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第二部分,语法专题剖析,专题一,名词,2023,年安徽中考英语总复习二轮专题课件,(必考),知识清单,命题点1,名词词义辨析(必考:每年68道),考点透析,名词词义辨析旨在考查学生在具体有意义的语境中运用名词的能力。做题的关键在于读懂语境,理解词义。考查方向为抽象名词词义辨析,(10年38考),和同类名词词义辨析,其中同类名词词义辨析包括:实物类,(10年7考),、地点方位类,(10年6考),、人物类,(10年3考),、自然类,(10年3考),、时间与空间类,(10年3考),、身体类,(10年3考),。,提升训练,1.,(2022包河区一模),Since,the,dumpling,is,in,the,_,of,ancient,Chinese,gold,it,stands,for,wealth,in,our,culture.,A.weight,B.shape,C.colour,D.taste,2.,(2022蜀山区三模),When,you,listen,to,your,teachers,in,class,you,had,better,take,some,_,.,A.notes,B.actions,C.medicine,D.exercise,3.,(2022瑶海区二模),Rachel,we,have,a,free,morning.,What,do,you,want,to,do?,Well,you,re,the,_,on,London,life.,I,need,your,suggestions.,A.expert,B.robot,C.visitor,D.human,4.,(2022合肥模拟),What,does,the,story,of,“Mengzi,s,mother,makes,three,moves”,tell,us?,It,tells,us,the,_,of,study,is,very,important.,A.experience,B.instruction,C.environment,D.information,5.I,have,the,_,of,reading,before,sleeping.,It,has,become,part,of,my,life.,A.advice,B.pressure,C.expression,D.habit,6.About,how,to,achieve,a,balance,between,hobbies,and,schoolwork,Justin,asked,me,for,my,_,.,A.position,B.attention,C.suggestion,D.introduction,命题点2,名词短语(2020.47),考点透析,名词短语为2020年安徽中考的新增考点,在完形填空中进行了考查,因此考生在备考中要注重对名词短语的积累和识记。,1.,名词名词,名词作定语修饰名词时,前一个名词一般为单数或不可数名词,如:tea,art茶艺。但也有名词复数作定语的情况,如:sports,meeting,students,reading,room。注意,man,woman,gentleman等作定语时,其单复数由所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:man,worker,women,scientists。,常见的“名词名词”短语罗列如下:,action,movie,动作影片,animal,world,动物世界,bus,stop,公交车站,computer,games,电脑游戏,country,music,乡村音乐,dining,hall,餐厅,family,member,家庭成员,food,safety,食品安全,football,field,足球场,head,teacher,校长,junk,food,垃圾食品,milk,shake,奶昔,model,plane,飞机模型,parking,lot停车场,police,station,警察局,radio,station,广播站,2.,形容词名词,(2020.47),形容词作定语修饰名词,这种类型的名词短语很常见,,如:American,movies/films美国电影。,常见的“形容词名词”短语罗列如下:,homing,pigeon,信鸽(2020.47),close,friends,密友;亲密的朋友,daily,life,日常生活,free/spare,time,空闲时间,fresh,water,淡水,mobile,phone,移动电话;手机,national,flag,国旗,scientific,research,科学研究,soft,toy,软体玩具;布绒玩具,spoken,English,英语口语,提升训练,7.Every,Chinese,is,quite,excited,and,proud,when,the,_,rises,because,it,shows,their,deep,love,to,the,mother,country.,A.beautiful,sun,B.national,flag,C.white,moon,D.blue,sky,8.What,are,you,going,to,buy?,Some,_,.,Tomorrow,is,Dragon,Boat,Festival.,A.rice,dumplings,B.moon,cakes,C.chocolate,eggs,D.pumpkin,pies,命题点3,名词的数,考点透析,考向1,可数名词,1.,可数名词单数变复数的规则变化表,情况,构成方法,例词,一般情况,加-s,starstars,gift,gifts,invention,inventions,以字母s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词,加-es,busbuses,box,boxes,brush,brushes,watchwatches,特例:,stomachstomachs,情况,构成方法,例词,以字母f或fe结尾的词,变f或fe为v再加-es,leafleaves,wifewives,knifeknives,shelfshelves,thiefthieves,wolfwolves,lifelives,halfhalves,巧记:,妻见小偷架下藏,手拿小刀想杀狼;,谁知落下半片叶,砸在头上一命亡。