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专题六 句型运用,(一)命题趋势,句型转换题常有两种形式。一种形式是要求考生在各题,B,句的每个空格里写上一个单词,使句子意思与,A,句相近;另一种形式是句型间的转换。结合近几年的考题,今后的命题趋势为:,1.,注重对深层次的理解,句型转换在中考试题中属于语法性强的题型,为了避免学生死记硬背语法规则,出题人会变该题型的基础性、典型性和单一性为多样性、复杂性和综合性。,2.,题量与分值趋向减少,如广东中考题中句型转换与完成句子的小题数由原来的,10,道减少到,8,道,分值由原来的,20,分减少到,16,分。,3.,重点考查学生对一些重要短语、句型的熟练程度和它们之间的相互转换。,4.,所考查的知识点都依纲扣本,突出了学生所学知识的重点和难点,源于课本,注重能力的训练。,【,突破妙招,】,1.,加强对课本知识点的理解和学习,做到灵活运用,举一反 三。,2.,在学习过程中注意新旧知识的联系,以旧带新,构建知识 体系。,3.,系统训练,强化巩固。例如:,(,1,)肯定句变否定句训练;,(,2,)肯定句转化为疑问句训练;,(,3,)同义句转换训练。,(二)句型转换的题型,1.,肯定句变否定句或一般疑问句,(1)Miss,Gao,came into the classroom.,(改为否定句),Miss,Gao,_ into the classroom.(2)Davids mother works in a shop.,(改为一般疑问句),_ Davids mother _ in a shop?,答案:,(1)didnt come (2)Does;work,【,解题技巧,】,(,1,)变否定句的规律:,如果句子的谓语含有助动词(,be,will/shall,have/has,),其否定形式便是在这些助动词后加,not,。,如果句子的谓语含有情态动词(,can,,,may,,,must,等),其否定形式是直接在情态动词后加,not,。,如果句子的谓语是实义动词,变为否定形式时要加助动词,do/does/did,的否定形式。用了助动词后,其后面的谓语动词要用原形。,(,2,)变一般疑问句的规律:,如果句子的谓语含有助动词(,be,will/shall,have/has,),,若改为一般疑问句便是把这些助动词提到主语的前面,若主,语为第一人称,要把第一人称换成第二人称。,如果句子的谓语含有情态动词(,can,,,may,,,must,等),,若改为一般疑问句便是把这些情态动词提到主语的前面,若,主语为第一人称,要把第一人称换成第二人称。,如果句子的谓语是实义动词,若变为一般疑问句,要加助,动词,do/does/did,。用了助动词后,其后面的谓语动词要用,原形,若主语为第一人称,要把第一人称换成第二人称。,2.,对画线部分提问,(1)There are,three,people in my family.,_ people are there in your family?,(2)My uncle stayed in Beijing,for a week,.,_ did your uncle stay in Beijing?,答案:,(1)How many (2)How long,【,解题技巧,】,对句子的画线部分进行提问时先确定特殊疑问词,常见的结构有:,(,1,),特殊疑问词(不作主语)一般疑问句语序。,What do you want?,你要什么?,When did you get up this morning?,你今早什么时候起床的?,(,2,)特殊疑问词(作主语)陈述句语序。,Who is dancing over there?,谁在那边跳舞?,Which is yours?,哪个是你的?,3.,改为同义句,(1)Li was born in 1993.So was Li Lei.,Li is _old _ Li Lei.,(2)Mr.Smith took a bus to work last year.,Mr.Smith _ by bus last year.,答案:,1.as;as 2.went to work,【,解题技巧,】,所谓同义句转换,是指用不同的词汇、短语及句型表示相同或相近的意思。它是中考命题的一大热点。现将常见的同义句型转换形式归纳如下,希望对同学们的中考复习有所帮助。,(,1,)用同义词(组)或近义词(组)改写,The children are wearing beautiful clothes.,The children are _ beautiful clothes.,Mr.Smith is working.,Mr.Smith is _.,答案:,in at work,简析:,英语中有不少同义、近义词(组),在平时的学习中要注意归纳总结。,(,2,),用反义词(组)改写,Chinese is more popular than Japanese.,Japanese is _ popular _ Chinese.,The runner couldnt catch up with the others in the race.,The runner _ _ the others in the race.,答案:,less,;,than fell behind,简析:,此类转换应注意有时需要改变主语的位置,并注意归纳总结反义词(组)。,4.,改为同义句,(1)Ann spent two weeks getting ready for the exams.,It _ Ann two weeks to _ ready for the exams.,(2)She spent 30 dollars on the English-Chinese dictionary.,The English-Chinese dictionary _ 30 dollars.,答案:,(,1,),took,;,get,(,2,),cost her,简析:,此类转换题必须弄清每个句型的构成特点,注意句型的固定搭配。