呼吸系统疾病-猪肺炎支原体

,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Respiratory Disease,Mycoplasma,hyopneumoniae,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,Bob Morrison DVM,MBA,PhD,Swine Group,University of Minnesota,明尼苏达大学,Mycoplasma,hyopneumoniae,猪肺炎支原体,Transmission is primarily by direct contact with carrier swine.,传播的主要途径是与病原携带猪的直接接触。,Airborne transmission possible,经呼吸道传播使感染成为可能,Any age pig is susceptible to infection.,所有日龄的猪都易感。,Maintained in herds by sow(primarily parity 1,2)to suckling pig contact.,在猪群中通过母猪（主要是第一、二产次母猪）与哺乳仔猪,接触导致其持续存在。,Primary clinical problem is in growing pigs,3 to 6 months old,主要临床问题出现在3到6月龄的生长猪群身上,Mycoplasma,hyopneumoniae,猪肺炎支原体,Long incubation period 10 to 16 weeks,长潜伏期10-16周,Slow spread,缓慢传播,Large numbers present in the early stages of disease,大量的病例出现于疾病的早期阶段。,Disease onset is gradual coughing for weeks to months,疾病的发病是渐进性的咳嗽可持续数周到数月,Disease course is markedly affected by concurrent or secondary infections,疾病的进程明显受并发或继发感染的影响,High variation in virulence,病原毒力差异很大,What does,M.hyopneumoniae,do?,猪肺炎支原体有什么影响？,Colonizes tracheal epithelium,病原定居于气管上皮细胞,Destroys cilia in,tracheobronchi,interferes with clearance mechanisms,摧毁气管、支气管上皮的纤毛，干扰气管的清除机制,Interferes with macrophage activity,干扰了巨噬细胞活性,Mononuclear,peribronchial,infiltration,单核细胞在支气管周围浸润,Produces lesions of pneumonia,造成肺炎的病变,May be severe in susceptible animals,对易感动物可能有严重后果,Produces slight,ADG,导致猪平均日增重的轻微下降,Allows bacterial,superinfections,-,Pasteurella,Strep,Actinobacillus,易发生细菌的双重感染巴氏杆菌、链球菌、放线菌,Immunohistochemical,stain,免疫组化染色,Diagnosis,诊断,Gross lesions in lungs,肺部的眼观病变,well-demarcated,anteroventral,especially early in disease(7-28 days),界线分明、前腹叶、特别是在病变早期,Histopathology,组织病理学,Specific and recognizable lesions,特异性和可辨识的病变,Distinguish from SIV,与猪流感相区别,Detection of organism by PCR,frozen section FA,immunohistochemistry,culture,通过聚合酶链式反应检测病原、冰冻切片的荧光抗体检测、免疫组织化学、病原培养,Serology,血清学,Mhyp,Histopathology,组织病理学,Diagnosis,诊断,Culture is difficult,培养困难,Fastidious,contamination by other,Mycoplasma,sp.,对培养要求苛刻，易受其他支原体的污染,High sensitivity in the early stages of disease,在疾病的早期阶段有高灵敏度,Organism numbers decline over the course of the disease,病原数量在整个疾病过程中都在逐步下降,PCR nested,vs,non-nested,聚合酶链式反应套式与非套式,Routine,rapid,常规、快速（检验）,Tracheobronchial,swabs or lung,lavage,支气管沾取物或肺部灌洗物,Not upper respiratory tract,nasal swabs less sensitive,不要用上呼吸道采样，鼻拭出物敏感性较差,Positive results correlated with,阳性结果与以下因素有关,Presence of clinical signs,lung lesions,eventual,seroconversion,临床特征的存在、肺部病变、最终的血清学变化,Immunoflurescence,免疫荧光,Diagnosis,诊断,Serology