who,draws out,your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship,draws upon,. Your political philosophy assumes more depth, appreciation of a play becomes sharper, taste in food or wine is accentuated, enjoyment of a sport is,intensified,.,31,Questions,How is friendship related to sex in France?,For the French, what does a person often expect from his friend?,32,11,. For the French, friendship is a one-to-one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other persons intellect, temperament and particular interests:,(L.5256),Meaning:,For French people, friendship is a one-to-one relation. It requires that one knows clearly and sensitively about how clever the other person is, what mental and physical characteristics he has, and what his particular interests are.,译文,： 对于法国人，友谊是种一对一的关系，需要一方对另一方的智力，性情和特殊兴趣有敏锐的感知。,33,12. draw out,(L57),:,pull something longer make one feel less nervous and more willing to talk; to make something last longer than usual,鼓励某人说话,将,拖长,The teacher tried to draw the new boy out by letting him say something about,his family.,老师试图通过让那个新来的男孩说说他的家庭来鼓励他说话。,e.g.,She drew the meeting out to over an hour.,她把会议拖长，超过了一小时。,e.g.,34,13.,sparkle,(L. 58),:,v.,(1) give off or reflect flashes of light; glitter,闪闪发光；闪烁；闪耀；,(2) flash with wit; be brilliant in performance; shine with animation,因有活力或有智慧而闪光，焕发光彩,Drops of water sparkled in the sun.,她整个晚上的谈话闪着智慧的光芒。,e.g.,Her conversation sparkled throughout the evening.,水滴在阳光下闪闪发光,。,e.g.,35,14.,more of,(L. 59),:,to or in a greater extent or degree,在更大程度上,She is more of a singer than an actress.,他昨晚说的话比话本身更令人讨厌,.,e.g.,What he said last night is more of a nuisance than it should be.,与其说她是个演员倒不如说她是个歌手,。,e.g.,36,15.,draw upon/ on,(L. 60),:,make use of something for a particular purpose,使用，利用，运用,We drew on his experience throughout the project.,我不得不动用我的储蓄来买这辆车。,e.g.,To buy this car, I have to draw upon my savings.,我们这个项目自始至终都借重他的经验,。,e.g.,37,16,.,A,friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon,.,(L.5660),Meaning:,A friend is one who makes you display your best qualities, one with whom you share your best ideas, and one who makes you become someone useful to your friends.,译文：,朋友是这样一个人：他能让你把自己品质发挥出来，同你一起迸发火花，他会在最大程度上成为友谊所需要的任何东西。,38,17. intensify,(L. 65): t,o make intense or more intense:,增强,;,加强,;,强化,1. The scientists have intensified their search for the new gene by working harder.,恐怖分子增加了炸弹爆炸活动。,e.g.,The terrorists have intensified their bombing campaign.,科学家们更加努力工作加紧搜寻这种新的基因,.,e.g.,Intense:,adj.,强烈的，剧烈的,Intensity:,n.,强烈，剧烈,39,9. In Germany,in contrast with,France, friendship is much more,articulately,a matter of feeling. Adolescents, boys and girls, form deeply,sentimental,attachments, walk and talk together - not so much to polish their wits as to share their hopes and fears and dreams, to,form a common front,against the world of school and family and to,join in,a kind of,mutual,discovery of each others and their own inner life. Within the family, the closest relationship over a lifetime is between brothers and sisters.,Outside the family, men and women find in their closest friends of the same sex the devotion of a sister, the loyalty of a brother.,Appropriately, in Germany friends usually are brought into the family. Children call their fathers and their mothers friends uncle and aunt. Between French friends, who have chosen each other for the,congeniality,of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of argument are the breath of life. But for Germans, whose friendships are based on,mutuality,of feeling, deep disagreement on any subject that matters to both is regarded as a tragedy. Like ties of,kinship, ties of friendship are meant to be,irrevocably,binding. Young Germans who come to the United States have great difficulty in establishing such friendships with Americans. We view friendship more,tentatively,subject to,changes in intensity as people move, change their jobs, marry, or discover new interests.,Part III. Para. 9,40,Questions,What is a Germans expectation upon his friend?,Is it common for a German to bring his friends home?,To Germans, what may lead to the break of a friendship?,41,18.,In contrast with/to,(L. 66),:,be completely different from,和,.,形成对比,/,对照,In contrast with their old house in the country which was large and spacious, their new London flat seemed small and dark.,和他们在乡下又大又宽敞的老房子相比，他们在伦敦的新公寓看上去又小有暗。,e.g.,Language Points,42,19. not so much to do as to do,(L.69),:,不是为了,而是为了,These college students work part time, not so much to make money as to gain experience outside the campus.,这些大学生打工的目的不是为了挣钱，而是为了获得社会经验。,e.g.,43,20.,Adolescents, boys and girls, form deeply sentimental attachments, walk and talk together- not so much to polish their wits as to share their hopes and fears and dreams, to form a common front against the world of school and family and to join in a kind of mutual discovery of each others and their own inner life:,(L69-74),Meaning:,Young teenagers, boys and girls, develop deep emotional relations, walk and talk together not to increase their wits but to share their hopes, fears and dreams and to,form a unified group to fight against the world of school and family; and to join together to discover the inner lifetheir thoughts, feelings and way of thinking -among themselves,译文：,青少年男女，形成深厚的感情关系，一起散步，一起聊天,更多的是分享希望、恐惧或梦想而不是磨砺智慧。他们形成一个统一战线来对抗学校家庭这类外部世界，共同探究彼此或自己的内心世界。,44,21.,the breath of life (to/ for sb.),(L. 81),:,the important thing in ones life; thing that stimulates or inspires sb.,必不可少的东西,象空气一样的东西，某人的精神支柱,To most westerners, religion is the breath of life.,对于很多西方人来说，宗教是他们不可或缺的精神支柱。,e.g.,45,22.,Between French friends, who have chosen each other for the congeniality of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of argument are the breath of life,:,(L.7981),Meaning:,French friends have chosen each other for the pleasure and agreement of their point of view. For them, lively disagreement and sharp argumentation will only liven up their life and friendship.,译文：,在法国朋友中间，由于他们选择对方往往是为着寻求观点一致，因此生动活泼的意见不一致以及激烈的争执都会是他们的友谊中必不可少的。,46,23.,(be) subject to,(L.87),1)likely to be affected by something, especially something unpleasant,易受,的，倾向某事物，常有或常遭某事物,在冬天，孩子们很容易感冒。,e.g.,In winter, children are subject to colds .,一下大雪火车就往往误点。,e.g.,Trains are subject to delays after the heavy snowfalls.,47,24.,(be) subject to:,2) under the control/ authority of sb. else,受人支配的，服从的,这个国家的全体公民都必须服从法律。,e.g.,All citizens in this nation are subject to the law.,你的假期可视天气变化而决定。,e.g.,Your vacation is subject to the changing weather patterns.,3) depending on sth as a condition,以某事物为条件的，取决于某事物,48,10. English friendships follow still a different pattern. Their basis is shared activity. Activities at di