高中英语语法专题指导课件-名词

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高中英语语法专题指导课件,名 词,1,、不可数名词的特点,2,、可数名词的单、复数,;,3,、可数与不可数名词的修饰语及转换；,4,、名词作定语；,5,、名词的搭配,;,6,、,名词的所有格,7,、词语辨析；,高考考点分析,不可数名词的特点,(1)Tables are made of _.(84,全国,)A.wood B.woods C.wooden D.some woods(2)Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble.(87,全国,)A.an advice B.adviceC.advices D.the advices,(3)He gained his _by printing _of famous writers.(95,全国,),A.wealth;work B.wealths;works C.wealths;work D.wealth;works,(1),没有复数形式,；,(2),不能直接在前面加不定冠词；,(3),表示其数量不能直接在前面加数词，而要用,a piece of,之类,的结构。,A,B,D,名词的单复数,(1)Dr Smith is going to pull out one of my _.(86,全国,)A.teeth B.tooth C.teeths D.toothes,(2)_turn green in spring.(86,全国,)A.Leaf B.Leafs C.Leave D.Leaves(3)_will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.,A.The Evens B.The Evens (93,上海,),C.The Evenses D.The Evenses,当可数名词的数大于一时要用复数形式。,特殊用法,A,D,C,一般情况,加,-s,1.,清辅音后读,/s/,map-map,s,book-book,s,2.,浊辅音和元音后读,/z/,bag-bag,s,car-car,s,名词复数的,规则变化,(1),以,s,sh,ch,x,等结尾的词,加,-es,读,/iz/,bus-bus,es,watch-watch,es,但如果以,ch,结尾的名词发音为,k,时，只加,s,。,stomach stomach,s,读,/s/,以,ce,se,ze,(d)ge,等结尾的词,加,-s,es,读,/iz/,bridge-bridge,s,exercise-exercise,s,名词复数的,规则变化,(2),以,y,结尾的专有名词,，或,元音字母,+y,结尾的名词变复数时，直接加,-s,变复数：,读,/z/,two Mary,s,the Henry,s,monkey-monkey,s,holiday-holiday,s,以,辅音字母,+y,结尾的词,变,y,为,i,再加,es,ies,读,/iz/,party-part,ies,baby-bab,ies,名词复数的,规则变化,(3),以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词变复数时：,a.,加,-s,读,/s/,roof-roof,s,一个首领,(,chief,),带着一个农奴,(,serf,),在海湾,(,gulf,),的悬崖,(,cliff),上发现一个屋顶,(,roof,),上面有个保险箱,(,safe,),。,b.,去,f,fe,加,-ves,half-hal,ves,knife-kni,ves,读,/vz/,leaf-lea,ves,wolf-wol,ves,life-li,ves,thief-thie,ves,c.,均可,handkerchief-handkerchief,s,/handkerchie,ves,hoof-hoof,s,/hoo,ves,名词复数的,规则变化,(4),a tomato,some tomato,es,some potato,es,some hero,es,名词复数的,规则变化,(5),辅音字母,+o,结尾，加,es,读,/z/,但,piano,photo,kilo,tobacco,加,s,元音字母,+o,结尾，加,s,读,/z/radio-radio,s,foot-,feet,child-,children,tooth-,teeth,mouse-,mice,名词复数的不规则变化,(1),goose-,geese,ox,-oxen,man-m,e,n,woman-wom,e,n,m,e,n doctor,s,wom,e,n teacher,s,one sheep,two,sheep,a Chinese,two,Chinese,a Japanese,several,Japanese,名词复数的不规则变化,(2):,单复数形式相同,one fish,一条鱼,fish,es,不同种类的鱼各种各样的鱼,three,fish,三条鱼,some fish,一些鱼肉,可数名词,不可数名词,deer-,deer,means-,means,series-,series,species-,species,works-,works,（工厂）,Some _ visited our school last Wednesday.,A,German B,Germen,C,Germans D,Germens,国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：,1,、单复数同形：,Chinese;Japanese;Swiss,2,、需要变形：,English-Englishman,3,、加,s,或,-es,：,German Germans,详见下表。,1.6,不同国家的人的单复数,名称 总称,(,谓语用复数）一个人 两个人,中国人,the Chinese,a Chinese,two Chinese,瑞士人,the Swiss,a Swiss,two Swiss,澳大利亚人,the Australians,an Australian two Australians,俄国人,the Russians,a Russian,two Russians,意大利人,the Italians,an Italian,two Italians,希腊人,the Greek,a Greek,two Greeks,法国人,the French,a Frenchman,two Frenchmen,日本人,the Japanese,a Japanese,two Japanese,美国人,the Americans,an American,two Americans,印度人,the Indians,an Indian,two Indians,加拿大人,the Canadians,a Canadian,two Canadians,德国人,the Germans,a German,two Germans,英国人,the English,an Englishman,two Englishmen,瑞典人,the Swedish,a Swede,two Swedes,_ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.(1993,上海,),A.The EvensB.The Evens,C.The EvensesD.The Evenses,专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如：,-Who did you spend last weekend with?,-_.(98,上海,),A PalmersB The Palmers,C The PalmersD The Palmers,Mr Smith has two _,both of whom are teachers in a school.,A,brothers-in-lawB,brother-in-laws,C,brothers-in-lawsD,brothers-in law,以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：,managers-in-chief;fathers-in-law,。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加,s,。如：,grown-ups,。,可数名词与不可数名词,的修饰语及转换,1.I need_ cloth,for Im hoping to make _clothes.(93,上海,)A.a lot of;many B.much;much C.many;many D.many;a lot 2.We waited _ for the bus.(95,全国,)A.long time B.a long time C.the long time D.some long time3._work has been done to improve the peoples living standard.(85,全国,)A.,Many,B.A great many,C.A large number of D.A great deal of4.The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that,we took _pictures of them.(03,上海,)A.many of B.masses of C.the number of D.a large amount of5.We have only a sofa,a table and a bed in our new apartment.We need to,buy _ more furniture.(05,上海春,)A.any B.many C.little D.some,A,B,D,B,D,6.I hear_ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time,though others prefer basketball.(2006,辽宁,)A.quite a lot B.quite a few C.quite a bit D.quite a little7.We always keep _ spare paper,in case we ran out.(2006,浙江,)A.too much B.a number of C.plenty of D.a good many8.Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today.(96),A.a knowledge B.knowledges C.knowledge D.the knowledge,B,C,1.,有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以有复数形式。如，,fishes,fruits,teas,all,weathers,。,2.,有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时，是可数名词。如,shame/pity(,憾事,),interest(,乐事,),pleasure(,乐事,),surprise(,意外事,),disappointment(,令人失望的,人或事,),success(,成功的人或事,),difficulty(,难事,),help(,帮手,),等。,A,不可数名词与可数名词的转换,3.,表示“一场,/,段,/,件,/,种,”,时，要用,a,或,an,，此时多有形容词或,of,短语修饰。,如，,a fine rain(,一阵细雨,),a heavy snow(,一场大雪,),a long time(,很长一段时间,),。,4.,表示“一杯,/,罐,/,瓶”的,tea,coffee,drink,beer,等，可以用,a(n),或数词修饰，也