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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar:Relative clauses,Language,Language,Language,Relative clauses,定语从句,定语从句的概念：由关系词引导的句子修饰一个名词或代词，这个句子就叫定语从句。,先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后面。,关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词（如：,that,which,who,whom,whose,）关系副词（如：,when,where,why,等）,Its the same actor(who/that)we saw at the theatre.,定语从句,actor,先行词,关系词,who/that,关系代词和关系副词一方面起连接作用，一,方面起指代作用，代替先行词在定语从句中,担任句子成分。,观察下列句子，归纳定语从句,中,关系代词,的用法。,1.Its the same actor,(who/that)we saw at the theatre,.(P7),这就是我们在剧院见到的那个演员。,2.Forty percent said money or a thing,(which/that)they want to own,.(P7),百分之四十的人说钱或者他们想拥有的一件东西。,3.We can supply you with everything,(that)you need,.(P7),我们能为你提供你所需要的一切。,4.The person,with whom I share the flat,has not come back.(P7),跟我分享一个套间的人还没有回来。,5.The topic,in which Michael is most interested,is pop music.(P7),迈克尔最感兴趣的主题是流行音乐。,梳理（一）：,关系代词,that,who,which,在定语从句中作主语,1,先行词表示“人”时，关系代词用,who/that,，,who/that,在定语从句中作主语。例如：,Some teachers believe that children who watch too,many TV commercials will care more about money,or owning things.(P2),2,先行词表示“物”时，关系代词用,which/that,which/that,在定语从句中作主语。例如：,In the USA,there are vending machines which sell,CDs.,（,P4,）,梳理（二）：关系代词,that,who,which,在定语从,句中作宾语,先行词表示“人”时，关系代词用,who/that/whom,。,who/that/whom,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。,例如：,Its the same actor(,who/that/whom)we saw at,the theatre,.,提示：如果先行词是定语从句谓语的介词宾语，,可以把介词放在关系代词的前面，这时关系代词,只能用,which,（表示“物”）或,whom,（表示“人”），,而且不能省略。形成“介词,+which/whom”,的结构。,观察下列句子，归纳定语从句,中,关系代词,whose,的用法。,1.The people,whose cars were damaged,complained to the police.(P8),车被损坏的人们向警方投诉。,2.Tina is someone,whose courage I admire,.(P8),我钦佩蒂娜的勇气。,梳理（三）关系代词,whose,在定语从句中做定语,whose,表示所属关系，先行词可以是表示“人”,或“物”的名词，关系代词,whose,在定语从句中作定语，后面要加名词。例如：,The boy,whose father is our headmaster,studies,hard.,父亲是我们校长的那个男孩学习很努力。,(2)The house,whose windows face south,is very,beautiful.,窗户朝南的房子很漂亮。,观察下列句子，归纳定语从句,中,关系副词,where,和,when,的用法。,1.The house,where I used to live,has been knocked down.(P8),我过去一直居住的房子已经,被,拆了。,2.Do you remember the time,when we all went to the beach,?(P8),你记得我们所有人去海边的日子吗？,观察下列句子，归纳定语从句,中,关系副词,where,和,when,的用法。,3.The reason,why I cant go,is that I dont have the time.(P8),我不能去的原因是我没有时间。,4.Do you remember the day,on which we met for the first time,?(P8),你记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？,梳理（四）：关系副词,when,where,why,在定,语从句中作状语,关系副词,when,where,why,引导的定语从句，分别表示时间，地点和原因，在句子中作状语。例如：,The house,where I used to live,has been knocked down.,我以前住的那间房子已经被推到了。,（先行词,house,表示,“,地点,”,）,Do you remember the time,when we all went to,the beach,?,你记得我们都去海滩的时间吗？,（先行词,time,表示“时间”）,The reason,why I cant go,is that I dont have,the time.,我不能去的理由是我没有时间。,（先行词是,reason,时，关系副词常用,why,）,观察下列句子，归纳哪些情况下,关系代词,只能,用,that,1.This is,the tallest,building,that,they have built,.,这是他们建过的最高的建筑。,2.We sat in,the last,seat,that,had been repaired,.,我们坐在之前给修理过的最后一个座位上。,观察下列句子，归纳哪些情况下,关系代词,只能,用,that,3.He told me many interesting,things and people,that,we had never heard,.,他告诉我们许多之前从来没有听说过的人和事。,4.,Everything,that,he told me,is not true.,他告诉我的每一件事情都不是真的。,（五）通常只能用,that,的情况,先行词是表示“物”的名词时，关系代词可用,that,或,which,。但在下列情况下，一般用,that,：,1.,先行词前面有形容词最高级修饰时。例如：,This is the tallest building,that they have built,.,2.,先行词前面有序数词或表示“唯一”意义的形容词（如,the only,the last,the very,等）修饰时。例如：,This is the first flag,that we raised in,Tiananmen,Square,.,3.,先行词为不定代词时。如,all,much,little,nothing,something,anything,everything,等。例如：,All,that we need,is to buy enough food.,You should tell him everything,that you have known,.,4.,含有既表示人又表示物的两个或两个以上的先行词时。例如：,He told me many interesting things and people,that we had never heard,.,The sweets which supermarket staff put,close to the checkout sell well.,Work in pairs.S1 gives S2 the information.S2 repeats it using relative clauses with the relative pronouns as the objects.,2.S1 The sweets sell well.Supermarket staff put them close to the checkout.(which),S2 _,_,3.S1 The lecture was about money management.We attended it.(that),S2 _,_,The lecture that we attended was,about money management.,4.S1 The patient has got better.The doctor,treated him for a cold.(whom),S2 _,_,5.S1 The young lady is our English teacher.,I spoke to her.(who),S2 _,_,6.S1 The article was about a common,problem among teenagers.We read it in,the newspaper.(which),S2 _,The patient whom the doctor,treated for a cold has got better.,The young lady who I spoke to is our,English teacher.,The article which we read in the newspaper,was about a common problem among teenagers.,B Relative clauses with,whose,.,Whose,has a possessive meaning.,It usually relates to a person.,The people,whose cars were damaged,complained to the police.,(,Their,cars were damaged.),whose,起所有格的作用,表示,”,的,”,.,We often use,where,after nouns like,place,house,street,country,.,We often use,when,after nouns like,time,moment,day,summer,.,We use,why,after,reason,.,C Relative clause with,where,when,and,why,The house,where I used to,live has been,knocked down.,Do you remember the time,when we all,went to the beach,?,The reason,why I cant go,is that I dont,have the time.,The house,(that)I used to live in,has,been knocked down.,Do you
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