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,U6,B R _ main,An English Poem,American Civil War,Ulysses S. Grant,Robert Lee,About the Author,Some Famous Events or Places during American Civil war,B R _ American Civil War _main,Appomattox Court House,Mississippi Valley,Alleghenies,B R _Robert Lee_ main,A Video Clip about Robert Lee,Table Completion,Lees Chronology,B R _ 1.1,An English Poem,Directions: Listen to the poem, then fill in the blanks with,the words you hear from the recording.,By the flow of the inland river,Whence the of iron have fled,Where the blades of the grave-grass quiver,Asleep are the ranks of the dead:,Under the sod and the dew,Waiting the -day;,Under the one, the Blue,Under the other, the Gray.,The Blue and the Gray,fleets,_,judgment,_,B R _1.2,These in the robings of glory,Those in the of defeat,All with the battle-blood gory,In the dusk of meet:,Under the sod and the dew,Waiting the judgement-day,Under the laurel, the Blue,Under the , the Gray.,gloom,_,eternity,_,willow,_,B R _1.3,From the silence of hours,The mourners go,Lovingly laden with flowers,Alike for the friend and the ;,Under the sod and the dew,Waiting the judgment-day;,Under the roses, the Blue,Under the lilies, the Gray.,sorrowful,_,desolate,_,foe,_,B R _1.4,So with an equal ,The morning sun-rays fall,With a touch tender,On the blossoms blooming for all:,Under the sod and the dew,Waiting the judgment-day;,with gold, the Blue,with gold, the Gray.,splendor,_,impartially,_,Broidered,_,Mellowed,_,B R _1.5,So, when the summer call,On forest and field of grain,With an murmur fall,The cooling of the rain:,Under the sod and the dew,Waiting the judgment-day,Wet with the rain, the Blue,Wet with the rain, the Gray.,equal,_,drip,_,B R _1.6,Sadly, but not with upbraiding,The deed was done,In the storm of the years that are,No braver battle was won:,Under the sod and the dew,Waiting the judgment-day;,Under the , the Blue,Under the garlands, the Gray.,generous,_,fading,_,blossoms,_,B R _1.7,No more shall the war cry ever,Or the winding rivers be red;,They our anger forever,When they laurel the of our dead!,Under the sod and the dew,Waiting the judgment-day,Love and tears for the Blue,Tears and love for the Gray.,banish,_,graves,_,B R _2_1_1.1,Fort Sumter War Begins,mortar,roar,smash,cannon,surrender,n.,v.,v.,n.,vi.,迫击炮,滚动，咆哮,打碎，粉碎,加农炮,投降,B R _2_1_1.2,1. What did the explosion above Fort Sumter mean?,The explosion was a signal for all Confederate guns surrounding the fort to open fire.,2. Why did Confederate leaders order the attack at Fort Sumter?,Because Confederate leaders ordered the attack after President Abraham Lincoln refused to withdraw the small force of American soldiers at Sumter.,B R _2_1_1.3,3. Why didnt Major Anderson use his most powerful cannons?,Because the most powerful cannons were in the open at the top of the fort, where there was no protection for the gunners,4. What was the result of Major Anderson and his soldiers fight?,Their fights didnt do much damage to Confederate guns.,5. What was Major Andersons requirement if he surrendered?,He would surrender if he and his men could leave with honor.,B R _2_1_2.1,The Battle of Vicksburg,pivotal,fortified,swampy,unscathed,dwindle,grim,unvexed,adj.,adj.,adj.,adj.,v.,adj.,adj.,枢轴的，关键的,加强的,沼泽的,没有受伤的，未受伤的,缩小,严酷的,不受干扰的，镇静的,B R _2_1_2.2,1. What is the significance of the Battle of Vicksburg?,This is the battle where Union General Grant will defeat Confederate forces, split the Confederacy into two and finally occupy the Mississippi.,2. What kind of risk did Grant take?,Grant took a big risk by sending troop transports on a midnight to run down the river and past Vicksburgs big guns.,B R _2_1_2.3,3. What did Grant and his army succeed in doing?,Grant and his army attacked Vicksburg from the south; after a series of short clashes outside of Vicksburg, Confederate defenders hole up inside the citys fortified defenses.,4. What kind of life did people living in Vicksburg live during the siege?,Residents of the town were forced to live in caves. Food supplies dwindled to nothing. They were shooting horses and eventually even eating rats because of the desperation.,B R _2_1_1.1_pop1,Just before sunrise on April twelfth, 1861, the first shot was fired in the American Civil War. A heavy mortar roared, sending a shell high over the harbor at Charleston, South Carolina. The shell dropped and exploded above Fort Sumter, a United States military base on an island in the harbor.,The explosion was a signal for all Confederate guns surrounding the fort to open fire. Shell after shell smashed into the fort. The booming of the cannons woke the people of Charleston. They rushed to the harbor and cheered as the bursting shells lighted the dark