,以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es,babybabies,citycities,familyfamilies,续表,情况,构成方法,例词,以元音字母加y结尾的词,加-s,daydays,toy,toys,monkey,monkeys,以ce,se,ze,ge等结尾的词,加-s,facefaces,licenselicenses,prizeprizes,orangeoranges,以辅音字母加o结尾的词,若表示有生命的加-es,tomatotomatoes,hero,heroes,potato,potatoes,若表示无生命的加-s,photophotos,pianopianos,zoozoos,续表,2.,可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化表,构成方法,例词,变a为e型,manmen,womanwomen,特例:,German,Germans,human,humans,变oo为ee型,footfeet,tooth,teeth,特例,:,bootboots,单复数形式相同,sheepsheep,fishfish,deer,deer,Chinese,Chinese,JapaneseJapanese,构成方法,例词,在词尾加-ren,childchildren,其他形式,mousemice,常用作复数形式或只有复数形式,noodles,glasses,trousers,thanks,clothes,goods,chopsticks,people,续表,【拓展】,(1)个别以字母,f,或,ef,结尾的词直接加-,s,变成复数形式,如:,roofroofs,(屋顶),chiefchiefs,(首领),beliefbeliefs,(信念),(2),某国人变复数,中国人,Chinese,(单),Chinese,(复),日本人,Japanese,(单),Japanese,(复)英国人,Englishman,(单),Englishmen,(复),法国人,Frenchman,(单),Frenchmen,(复),美国人,American,(单),Americans,(复),口诀:,中日不变英法变,其余后面加-,s,考点2,不可数名词,1.,不可数名词的分类,类别,例词,物质名词,液体,orange橙汁,milk牛奶,water水,wine,酒,coffee,咖啡,juice,果汁,tea,茶,soup,汤,oil油,食物,bread面包,meat肉,自然,soil土壤,sand沙子,wood木头,fire,火,rain,雨,wind,风 snow,雪,ice,冰,weather,天气,材料,paper纸,plastic塑料,silk丝绸,gold金子,cotton棉花,类别,例词,抽象名词,情感,joy高兴,sadness忧伤,学科,math数学,physics物理,geography地理,chemistry化学,概念,advice建议,news消息,knowledge知识,information信息,time时间,music音乐,续表,2.,不可数名词的量化,情况,方法,示例,具体的量,数词/不定冠词(a/an)+表数量的名词+of+不可数名词,a,piece,of,paper一张纸,three,kilos,of,rice,三公斤大米,大概的量,表示量的限定词(用some,,a,little,a,lot,of等表示)+不可数名词,some,water一些水,a,lot,of,money很多钱,(1)不可数名词的多少可以用以下词组来表示:,a,basket,of,一篮,a,box,of,一盒,a,bottle,of,一瓶,a,cup,of,一杯,a,piece,of,一片/张/块,a,pile,of,一堆,(2)不可数名词的量化中量词的数要根据其前的修饰语来确定。如:,a,spoon,of,souptwo,spoons,of,soup,(3)可数名词也可以用量化来表达,需要注意:可数名词的单复数根据实际的数量来确定。如:,a,piece,of,leaftwo,pieces,of,leaves,【拓展】,3.,可数名词和不可数名词的特殊用法,(1)不可数名词用复数的情况,物质名词用来表示不同类别时,可用复数。如:teas各种茶,,fruits各种水果,,fishes各种鱼。,(2)英语中部分名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义不同。如:,名词,chicken,exercise,experience,glass,orange,paper,room,time,wood,work,可数,小鸡,习题,经历,玻璃杯,橘子,文件,房间,倍数,树林,作品,不可数,鸡肉,锻炼,经验,玻璃,橙汁,纸,空间,时间,木材,工作,4.,可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语,(1)只修饰可数名词的修饰语,few几乎没有,a,few少许,several几个,many很多,a,couple,of两个;一对,a,(great/large),number,of许多,a,great/good,many很多,(2)只修饰不可数名词的修饰语,little很少,几乎没有,a,little一点儿,a,good/great,deal,of很多,a,bit,of有一点儿,a,large,amount,of大量的,much很多,(3)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