成语的英译课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,成语的英译（1）,Give a lick and a promise,成语翻译和成语故事,敷衍搪塞,Give someone the runaround,你根本没有洗手，只不过敷衍了事。,You didnt wash your hands;you just gave them a lick and a promise.,Bury the hatchet,成语翻译和成语故事,休战和好,他们敌对多年，但一场搏斗后却和解了。,They had been enemies for ages,but after a fight they buried the hatchet.,Backstairs influence,暗中势力，幕后人物；秘密影响,成语翻译和成语故事,他秘密会见了议员，暗中对议员施加了影响。,He met the congressmen in secret to exert backstairs influence.,一、汉语成语英译,成语是我们日常生活中非常重要的语言要素。汉语成语结构稳定，绝大部分以四字格形式出现，在翻译中是不可忽视的问题。,哪些汉语成语可以根据其字面意义翻译？哪些只能翻译比喻意义？这完全取决于成语的字面形式和比喻形象能否为译文读者理解和接受。例如,“胸有成竹”,：,Have a bamboo in ones stomach,To have a well-thought-out plan before doing sth.,To have a card up ones sleeve,1 可以直译的成语,中国文学和政论作品中大量使用了一些非常形象的比喻成语。其比喻的本体和喻体有着很强的关联性。其中一些与英语的说法没有很大的文化差异和障碍。这类成语可以字面直译。,引狼入室,直译：to bring the wolves into the house/fold(羊圈),意译：to invite disasters,“是些什么人呢？干这引狼入室的勾当！”,“Whoever they are,they are letting the wolf into the fold!”,调虎离山,直译：to lure the tiger out of the hills,意译：to lure the enemy from his base,“我中了他的,调虎离山,计啦！”,“Ive fallen for his luring the tiger out of the hills scheme!”,如坐针毡,直译：to feel as if sitting on a cushion filled with needles,意译：to feel terribly uneasy,套译：on pins and needles,且说林冲在柴大官人东庄上，听得这话，如坐针毡。,Lin Chong,however,was in the east village of the Lord Chai and when he heard all the talk of him,it was as though he sat on a cushion filled with needles.,守株待兔,直译：to watch the stump and wait for a hare,意译：to wait for gains without pains(wait for windfalls),这样他采取,守株待兔,的态度，还是当他的乡董。,Accordingly,having adopted this attitude of“watching the stump and waiting for a hare”,he continued with his councillorship.,翻译磨刀石（直译）,声东击西,刻骨铭心,狗仗人势,口蜜腹剑,Shout in the east and strike in the west(look one way and row another/sell the dummy),Be engraved in ones heart and bones(remember to the end of ones life),Be like a dog counting on its masters backing(be a bully under the protection of a powerful person),To be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted(a Judas kiss),翻译磨刀石（意译）,虚怀若谷,如虎添翼,噤若寒蝉,指腹为婚,To be modest and extremely open-minded,With might redoubled(with added strength),Keep silent out of fear,The two have been engaged to each other before they were born.(prenatal betrothal),2 可以套译的成语,涸泽而渔,套译：to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs,直译：to drain the pond to catch all the fish,只为工业积累，农业本身积累得太少或者没有积累，涸泽而渔，对于工业发展反而不利。,If agriculture accumulated only for industry and very little or none for itself,that would mean“,draining the pond to get all the fish,”and would only harm the development of industry.,打草惊蛇,套译：to wake a sleeping dog,意译：act rashly and alert the enemy,不要动声色，不要打草惊蛇，我们不妨看看他们如何活动。,Dont say anything about it;we mustnt,wake a sleeping dog,why not keep an eye on what they engage in?,家徒四壁,直译：have nothing but four bare walls in ones house,套译：as poor as Job,意译：be utterly destitute,她四面望望空洞的屋子，茫然地笑笑：“真是,家徒四壁,啊！”（杨沫青春之歌）,Looking around the empty room,she told herself with a wry smile,“,nothing but four bare walls,.”,其他例子：,挥金如土,To throw money about like dirt,To spend money like water,掌上明珠,A pearl in the palm,The apple of ones eye,The beloved daughter,骨瘦如柴,To be as thin as sticks/a lath,To be a bag of bones,To be skin and bones,雪中送炭,To send charcoal in snowy weather,To help a lame dog over a stile(横栏),Provide timely help,翻译磨刀石（套译）,顺水行舟,非驴非马,日暮途穷,本末倒置,Sail with the wind,Neither fish,flesh nor fowl,At the end of ones rope,Put the cart before the horse,3、不能直译的成语,我们强调直译是成语英译的第一选择，但并非所有成语都可按照字面翻译，如“,眉飞色舞,”,译成“eyebrows are flying and countenance is dancing”，势必贻笑大方，应该根据实际意义翻译成,to beam with joy(enraptured),.,More examples,粗枝大叶,无孔不入,扬眉吐气,纸醉金迷,开门见山,单枪匹马,风雨飘摇,To be crude and careless(,sloppy,),to be all-pervasive/seize any opportunity,To feel proud and elated/hold ones head high,A life of luxury and dissipation,To come straight to the point,To be single-handed in doing something,To be in unstable/turbulent times,部分成语带着特定的中国文化背景，字面上含有中国古代的人名、地名，有的出于寓言或历史的典故。这些成语，如加解释，就失去了成语精粹的特点，所以一般绕开文化背景，译出其真正的内涵意义。,历史故事类成语：,完璧归赵；程门立雪；三顾茅庐；纸上谈兵；南柯一梦；洛阳纸贵,寓言故事类：,拔苗助长；狐假虎威；亡羊补牢；坐井观天；叶公好龙；精卫填海；盲人摸象,这类成语一般用意译或者套译,毛遂自荐,叶公好龙,南柯一梦,四面楚歌,锱铢必较,罄竹难书,初出茅庐,倾国倾城,悬梁刺股,To volunteer ones services,Professed love of what one really fears,A fond dream or illusory joy,To be besieged on all sides,To haggle over every penny,(of crimes)too numerous to be recorded,At the beginning of ones career(inexperienced),To be exceedingly beautiful(gorgeous),To be extremely hard-working in ones study,意译,套译,小题大做,赴汤蹈火,洗心革面,横行霸道,过河拆桥,乳臭未干,格格不入,魂不附体,Make a mountain out of a molehill,Go through fire and water,Turn over a new leaf,Throw ones weight about,Kick down the ladder,Be wet behind the ears,Be like square pegs in round holes,Jump out of ones skin(to be scared out of ones wits),翻译磨刀石（历史故事和寓言英译）,画龙点睛,三顾茅庐,掩耳盗铃,杀鸡儆猴,Add the touch that brings a work of art to life,Repeatedly request somebody to take up a responsible post,Plug ones ears while stealing a bell(to deceive oneself),Kill the chicken to frighten the monkey(punish someone as a warning to others),二、翻译中英语成语的应用,针对不同文体的原文