sky.,B R _2_1_1.1_pop2,Confederate leaders ordered the attack after President Abraham Lincoln refused to withdraw the small force of American soldiers at Sumter. Food supplies at the fort were very low. And southerners expected hunger would force the soldiers to leave. But Lincoln announced he was sending a ship to Fort Sumter with food.,Confederate President Jefferson Davis ordered his commander in Charleston, General Beauregard, to destroy the fort before the food could arrive.,B R _2_1_1.1_pop3,The attack started from Fort Johnson across the harbor from Sumter. A Virginia congressman, Roger Pryor, was visiting Fort Johnson when the order to fire was given. The forts commander asked Pryor if he would like the honor of firing the mortar that would begin the attack. “No,” answered Pryor, and his voice shook. “I cannot fire the first gun of the war.”,But others could. And the attack began.,At Fort Sumter, Major Robert Anderson and his men waited three hours before firing back at the Confederate guns.,B R _2_1_1.1_pop4,Anderson could not use his most powerful cannons. They were in the open at the top of the fort, where there was no protection for the gunners. Too many of his small force would be lost if he tried to fire these guns.,So Anderson had his men fire the smaller cannon from better-protected positions. These, however, did not do much damage to the Confederate guns.,Confederate shells continued to smash into Sumter throughout the night and into the morning of the second day. The fires at Fort Sumter burned higher. And smoke filled the rooms where soldiers still tried to fire their cannons.,B R _2_1_1.1_pop5,About noon, three men arrived at the fort in a small boat. One of them was Louis Wigfall, a former United States senator from Texas, now a Confederate officer. He asked to see Major Anderson.,Major Anderson was ready to stop fighting. His men had done all that could be expected of them. They had fought well against a much stronger enemy. Anderson said he would surrender, if he and his men could leave with honor.,Wigfall agreed. He told Anderson to lower his flag and the firing would stop.,B R _2_1_1.1_pop6,Down came the United States flag. And up went the white flag of surrender. The battle of Fort Sumter was over.,More than four-thousand shells had been fired during the thirty-three hours of fighting. But no one on either side was killed. One United States soldier, however, was killed the next day when a cannon exploded as Andersons men prepared to leave the fort.,B R _2_1_2.1_pop1,The Battle of Vicksburg is a battle for control of the Mississippi River. It will prove a pivotal victory for Union General Ulysses S. Grant. This is the battle where Grant will defeat Confederate forces, split the Confederacy into two and finally occupy the Mississippi. Vicksburg, Mississippi is a fortified city overlooking the Mississippi River.,So theyve got the river in front of them and this swampy delta behind them and the city itself is up on a hill. Its a very, very difficult position that Grant has been told that he must take.,B R _2_1_2.1_pop2,Every plan Grant tries ends in failure, but he refuses to give up. Finally, he takes a big risk by sending troop transports on a midnight to run down the river and past Vicksburgs big guns. Surprise is on his side and most make it through unscathed. That changes everything. Now, Grant can use the transports to cross the river below the city and attack from the south, the one direction from which Vicksburg is vulnerable. After a series of short clashes outside of Vicksburg, Confederate defenders hole up inside the citys fortified defenses. So Grants army lays siege. Artillery shells rain down on Vicksburg. Residents of the town, men, women, and children, are forced to live in caves. Food supplies dwindle to nothing.,B R _2_1_2.1_pop3,Towards the end of the siege, its a really grim situation where people are literally starving. Theyre shooting horses and eventually even eating rats because of the desperation. They have no other choice if theyre going to survive.,The Confederate commander of Vicksburg is General John Pemberton, a Pennsylvanian who chose to fight for the South because his wife was from Virginia. Hes also an old friend of Grant from before the war. After six weeks,B R _2_1_2.1_pop4,under siege, he decides he has no choice but to surrender. He does so on July 4th, 1863. Success at Vicksburg comes the day after the victory of Gettysburg. Abraham Lincoln is ecstatic. “The father of the waters flows un-vexed to the sea,” says Lincoln. The Confederacy has been torn up and its days are truly numbered.,B R _2_2,Appomattox Court House,Appomattox Court House is a historic village located three miles (5 km) east of