is a measure of response to natural infection or vaccination,血清学检验结果是衡量机体对自然感染或疫苗免疫应答的标准,Mycoplasma,hyopneumoniae,Serology,猪肺炎支原体的血清学,Serum antibody,血清抗体,Delayed and variable,seroconversion,2 to 8 wks post-infection,延迟和产生血清学变化，感染后2到8周,ELISA,酶联免疫吸附,Tween,20 ELISA,吐温20酶联免疫吸附,Whole cell membrane protein antigen,全细胞膜表面蛋白抗原,Cross-reactions with non-pathogenic,M.,flocculare,与无致病性的絮状支原体有交叉反应,Antibodies peak 5-7 weeks post infection.,Seropositive,1 year later(25%at 8-12 months),抗体高峰出现在感染后5-7周，1年后仍呈血清学阳性（有25保持8-12个月）,DAKO ELISA DAKO,酶联免疫吸附,Monoclonal antibody,species-specific,epitope,74,kD,protein antigen,支原体抗体，种属特异性的长度为74,kD,的单抗原决定簇蛋白抗原,Higher specificity,高度特异性,Both have unexpected/false positive results,都有出现非预期/假阳性结果的可能,Repeated serological tests,clinical signs,lesions at necropsy or slaughter,.,重复血清学检验、临床症状、剖检或屠宰中发现的病变,Evaluating prevalence,流行状况的评估,Slaughter checks,屠宰检查,check approximately 30 pigs,检查约30头猪,as near as possible to 180 days,尽可能接近180日龄的猪,at approximately same age,在日龄基本相近的猪身上,Cough index,咳嗽的观察,observe 2 pens or 40 pigs,观察两栏或40头猪,observe for 5 minutes,观察5分钟,always same time of day,总在一天的同一时间观察,count coughs/minute,记算每分钟咳嗽次数,recognize that cough indicates onset of pneumonia,not infection and that cough does not give etiologic differentiation,辨别咳嗽是肺炎初起的反应、非感染性咳嗽和无法给出病原的咳嗽间的区别,Bacterium profile,细菌学剖面,Use PCR from nasal swabs,用聚合酶链式反应分辩鼻拭出物的细菌,Recognize that positive pigs may not be sick or infectious,要认识到阳性猪可能并没有该病或被感染,Respiratory Disease Complex,呼吸系统病的复合感染,M,hyo,肺炎支原体,plus commonly detected bacteria,其他通常检出菌,P.,multocida,H,parasuis,S,suis,Actinomyces,etc.,多杀性巴氏杆菌、嗜血杆菌、链球菌、放线杆菌等,plus commonly detected viruses,其他通常检出病毒,PRRS,PCV-2,Influenza,PRCV,etc.,蓝耳病、猪圆环病毒型、流感、伪狂犬病毒等,Lung from a pig with porcine respiratory disease complex due to PRRSV,M.,hyo,.,and P.,multocida,由蓝耳病病毒、肺炎支原体和,多杀性巴氏杆菌导致的猪呼吸道病复合感染猪的肺部,Respiratory Disease Complex,呼吸系统病的复合感染,Essentially a delayed presentation of,mycoplasma,必然推迟支原体的疾病表现,Usually seen in late finishing stages,通常出现在育成猪阶段的后期,This complicated form is more severe than uncomplicated enzootic pneumonia,有复合感染的情形远较非复合性感染的地方性流行性肺炎,Treatment and control are difficult,治疗和控制都很困难,Vaccinate sows,疫苗免疫母猪,Vaccinate pigs for M,hyo,肺炎支原体疫苗免疫猪,Gilt acclimation,ensure that gilts have high immunity and low shedding,后备母猪的环境适应，确保后备母猪有高免疫力和低散毒率。,Serology,血清学,Serology is a measure of immune response either natural or vaccine induced.It does not predict protective effects.,血清学检验结果是衡量免疫应答的标准不论是自然感染还是疫苗诱导。但是它并不能预期疫苗的保护效果,