中考复习语法讲解

中考英语语法,被动语态,被动语态与状态的区别,教 学 目 标,被动语态基本结构,（现在、过去、情态）,哪些词不能用于被动,被动语态与被动修饰,基 础 知 识,一、什么是被动语态？,英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。,如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。,1.,定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。,2.,被动语态的构成：,被字句：主语,+,be,+,动词过去分词,(v-ed),+by sb.,我打他,I beat him. (,打过了,),他被我打,=,他打被我,He was beaten by me.,他喜欢她,He likes her.,她喜欢被他,She,is liked,by him. (am/ is / are).,被动语态的时态是由,be,动词的时态决定的，,be,动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，,be,动词后面的过去分词不变。,学好被动语态的两个基础条件,一、每种时态的,be,动词形式。,二、不规则动词。,主动语态,be,的谓语形式总结,(1),主,+am/ is/ are,主,+ am/ is/ are + being,主,+ will + be,主,+ has been,He is a leader.,He is being here.,He will be a leader.,He has been a leader.,主动语态,be,的谓语形式总结,(2),主,+was/ were,主,+ was/ were + being,主,+ would + be,主,+ had been,He was a leader.,He was being here just now.,He would be a leader.,He had been a leader several years ago.,被动语态,:,主,+,be +,过去分词,+(by,sb,),1. He,eats,the apple.,2. He,ate,the apple.,3. He,is eating,the apple.,4. He,was eating,the apple.,5. He,will eat,the apple.,6. He,would eat,the apple.,7. He,has eaten,the apple.,8. He,had eaten,the apple.,1. The apple,is eaten,by him.,2. The apple,was eaten,by him.,3. The apple,is being eaten,by,him.,4. The apple,was being eaten,by,him.,5. The apple,will be eaten,by him.,6. The apple,would be eaten,by,him.,7. The apple,has been eaten,by,him.,8. The apple,had been eaten,by,him.,三、情态动词的被动语态,他儿子一定照顾这个人。,His son must take care of the person.,这个人一定要由他儿子照顾,=,即这个人一定照顾由他儿子。,The person must be taken care of by his son.,含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上,be,动词即可。,构成：主语,+,情态动词,(,can,may,must)+be,(,永远是原形,)+,过去分词,+by sb.,1. You must do this as,soon as possible.,2. I can use it.,3. You should buy a,dictionary.,4. She ought to clean her bedroom.,5. They need look after the little child.,6. We can change water into ice.,1. This must be done as,soon as possible (by you).,2. It can be used.,3. A dictionary should be,bought(by,you).,4. Her bedroom ought to be cleaned.,5. The little child need be looked,after(by,them).,6. Water can be changed into ice.,提 高 知 识,一、,是不是所有的动词都有被动语态？,1.,所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。,这类动词或短语如：,take place(,发生,),，,happen(,发生,),，,come about(,发生,),，,break out(,爆发,),，,appear(,出现,),，,disappear(,消失,),，,last(,持续,),，,die , end (vi.,结束,), fail, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart,等。,(2),不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语,：,Fit,合适, have, hold, marry,结婚, own,拥有, wish, cost,值, notice,注意, watch,agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in,成功, suffer from,受苦, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to,属于,(3),系动词无被动语态：,appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look,remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn,It sounds good.,听起来很好。,Tell me if you feel cold,你要是感到冷就告诉我。,4),特殊结构：,make sb. heard / understood (,使别人能听见,/,理解自己,),，,have,sth,. done (,要某人做某事,),。,5),当,break out,、,take place,、,shut off,、,turn off,、,work out,等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。,The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.,二、初中的不及物动词有哪些？,不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词。,常见的不及物动词有：,apologize,道歉,appear,出现,arrive,到达,come,来,go,去,run,跑,walk,走,die,死,fall,掉落,flow,流淌,happen,发生,rise,升起,stay,停留,sit,坐,lie,躺,stand,站,cry,哭,swim,游泳,基础练习题,( ) 1. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.,A. found B. was founded,C. is founded D. was found,( ) 2. English _ in Canada.,A. speaks B. are spoken,C. is speaking D. is spoken,( )3.This English song_ by the girls after class.,A. often sings B. often sang,C. is often sang D. is often sung,( ) 4. This kind of car _ in Japan.,A. makes B. made,C. is making D. is made,( ) 5New computers _ all over the world.,A. is used B. are using,C. are used D. have used,( ) 6. Our room must _ clean.,A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep,( ) 7. A new house _ at the corner of the road.,A. is building B. is being built,C. been built D. be building,( ) 8. The key _ on the table when I leave.,A. was left B. will be left,C. is left D. has been left,( ) 9. His new book_ next month.,A. will be published,B. is publishing,C. is being published,D. has been published,( ) 10. The,flowers_often,.,A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water,Answers: 1-5 BDDDC 6-10 BBCAB,提高练习题,1. The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.,A. is going to be rebuilt,B. will rebuilt,C. are going to be rebuilt,D. are going to rebuilt,2. The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.,A. is going to be shown B. will shown,C. will show D. is shown,3. Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.,A. have kept B. are keeping,C. have been keeping D. have been kept,4. -Id like to buy that coat.,-Im sorry. _.,A. it sold B. its selling,C. Its been sold D. it had been sold,5. These,papers_yet,.,A.have,not written B. have not been written,C. has not written D. has not been written,6. The sports meet _ be held until next week.,A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt,7. The books may_ for two weeks.,A. be kept B. be borrowed,C. keep D. borrow,8. The broken bike_ here by,Mr,Smith.,A. can mend B. can mended,C. can be mend D. can be mended,9. Tea _ in the south of China.(,多,),A. grows B. is grown,C. were grown D. will grow,10. Old people must _.,A. look after well,B. be looked well after,C. looked well,afterD,. be looked after well,11. Newly-born,babies_in,hospital.,A. are taken good care,B. are taken good care of,C. take good care of,D. take good care,12. I_ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.,A. am given B. was been giving,C. had given D. was given,13. She,will_good,care_.,A. take; of B. be taken; of,C. take; for you D. be taken; of you,14. The teacher made him_ his homework.,A. to do,B. do,C. did,D. done,15. These,children_dance,.,A. were seen to B. were seen for,C. were seen D. saw to,16. The bike _ 500,yuan,.,A. was cost,B.,costed,C. cost,D. is,costed,17. The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.,A. was had B. was held,C. held D. had,18. Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.,A. took place to B. have taken place,C. were taking place D. had taken place,19. You cant use the computer, it_.,A. was broken down B. is wrong,C. is bad D. has broken down,20. The,medicine_in,a dry and cool place .A .keep B .must keep,C .must be kept D .must be keep,Anwers,:,1-5 AADCB 6-10 BADBD,11-15 BDBBA 16-20 CBDAC,三、被动语态与过去分词短语作后置定语。,1. The cat,is called,Tom. (,被动语态,),2. There is a,cat,(called,Tom),in the house. (,过去分词短语作后置定语,),3,例：,He called the man called John.,4,例：,The developed countries have developed over 200 years.,四：被动语态不要与表示状态句型混淆,类型一,He is interested in the game.,The game is made in China.,类型二,The door is closed.,The door is closed by John.,练 习 题,1.,Somebody_Jack,phoned while you were out.,A.to,call,B.calling,C.being,called,D.called,2. These,walls_stone,.,A. are made of,B. made of,C. are made into,D. made into,3. Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.,A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said,4. The,coat_her,sister.,A. made to B. were made for,C. was made for D. was made to,5. Please pass me another cup. This one_.,A. is broken B. is breaking,C. broke D. broken,6. The boy_ is my friend.,A. is named John B. name John,C. named John D. are named John,7. The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s.,A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing,8. The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.,A. have written,B. to be written,C. being written,D. written,9. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.,A. are bought B. boughtC. been bought D. buying,10. The repairs cost a lot, but its money well _.,A. to spend B. spentC. being spent D. spending,Answers: 1-5 DABCA 6-10 CBDBB,