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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语态,英语语法复习系列课件,十二、语态,考点一 被动语态的应用,语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。,一、各种时态的被动语态,被动语态由“主语,+be+,及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。,结构,例句,一般现在时：,主语,+am/is/are+,过去分词,The classroom,is cleaned,every day.,教室每天都打扫。,一般过去时：,主语,+was/were+,过去分词,Our school,was built,in 1998.,我们的学校在,1998,年建造。,一般将来时：,主语,+shall/,will+be,+,过去分词,The sports meeting,will be held,tomorrow.,运动会明天举行。,现在进行时：,主语,+am/is/are+being+,过去分词,The car,is being repaired,.,这辆汽车正在修理中。,过去进行时：,主语,+was/were+being+,过去分词,The machine,was being,painted,then.,那时那台机器正在上油漆。,结构,例句,现在完成时：,主语,+has/have+been+,过去分词,The bank,has been built,.,银行已经建成了。,过去完成时：,主语,+had+been+,过去分词,I,had been invited,to visit Japan before I came here.,在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。,过去将来时：主语,+should/,would+be,+,过去分词,Ann told me she,would be sent,to America.,安告诉我她将被派往美国。,含有情态动词的被动语态：主语,+,情态动词,+be+,过去分词,The bike,cant be put,here.,这辆自行车不能被放在这里。,二、主动语态变被动语态的方法,第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。,第二步：把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。,第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词,be+,及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。,第四步：把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词,by,的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。,考点二 被动语态的几种特殊形式,1.,主动句中感官动词,see/hear/watch/feel,等和使役动词,make/let/have,等后跟省略,to,的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号,to,。例如：,We saw an alien get out of the UFO.,An alien,was seen to get,out of the UFO.,【,温馨提示,】,后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。,对比：,We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room.,Jim,was heard playing,the guitar in his room.,2.,谓语动词后接双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）时，,（,1,）把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。例如：,He,gave,me a new book.,间接宾语 直接宾语,I was given a new book by him.,(2),把直接宾语变主语，间接宾语不变。例如：,He,gave,me a new book.,间接宾语 直接宾语,A new book,was given to me by him.,3.,句中谓语是动词短语时，变为被动语态时要注意其,完整性。,Jack,turned on,the TV just now.,The TV,was turned on,by Jack just now.,4.,带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。例如：,Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once.,We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher.,5.,主动表被动,(1)feel,look,sound,smell,taste,等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。例如：,The dishes smell so delicious.,菜闻起来真香。,Your idea sounds better.,你的主意听起来更好。,(2),有些动词，如,sell,cut,drive,wash,clean,write,open,lock,等，作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。例如：,Books of,Harry Potter,sell well.,哈利,波特,系列的书很畅销。,My pen writes smoothly.,我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。,(3),sth,.need/want/require doing,相当于,sth,.need/want/require to be done(,不定式的被动结构,),。例如：,Your room needs cleaning.=Your room needs to be cleaned.,你的房间需要打扫了。,(4)be worth doing(,值得做,),中的,doing,表示被动含义。,The movie is worth watching by everyone.,这部电影值得所有人看一看。,6.,不用被动语态的情况,(1),系动词、不及物动词或某些动词短语没有被动语态。,例如：,come true;fall asleep;keep quiet;take place,等；,(2),主动句的宾语是不定式或,doing,时不能用作被动语态的主语；,(3),反身代词或,each other,不能作被动语态的主语。,7.,被动语态与系表结构的区别,“,be+p.p.”,表示动作时是被动语态；“,be+p.p.”,表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。,(1),含有“,by+,宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。例如：,The window is broken.,窗户坏了。（系表结构）,The window is broken by me.,窗户是我打破的。（被动语态）,(2),句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。例如：,The door was closed.,门是关着的。（系表结构）,The door was closed at 9:00.,九点钟关的门。（被动语态）,(3),系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。例如：,Were worried about the boy.,我们担心那个男孩。,(4),系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。例如：,Im really surprised at the news.,我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。,(5),系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。,单项选择,1.,（,2012,黔西南州中考）,A football match between class two and class three _ tomorrow afternoon.,A.is held B.was held,C.must be held D.will be held,【,解析,】,选,D,。由时间状语,tomorrow afternoon,可知时态为一般将来时，再由主语,A football match,与,hold,之间存在被动关系可知用被动语态，故选,D,。,2.,（,2012,六盘水中考）,Look at that sign.Smoking _ here.,A.isnt allowed B.doesnt allow,C.arent allowed D.dont allow,【,解析,】,选,A,。句意：看那个标识。这儿不准吸烟。,smoking,与,allow,之间存在被动关系，,smoking,是动名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数，故选,A,。,3.,（,2011,重庆中考）,Im glad to find that many trees _ in our city last year.,A.plant B.planted,C.were planted D.are planted,【,解析,】,选,C,。,many trees,与,plant,之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，再由时间状语,last year“,去年”可知时态为一般过去时，故选,C,。,4.(2011,济南中考）,Lets play computer games this evening.,It _ good.,A.sounds B.feels C.tastes D.smells,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查,feel,、,look,、,sound,、,smell,、,taste,等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。句意：,让我们今天晚上玩电脑游戏吧！,听起来好极了。故选,A,。,5.,（,2011,宁波中考）,There was a big earthquake in Japan,but luckily many people _.,A.save B.saved,C.are saved D.were saved,【,解析,】,选,D,。由主语和谓语动词是被动关系可知语态为被动语态，再由“,There was.”,可知是过去时，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，故选,D,。,6.,（,2011,贵阳中考）,Were very glad to know that a great sports meeting _ in,Guiyang,this September.,A.will hold B.will be held,C.will be hold,【,解析,】,选,B,。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“,will be+,动词的过去分词”。故选,B,。,7.,（,2011,兰州中考）,In many places in China,the old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government.,A.is taking good care,B.are taken good care of,C.is taking good care of,D.are taken good care,【,解析,】,选,B,。句意：在中国的许多地方，超过,90,岁的老人不仅被他们的家人好好照顾着，而且也被政府照顾着。,the old“,老人”，指一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故排除,A,、,C,，被动语态中的动作须是及物动词或带介词的不及物动词，故选,B,。,8.,（,2011,呼和浩特中考）,At last the boy was made _ and began to laugh.,A.stop crying B.to stop to cry,C.to stop crying D.stop to cry,【,解析,】,选,C,。句意：最后这个男孩被弄得停止了哭，开始笑了。,make,，,have,，,see,等动词的复合结构在变为被动语态时要把主动语态中省略的,to,还原；,stop doing“,停止做,”,。故选,C,。,9.,（,2012,黄石中考）,You should have to stay behind if your homework _ b
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