Appomattox, Virginia, famous as the site of the Battle of Appomattox Court House and containing the house of,Wilmer McLean, where the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant took place on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the American Civil War. The site is now commemorated as Appomattox Courthouse National Historical Park, a national historical park.,B R _2_2_pop,B R _2_3,Mississippi Valley,The,Mississippi River,is the second-longest river in the United States; the longest is the,Missouri River, which flows into the Mississippi. The combined Missouri-Mississippi system (from the Missouris headwaters in the Rocky Mts. to the mouth of the Mississippi River) is c.3,740 mi (6,020 km) long and ranks as the worlds third longest river system after the,Nile,and the,Amazon,.,B R _2_3_pop1,B R _2_3_pop2,B R _2_3_pop3,B R _2_3_pop4,B R _2_4,Alleghenies,The Allegheny Mountains are a part of the,Appalachian mountain range,located in the eastern United States. They run from northeast to southwest through,West Central Pennsylvania, and the western part of,Maryland,and eastern,West Virginia,. They begin at the,Allegheny Front, which has an elevational change of up to two thousand feet. Absolute elevations reach well over four thousand feet in West Virginia. The highest point in West Virginia,Spruce Knob, is located in the Allegheny Mountains on the Allegheny Front.,B R _2_4_pop1,B R _2_4_pop2,B R _2_4_pop3,B R _2_4_pop4,B R _2_4_pop5,B R _2_4_pop6,B R _3_1.1,Ulysses S. Grant,Ulysses S. Grant,was the 18th President of the United States (18691877) and a Civil War general.,1. Grants Life,A General Introduction:,B R _3_1.2,Grant was enrolled in,West Point Military Academy,in 1839, and graduated in 1843.,His Education:,B R _ 3_1.3,His Military Career:,1) Grant served creditably in the Mexican War in 1843,but was forced to resign from the army in 1854,because of his excessive drinking.,2) In March, 1864, Grant was made commander in chief,with the rank of lieutenant general.,3) Made a full general in 1866, he was the first U.S.,citizen to hold that rank.,B R _ 3_1.4,His Presidency:,1) Grant was victorious over the Democratic candidate,Horatio Seymour, in 1868s presidency election.,2) In 1872, Grant was reelected as the American,president.,3) Grants administration was tainted by corruption,among his Cabinet members.,B R _ 3_2.1,Listen to the following passage, for the first eight blanks, you should fill in the exact word you will hear, for the last two blanks, you should write down the main ideas of the sentences you will hear.,2. Grants Letter to Lee,Directions:,Appomattox Ct. H., Va.,Apl 9, 1865,General R.E. Lee,Commanding C.S.A.,B R _ 3_2.2,General:,In with the of my letter to you of the 8th instant, I propose to receive the of the Army of Northern Virginia on the following terms, to wit:,of all the officers and men to be made in, one copy to be given to an officer by me, the other to be by such officer or officers as you may designate. The officers to give their individual paroles (,假赦书,) not to take up arms against,accordance,_,substance,_,surrender,_,Rolls,_,duplicate,_,designated,_,retained,_,the Government of the United States until properly, and each company or regimental commander to sign a like parole for the men of their commands.,. This will not embrace the side arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage.,Very respectfully,U.S. Grant, Lt-G,B R _ 3_2.3,exchanged,_,by me to receive them,The arms, artillery, and public property to be parked,and stacked, and turned over to the officers appointed,_,_,_,This done, each officer and man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by the United States authorities so long as they observe their paroles, and the laws in force where they may reside,_.,B R _4_1.1,Robert Lee,Lees Chronology,Date,January 19, 1807,1829,1834-1837,Graduated from the U.S. Military Academy second in his class.,Served as an assistant in the Chief Engineers Office in Washington.,Event,Lee was Born in Stratford, Virginia.,B R _4_1.2,Became the superintendent of the West Point Military Academy.,1846-1848,1852-1855,1855,June 1, 1862,1864,Distinguished himself in Mexican War.,Became Lieutenant Colonel of the Second Cavalry and was sent to the Texas frontier.,Appointed to command the Army of Northern Virginia.,Became commander of all the Union armies.,B R _4_1.3,April 9, 1865,October 2, 1865,Defeated at the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg and surrendered at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.,Served as president of Washington College (now Washington and Lee Univ.). Over the five years, he transformed Washington College from a small one,into one of the most,prestigious American