语,some一些,a,lot,of/lots,of很多,all所有的,plenty,of大量的,most大多数的,the,rest,of剩下的,hardly,any几乎没有,提升训练,9.There,are,many,_,in,my,shop.,How,could,I,get,rid,of,them?,Why,don,t,you,keep,a,cat,in,the,shop?,A.mice,B.mouse,C.a,mouse,D.the,mice,10.I,d,like,some,_,for,supper,today.,Go,to,the,supermarket,and,buy,a,.,.,home.,A.fishes;,fish,B.fish;,fish,C.fishes;,fishes,D.fish;,fishes,11.What,can,I,do,for,you?,I,d,like,two,_,.,A.bottle,of,orange,B.bottles,of,orange,C.bottle,of,oranges,D.bottles,of,oranges,12.Many,foreigners,came,to,our,school,last,week,including,three,_,and,four,.,.,.,A.Germans;,Englishmans,B.Germen;,Englishmen,C.Germans;,Englishmen,D.Germen;,Englishmans,13.I,prefer,to,see,_,because,I,think,they,may,be,gentle,and,patient,enough.,A.women,doctor,B.woman,doctor,C.woman,doctors,D.women,doctors,命题点4,名词所有格(近10年未考),考点透析,1.,s所有格,类型,构成方法,示例,有生命的名词(人或动物),在词尾加,s,Tom,s,book,the,dog,s,ears,the,hero,s,name,以s,es结尾的复数名词只加,the,students,desks,the,workers,tools,the,teachers,office,不以(e)s结尾的复数名词加,s,men,s,clothes,Women,s,Day,Children,s,Day,类型,构成方法,示例,表示时间、距离、国家等名词,单数加,s,China,s,development,复数加,three,hours,drive,表示几个人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加,s,Lily,and,Lisa,s,room莉莉和丽萨的房间,表示每个人各自拥有,在每个名词后加,s,John,s,and,Susan,s,fathers约翰的父亲和苏珊的父亲,续表,【拓展】,表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在表示职业的名词或姓氏后加上,s代表场所。如:,a,tailor,s,裁缝铺,a,barber,s,理发店,a,doctor,s,诊所,my,sister,s,我姐姐的家,a,stationer,s,文具店,Chaplin,s,卓别林的家,2.,of,所有格,(1)表示无生命的事物的名词一般用of所有格。如:the,use,of,water,水的用途,(2)of所有格有时也可以用于表示人或有生命的东西的所属关系,特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语时。如:the,name,of,the,brave,young,man这个勇敢的年轻人的名字,3.,双重所有格,双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,有两种形式:,(1)of+,s所有格,如:a,photo,of,my,brother,s 我弟弟的一张照片,(2)of+名词性物主代词,如:a,new,friend,of,mine 我的一个新朋友,【拓展】of所有格与双重所有格的区别。如:,This,is,a,photo,of,my,father.,这是我父亲的一张照片。,(照片上的人就是我父亲),This,is,a,photo,of,my,father,s.,这是我父亲的一张照片。,(照片为我父亲所拥有,但照片上的人不一定是我父亲本人),提升训练,14.How,far,is,your,home,from,the,train,station?,It,s,about,20,_,walk.,A.minute,B.minutes,C.minute,s,D.minutes,15.,_,Day,is,coming.,I,will,give,my,Chinese,maths,English,teachers,some,flowers.,A.Teacher,B.Teachers,C.Teacher,s,D.Teachers,16.Mr.,Smith,is,a,foreign,teacher,_,a,university,in,China.,A.to,B.on,C.for,D.of,17.,_,brothers,are,at,the,top,of,the,mountain.,They,are,waving,their,hands.,A.Lucy,and,Lily,B.Lucy,and,Lily,s,C.Lucy,s,and,Lily,D.Lucy,s,and,Lily,s,18.I,broke,my,piano,so,it,is,now,being,repaired,by,a,friend,of,_,.,He,is,a,great,pianist.,A.my,father,B.my,fathers,C.father,s,D.my,father,s,
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