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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Abstract,in Scientific Writing,-by Zhang Chen and Li Yapeng,How to write,CONTENTS,What is the abstract,Why do we need to write a abstract,How to write a good abstract,Problems that may be encountered in writing an abstract,What is the abstract,What is the abstract,why do we need to write an abstract,We always read a paper in this order:,A good abstract makes people understand the main idea of the paper.Of course,a nice abstract can raise peoples interests in reading the whole paper.,why do we need to write an abstract,Some data libraries only provide the abstract of papers,so writing a brief and independent abstract is necessary.By reading your abstract,people can get your idea instantly.Abstract is written after you finish the whole research,to some degree,its a summary of your work.,When you submit a paper,other parts in Chinese,however,English abstract is necessary.,How to write a good abstract,Title:,Development of the unpowered diving and floating prediction system for deep manned submersible JIAOLONG“,Abstract:,In,this 5,000m depth class sea trials test of the JIAOLONG deep manned submer-sible,dive No.44 has realized the fully unpowered,From the perspective of the content,diving and floating condition and this set of test data provide a valuable source for model improve-ment.,In,this paper,this set of test data is analysed,in detail and the previous,analytical model,is im-proved,through the introduction of a variable vo-lume,compressed rate for the deep manned sub-mersible during the whole process of diving and floating.,A,computer software is developed for the prediction of the unpowered diving and floating movement.,This could lay a good foundation for the 7 000m sea trials planned in 2012 and for the future applications.,The information in an Abstract is condensed because of the summarizing nature.There is no spare information in an abstract.,One or two sentences to introduce the topic and background of your research.Do a purpose statement(What you want to research or settle down.),The theoretical methods or important tools you used for the research(analytical methods,software,Test methods),Introduce the results or findings in your research in brief words.What a new theory revealed in your paper.,The conclusions and implications of your research paper.,To write a good abstract,we have to follow the conventions set by more experienced people in the field.,We can safely assume that if a research paper is accepted by an international journal,then its abstract can be emulated by people learning to write this kind of text.The two main features of an abstract are its discourse structure and the language used for condensing the information.We have seen that the abstract has a number of structural elements,also information is condensed in nominal groups with special types of verbs.,The secret of a successful abstract is in giving the most important information in the least number of words in a coherent structure.,This can be achieved by reading good abstracts and then emulating them when you need to write one.,2,Types,3,Tenses,3,Characteristics,An example about,Brevity,1965 Nobel Prize in Chemistry,the winner R.B.Woodward write,a 28-page paper,.The abstract has,five sentences,only with,80 words,containing articles,prepositions and chemical names.,“Lysergic acid,the basic fragment derived from the ergot alkaloid,has been synthesized in a fifteen-stage sequence with3-beta-carboxyethylindole.The starting material was converted to the intermediate 1-benzoy1-5-keto-1,2,2a-3,4,5-hexahydrobenz-cd-indole(4),containing three of the four rings present in lysergic acid”,1,Sentence Pattern,Passive sentence,(Object/Brief/Persuasive),1.We have found several approches to the problem of the interactivity.,：,Several approaches to the problem of the interactivity,have been found,.,2.Therefore we pressurize it to increase its density frequently.,：,It,is therefore frequently pressurized,to increase its density.,Format,Tips,Final Example,Abstract:The wave patterns and,wave pattern resistance,（兴波阻力）,for,trimarans,（三体船）,are calculated,by adopting a,generalized high-order panel method,（广义高阶面元法）,based on NURBS(non-uniform rational B-splines).Two different trimarans,are calculated,.Compared with the experiment data and calculated data in other references,the wave pattern resistance calculated is reasonable.The effects of,the side-hull,（侧体）,position on the wave-making resistance of the high-speed trimaran with,transom stern,（方尾）,are discussed,numerically.,
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