colleges.,B R _4_1.4,Lee died two weeks after a stroke, was buried underneath the chapel at Washington and Lee University.,October 12, 1870,B R _4_2.1,A Video Clip about Robert Lee,Directions: Watch the video clip and decide whether the,statements are True or False.,B R _4_2.2,1.Robert Lee was generally considered as a defendant of States right.,F,Some people thought he was a Union traitor, while other may consider him as a defendant of States right.,(,),2.The only word which can be used to describe the soldiers in Civil War is responsibility.,F,The only word is duty.,(,),B R _4_2.3,3.During the Civil war, no man other than Robert Lee suffered the greatest human struggles.,T,(,),B R _4_3.1,Table Completion,Directions: Listen to the recording, then fill in the table by,busing the information you hear from the,recording.,Name,Age,Height,Appearance,General Grant,General Lee,nearly 43 years of age,older than Grant, nearly 59 years old,five feet eight inches,fully six feet in height,with shoulders slightly stooped,quite erect for one of his age,B R _4_3.2,Name,Hair and Beard,General Grant,General Lee,nut brown, without a trace of gray,silver-gray, and quite thick,Clothing,a blouse, made of dark-blue flannel,in front, and showing a,underneath,a new uniform of, buttoned up to the throat,single-breasted,_,unbuttoned,_,waistcoat,_,Confederate gray,_,B R _4_3.3,Name,General Grant,General Lee,Adornment,no sword, only a pair of,a long sword of,fine workmanship, the hilt,shoulder straps,_,exceedingly,_,with jewels,studded,_,_,B R _5.1,About the Author,Bruce Catton,Bruce Catton was a journalist and a notable historian of the American Civil War. He won a,Pulitzer Prize,for history in 1954 for,A Stillness at Appomattox, his study of the final campaign of the war in,Virginia,. Catton was known as a narrative historian who specialized in popular histories that emphasized the colorful characters and vignettes (,小品文,) of history, in addition to the simple dates, facts,B R _5.2,and analyses. His works, although well-researched, were generally not presented in a rigorous academic style, supported by footnotes. In the long line of Civil War historians, Catton is arguably the most prolific and popular of all, with,Shelby Foote,his only conceivable rival.,Oliver Jensen, who succeeded him as editor of,American Heritage,magazine, wrote: “There is a near-magic power of imagination in Cattons work that seemed to project him physically into the battlefields, along the dusty roads and to the campfires,（营火）,of another age.”,B R _5.1_pop1,B R _5.1_pop2,B R _5.1_pop3,B R _5.2_pop1,B R _5.2_pop2,B R _5.2_pop3,G R _ main,Part Division of the Text,Further Understanding,G R _ Further Understanding_ MAIN,For Part 2 Text Analysis,For Part 3 Words Scanning,For Part 1 Questions and Answers,Table Completion,True or False,G R _ Part Division of the Text 1,Parts,Para(s).,Main Ideas,1,1-2,2,3-13,The Appomattox meeting brought the Civil War to its virtual end.,How Grant and Lee differed in background, sense of allegiance, etc.,3,14-16,What were the qualities they had in common.,Part Division of the Text,G R _2_1_1,Questions and Answers,Directions:,Read the first two paragraphs, and answer the following questions.,1. When did Grant and Lee sign the surrender?,Grant and Lee worked out the terms for surrender of Lees Army on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.,G R _2_1_2,3. After Lees surrender, did the Confederate government totally give up their struggle?,Not yet. The Confederate government continued struggling for several days, but in vain.,2. What is the significance of Lees surrender?,Lees surrender to Grant means that the American Civil War came to a close at last.,G R _2_2_1.1,Text Analysis,Directions:,In this part, the author uses subject-by-subject comparison to organize the comparison and contrast between Grant and Lee. Please scan this part, and find out the transitional words and phrases, or sentences indicating the comparison and contrast between the two generals.,G R _2_2_1.2,They represented the strengths of two conflicting currents.,Grant, the son of a tanner on the Western frontier, was everything Lee was not.,These frontier men were the precise opposite of the tidewater aristocrats.,And that, perhaps, is where the contrast between Grant and Lee becomes most striking.,The Westerner, on the other hand, would fight with an equal tenacity for the broader concept of society.,So Grant and Lee were in complete contrast, representing two diametrically opposed elements in American life.,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,G R _2_2_2.1,Table Completion,Directions:,In this part, the author gives a very detailed comp
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