例如:,give sb.,sth,.,与,give,sth,.to sb.,的转换,,spend some time(in)doing,sth,./on,sth,.,与,It takes sb.some time to do,sth,.,的转换等。,5.,两句并一句转换为简单句,(,1,),Jim doesnt like noodles,and Jack doesnt,either.,_ Jim _ Jack likes noodles.,(,2,),Mrs.Smith is my teacher.She is also my good friend.,Mrs.Smith is _ _ my teacher _ _ my good friend.,答案:,(,1,),Neither,;,nor,(,2,),not only,;,but also,简析:,英语中常用“,not onlybut also”,,,eitheror”,,“,neithernor”,,“,bothand”,等连词把两个意义相关的简单句合并成一个简单句。解题过程中要注意连词的选用和主谓一致原则。除此之外,还可用“,tooto”,,“,enough to”,等把两个简单句合并成另一简单句。例如:,Tom is young.He cant go to school.,Tom is too young to go to school.,6.,用派生词或多义词改写,The snow was heavy last night.,It _ _ last night.,答案:,snowed heavily,简析:,句中名词,snow,和形容词,heavy,转化成了动词,snowed,和副词,heavily,。,7.,并列句与复合句互换,Go on planting trees for two more years and the hill will be covered with green trees.If we go on planting trees,the hill will _ _ in two,_.,答案:,turn green,;,years,简析:,含有祈使句的并列句,可转化为含,if,条件句的复合句。,8.,简单句与复合句的互变,Do you know how you can get the kite down from the tree?Do you know _ _ get the kite down from the tree?,答案:,how to,简析:,复合句转化为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组,使句意简单明了。常见的转换方法有:(,1,)用不定式、介词短语、名词短语、分词性短语替换;(,2,)将宾语从句简化为“疑问词,+,不定式”;(,3,)将含有“,sothat/such that”,的复合句简化为含有“,tooto/enough to”,的简单句;(,4,),if,引导的状语从句简化为“祈使句,,and/or+,句子”。,9.,主动语态与被动语态互换,The farmers use tractors for farm work.,Tractors _ _ for farm work.,答案:,are used,简析:,当作主语的人或物是动作的承受者时,谓语动词用被动语态。注意掌握被动语态的构成。,10.,直接宾语与间接宾语位置互换,His mother bought him a new pen.,His mother bought a new pen _ him.,答案:,for,简析:,如果将表示物的直接宾语放在及物动词后面,则表示人的间接宾语前要加介词。,11.,感叹句相互转换,That is a delicious cake.,_ delicious that cake is!,_ a delicious cake that is!,答案:,How;What,简析:,感叹形容词或副词时用,how,,感叹名词时用,what,。,(三)句子翻译题,【,解题技巧,】,要明确命题意图,做到有的放矢。一般说来,句子翻译都有明显的考查意图,要么是考查某个词的用法或习惯表达,要么是考查某个句型的结构或搭配,或者是考查某条语法规则的具体运用等。在做题时若能明确命题者的考查意图,那么便可加强做题的针对性,从而做到有的放矢。,要注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。由于历史、文化等方面的原因,英汉两种语言在用词选句等方面有许多不同之处,这一点考生一定要给予足够的重视,千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。例如:汉语中常说“希望,/,建议,/,拒绝某人做某事”,但英语习惯上却不用,hope/suggest/refuse sb.to do,sth,.;,汉语中的“红茶”,在英语中是,black tea,,而不是对应地说成,red tea,;汉语的“踢足球”和“打篮球”,分别要用“踢”和“打”,且习惯上不能替换(即不说“打足球”和“踢篮球”),但在英语中既不用,kick(,踢,),也不用,beat(,打,),,却通用一个,play,。所有这些方面的基础语法知识和习惯用法,同学们在复习应考过程中都要特别注意。,不要逐字翻译。不少同学在做翻译练习中往往有逐字翻,译的习惯。例如:当他要翻译“他年龄很大”这样一个极为简,单的句子时,他往往会逐字译为,His age is very big.,,而不是,正确地译为,He is old.,。又如:要翻译“我工作很忙”,他不是,正确地译为,Im busy.,,而是逐字译为,My work is very busy.,所有这些问题考生在复习应考中都要予以充分重视。由于句,子翻译一般采用翻译填空的形式,也就是说被填空的句子在,句法结构或表达形式等方面已有了一定的限制,所以考生在,做这类题时不仅要注意所
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